Biology 1 Chapter 1 And 2 Test

The cell theory states that all organisms are composed of cells, and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells. Option A is incorrect because the fundamental unit of life is the cell, not tissues or organs. Option B is incorrect as cells do not originate from inorganic matter but from pre-existing cells. Option C is incorrect as cells do not spontaneously generate from non-living material, but rather come from pre-existing cells through division.

Natural selection is possible when individuals within a population vary in characteristics that are heritable, allowing certain traits to provide a survival advantage and be passed on to offspring. It is not limited to controlled environments or specific population sizes.

A phylogenetic tree is not related to plants, mathematical equations, or pasta dishes. It is specifically a visual tool used in evolutionary biology to represent the relationships between different species based on their shared traits and genetic information.

Louis Pasteur's experiment was a pivotal moment in disproving the theory of spontaneous generation. By sterilizing the broth and preventing external contaminants from reaching the broth, he demonstrated that life did not just emerge out of nothing.

Louis Pasteur's experiments in the 19th century proved that microorganisms do not spontaneously arise in nutrient-rich environments, leading to the understanding of biogenesis.

In Pasteur's experiment, the important variables that were kept consistent were the temperature, the nutrient source, and the duration of incubation. These factors were crucial in ensuring the validity and reliability of his results.

If the spontaneous experiment had held true, it would have meant that life could arise spontaneously from non-living matter. In the context of Pasteur's experiment, this would mean that both the experimental flask and the control flask would have cells, contradicting Pasteur's findings that only the experimental flask containing broth exposed to air produced cells.

The correct definition of population refers to individuals from a single ancestry in an isolated group.

Heritable traits are those that are determined by genetic factors and can be passed down from parents to offspring through their genes.

Artificial selection is the process of intentionally selecting individuals with specific desirable traits to reproduce and create the next generation. In this case, the desirable trait was the highest protein content, leading to the selection of those individuals to produce more offspring.

Natural selection involves changes in the frequency of traits within a population over time due to differential survival and reproduction. Therefore, the correct answer should showcase this gradual change in trait frequency over time, which can be effectively represented through a graph.

In the context of evolution, heritable variation plays a crucial role in the progression of traits over generations due to natural or artificial selection.

The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archea, and Eukarya which represent the major lineages in the tree of life. The incorrect answers provide other classification schemes that do not align with the three domains.

The tree of life concept refers to the relationship between organisms through evolution, not literal trees or religious symbols.

In biology, 'phyla' refer to major lineages within the tree of life, representing a group of related organisms sharing a common ancestor.

A null hypothesis is typically the opposite of the research or alternative hypothesis, stating that there is no significant difference or effect. It is used in hypothesis testing to determine if there is enough evidence to reject it in favor of the alternative hypothesis.

The giraffe study was an observational study because the researchers observed the giraffes in their natural habitat without intervening or manipulating any variables.

A theory is a conceptual framework that explains existing observations or predicts new ones based on empirical evidence and logical reasoning. It is not a mere guess, proven fact, or unfalsifiable belief.

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation based on limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation and testing.

A prediction is a statement about the future based on evidence or reasoning. It must be measurable and accurate in order to support a hypothesis.

Spontaneous generation was a theory that living organisms could arise from non living matter, but it has been disproven by scientific experiments. The correct answer highlights the idea that cells can arise from non living things through natural processes.

The term 'decent with modification' refers to the gradual changes in traits over generations as a result of natural selection, leading to the progression and adaptation of species.