Age and disability MCQ quiz

The characteristics of disability include sensory, physical, and intellectual impairments. This means that individuals with disabilities may have difficulties with their senses, such as hearing or vision, physical limitations that affect their mobility or coordination, and intellectual challenges that impact their cognitive abilities. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above," as all these characteristics can be present in individuals with disabilities.

Toothache is not considered a physical disability because it is a temporary condition caused by dental issues such as tooth decay or infection. Physical disabilities typically refer to long-term impairments that affect a person's physical functioning, mobility, or sensory abilities. In contrast, a toothache is a localized pain in the mouth that can be treated and resolved with dental intervention.

Amniocentesis is a method used to identify Down syndrome. It involves the extraction of a small amount of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus. This fluid contains fetal cells that can be analyzed for genetic abnormalities, including Down syndrome. Amniocentesis is typically performed between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy and is considered a reliable diagnostic test for detecting chromosomal disorders. It is often recommended for pregnant women who have a higher risk of having a baby with Down syndrome, such as those who are older or have a family history of the condition.

Autistic spectrum disorders are considered a developmental disorder because they typically appear in early childhood and affect the individual's social interaction, communication skills, and behavior. These disorders, such as autism and Asperger's syndrome, involve difficulties in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. They can significantly impact a person's ability to function and interact with others, making it a clear example of a developmental disorder.

Cerebral palsy is mostly brought on by anoxia, which refers to a lack of oxygen supply to the brain before, during, or after birth. Anoxia can occur due to various reasons such as complications during labor, umbilical cord problems, or maternal health issues. This lack of oxygen can result in damage to the developing brain, leading to cerebral palsy. Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and cerebral vascular accident (stroke) are not primarily caused by anoxia.

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. Individuals with Down syndrome often have intellectual disabilities, with IQ scores typically falling in the moderate to severe range. The given answer, 35-55, is within this range and is therefore correct.

Shaken baby syndrome is recognized as a major contributor to intellectual disability in children. This syndrome occurs when a caregiver shakes a baby forcefully, causing the baby's brain to move back and forth within the skull. This can result in severe brain damage, including intellectual disability. The shaking motion can cause bleeding, swelling, and bruising of the brain, leading to long-term cognitive and developmental impairments.

Prolonged speech is a technique used in the treatment of stuttering. It involves speaking slowly and stretching out syllables and sounds, which helps to reduce the frequency and severity of stuttering. This technique allows the person to have better control over their speech and improve their fluency. By speaking in a slow and deliberate manner, individuals who stutter can break the cycle of disfluency and develop more fluent speech patterns.

Small frontal lobes do not constitute a physical factor that is frequently linked to phonological disorder. Phonological disorder is a speech disorder that affects the ability to produce and organize speech sounds correctly. It is often caused by factors such as cleft palate, cerebral palsy, and hearing impairment. However, small frontal lobes, which are a part of the brain, are not typically associated with phonological disorder.

Savant syndrome refers to a condition where a person with cognitive limitations demonstrates exceptional abilities or skills in a specific area, such as music, art, mathematics, or memory. People with Savant syndrome often have difficulties in other areas of cognitive functioning but possess an extraordinary talent in one particular skill. This phenomenon is often associated with conditions like autism spectrum disorder or developmental disabilities.