Remedial Uts Gasal Bio Xii

1. Jawaban sementara atas permasalahan dalam penelitian

The given answer is "HIPOTESIS" which is the Indonesian word for "hypothesis". In research, a hypothesis is a proposed explanation or prediction for a phenomenon or problem that can be tested through experimentation or observation. It is a tentative statement that provides a basis for further investigation. In this context, the answer suggests that the temporary solution or answer to the problem in the research is a hypothesis.

Explanation

The given answer is "HIPOTESIS" which is the Indonesian word for "hypothesis". In research, a hypothesis is a proposed explanation or prediction for a phenomenon or problem that can be tested through experimentation or observation. It is a tentative statement that provides a basis for further investigation. In this context, the answer suggests that the temporary solution or answer to the problem in the research is a hypothesis.

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2. Proses menuju keadaan yang lebih dewasa

The given answer "PERKEMBANGAN" is the correct answer because it directly translates to "development" in English. The phrase "proses menuju keadaan yang lebih dewasa" suggests a process of growth or progress towards a more mature state, which aligns with the concept of development. Therefore, "PERKEMBANGAN" is the most suitable word to describe this process.

Explanation

The given answer "PERKEMBANGAN" is the correct answer because it directly translates to "development" in English. The phrase "proses menuju keadaan yang lebih dewasa" suggests a process of growth or progress towards a more mature state, which aligns with the concept of development. Therefore, "PERKEMBANGAN" is the most suitable word to describe this process.

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3. Gugus prostetik yang tersusun dari senyawa anorganik

The given correct answer is "KOFAKTOR". The phrase "Gugus prostetik yang tersusun dari senyawa anorganik" translates to "Prosthetic group composed of inorganic compounds" in English. In biochemistry, a cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is required for the biological activity of a protein. Cofactors can be organic molecules, such as vitamins, or inorganic molecules, such as metal ions. Therefore, the term "kofaktor" accurately describes a prosthetic group composed of inorganic compounds.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "KOFAKTOR". The phrase "Gugus prostetik yang tersusun dari senyawa anorganik" translates to "Prosthetic group composed of inorganic compounds" in English. In biochemistry, a cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is required for the biological activity of a protein. Cofactors can be organic molecules, such as vitamins, or inorganic molecules, such as metal ions. Therefore, the term "kofaktor" accurately describes a prosthetic group composed of inorganic compounds.

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5. Tahap pengikatan CO2 dalam siklus Calvin

The given correct answer is "FIKSASI". The term "fiksasi" refers to the process of fixing or incorporating carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic molecules during the Calvin cycle. In this cycle, CO2 is converted into a more stable and usable form, such as glucose, through a series of enzymatic reactions. This fixation of CO2 is essential for plants to produce carbohydrates and other organic compounds necessary for their growth and survival.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "FIKSASI". The term "fiksasi" refers to the process of fixing or incorporating carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic molecules during the Calvin cycle. In this cycle, CO2 is converted into a more stable and usable form, such as glucose, through a series of enzymatic reactions. This fixation of CO2 is essential for plants to produce carbohydrates and other organic compounds necessary for their growth and survival.

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6. Penghambat kerja enzim

The given correct answer is "INHIBITOR". An inhibitor is a substance that slows down or prevents the activity of an enzyme. It binds to the enzyme and alters its shape, making it unable to catalyze the reaction effectively. Inhibitors can be competitive, where they compete with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme, or non-competitive, where they bind to a different site on the enzyme and change its shape. In both cases, the inhibitor reduces the rate of enzyme activity, ultimately inhibiting its function.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "INHIBITOR". An inhibitor is a substance that slows down or prevents the activity of an enzyme. It binds to the enzyme and alters its shape, making it unable to catalyze the reaction effectively. Inhibitors can be competitive, where they compete with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme, or non-competitive, where they bind to a different site on the enzyme and change its shape. In both cases, the inhibitor reduces the rate of enzyme activity, ultimately inhibiting its function.

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7. Peristiwa pertumbuhan tanaman yang amat cepat di tempat gelap

Etiolasi is the process of rapid plant growth in darkness. When plants are deprived of light, they elongate their stems and produce pale, weak leaves in order to reach for light. This is an adaptive response to low light conditions, as the plant tries to maximize its chances of survival by growing towards a light source. Etiolation is characterized by the lack of chlorophyll production, resulting in a pale appearance.

Explanation

Etiolasi is the process of rapid plant growth in darkness. When plants are deprived of light, they elongate their stems and produce pale, weak leaves in order to reach for light. This is an adaptive response to low light conditions, as the plant tries to maximize its chances of survival by growing towards a light source. Etiolation is characterized by the lack of chlorophyll production, resulting in a pale appearance.

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8. Menunda pertumbuhan; istirahat panjang

The given answer "DORMANSI" is a Bahasa Indonesia word that translates to "dormancy" in English. Dormancy refers to a state of rest or inactivity in which growth or development is temporarily suspended. In the context of the given information, "menunda pertumbuhan" means delaying growth, and "istirahat panjang" means long rest. Therefore, "DORMANSI" accurately describes the concept of delaying growth and long rest, which aligns with the explanation provided.

Explanation

The given answer "DORMANSI" is a Bahasa Indonesia word that translates to "dormancy" in English. Dormancy refers to a state of rest or inactivity in which growth or development is temporarily suspended. In the context of the given information, "menunda pertumbuhan" means delaying growth, and "istirahat panjang" means long rest. Therefore, "DORMANSI" accurately describes the concept of delaying growth and long rest, which aligns with the explanation provided.

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9. Zat yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam perkecambahan

The correct answer is AIR because air is essential for the process of germination. Seeds require oxygen to respire and break down stored food reserves, which allows them to grow into plants. Additionally, air contains carbon dioxide, which is needed for photosynthesis, the process by which plants produce food. Therefore, without air, seeds would not be able to undergo germination and develop into plants.

Explanation

The correct answer is AIR because air is essential for the process of germination. Seeds require oxygen to respire and break down stored food reserves, which allows them to grow into plants. Additionally, air contains carbon dioxide, which is needed for photosynthesis, the process by which plants produce food. Therefore, without air, seeds would not be able to undergo germination and develop into plants.

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10. Hormon yang dapat memperbesar ukuran buah

Giberelin adalah hormon yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman, termasuk memperbesar ukuran buah. Hormon ini merangsang pertumbuhan sel-sel dalam buah, sehingga buah dapat tumbuh lebih besar dari biasanya. Giberelin juga dapat mempengaruhi pembentukan biji dalam buah. Dengan memberikan giberelin secara eksternal, ukuran buah dapat diperbesar secara signifikan.

Explanation

Giberelin adalah hormon yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman, termasuk memperbesar ukuran buah. Hormon ini merangsang pertumbuhan sel-sel dalam buah, sehingga buah dapat tumbuh lebih besar dari biasanya. Giberelin juga dapat mempengaruhi pembentukan biji dalam buah. Dengan memberikan giberelin secara eksternal, ukuran buah dapat diperbesar secara signifikan.

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11. Perkecambahan yang epikotilnya tumbuh memanjang

The given statement describes a type of germination where the epicotyl (the part of the embryo above the cotyledons) grows elongated. This type of germination is known as epigeal germination. In epigeal germination, the cotyledons remain below the soil surface while the epicotyl grows upward, pulling the cotyledons above the ground. This type of germination is commonly seen in dicotyledonous plants.

Explanation

The given statement describes a type of germination where the epicotyl (the part of the embryo above the cotyledons) grows elongated. This type of germination is known as epigeal germination. In epigeal germination, the cotyledons remain below the soil surface while the epicotyl grows upward, pulling the cotyledons above the ground. This type of germination is commonly seen in dicotyledonous plants.

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12. Contoh peristiwa katabolisme; penguraian glukosa

The given correct answer, "RESPIRASI," is an appropriate explanation for the example given, which is the breakdown of glucose during catabolism. Respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into energy through a series of chemical reactions, such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. During respiration, glucose is broken down into smaller molecules, releasing energy in the form of ATP. Therefore, respiration is a suitable explanation for the given example of glucose breakdown during catabolism.

Explanation

The given correct answer, "RESPIRASI," is an appropriate explanation for the example given, which is the breakdown of glucose during catabolism. Respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into energy through a series of chemical reactions, such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. During respiration, glucose is broken down into smaller molecules, releasing energy in the form of ATP. Therefore, respiration is a suitable explanation for the given example of glucose breakdown during catabolism.

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13. Komponen enzim yang berupa protein

APOENZIM adalah komponen enzim yang berupa protein. Enzim terdiri dari dua komponen utama, yaitu apoenzim dan kofaktor. Apoenzim adalah bagian protein enzim yang memiliki aktivitas katalitik, sedangkan kofaktor adalah molekul non-protein yang membantu apoenzim dalam melakukan reaksi katalitik. Jadi, apoenzim merupakan komponen enzim yang berupa protein dan bertanggung jawab untuk menjalankan fungsi katalitik enzim tersebut.

Explanation

APOENZIM adalah komponen enzim yang berupa protein. Enzim terdiri dari dua komponen utama, yaitu apoenzim dan kofaktor. Apoenzim adalah bagian protein enzim yang memiliki aktivitas katalitik, sedangkan kofaktor adalah molekul non-protein yang membantu apoenzim dalam melakukan reaksi katalitik. Jadi, apoenzim merupakan komponen enzim yang berupa protein dan bertanggung jawab untuk menjalankan fungsi katalitik enzim tersebut.

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14. Peristiwa yang menyebabkan protein mengalami kerusakan karena suhu yang tinggi

Denaturasi adalah peristiwa di mana protein mengalami kerusakan atau kehilangan struktur tiga dimensi mereka akibat suhu yang tinggi. Pada suhu yang tinggi, ikatan hidrogen dan interaksi non-kovalen lainnya dalam protein terganggu, menyebabkan protein kehilangan struktur dan fungsi mereka. Proses ini dapat terjadi karena paparan panas ekstrem, seperti saat memasak makanan atau sterilisasi alat medis. Denaturasi protein dapat mengakibatkan kehilangan aktivitas biologis dan fungsionalitas protein, yang dapat berdampak negatif pada organisme.

Explanation

Denaturasi adalah peristiwa di mana protein mengalami kerusakan atau kehilangan struktur tiga dimensi mereka akibat suhu yang tinggi. Pada suhu yang tinggi, ikatan hidrogen dan interaksi non-kovalen lainnya dalam protein terganggu, menyebabkan protein kehilangan struktur dan fungsi mereka. Proses ini dapat terjadi karena paparan panas ekstrem, seperti saat memasak makanan atau sterilisasi alat medis. Denaturasi protein dapat mengakibatkan kehilangan aktivitas biologis dan fungsionalitas protein, yang dapat berdampak negatif pada organisme.

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15. Energi ... dibutuhkan untuk melangsungkan suatu reaksi

The given correct answer is "AKTIVASI". This answer is likely to be correct because the question states that it is asking for the energy needed to carry out a reaction. "Aktivasi" is the Indonesian word for "activation", which refers to the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that "aktivasi" is the correct answer to the question.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "AKTIVASI". This answer is likely to be correct because the question states that it is asking for the energy needed to carry out a reaction. "Aktivasi" is the Indonesian word for "activation", which refers to the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that "aktivasi" is the correct answer to the question.

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16. Perhatikan gambar berikut:

Pertumbuhan tanaman tersebut dipengaruhi oleh … .

cahaya

suhu

air

kelembaban

nutrisi

Tanaman membutuhkan cahaya untuk melakukan fotosintesis, yaitu proses pembuatan makanan menggunakan energi matahari. Cahaya yang diterima oleh tanaman akan diubah menjadi energi kimia yang digunakan untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Tanpa cahaya, tanaman tidak dapat melakukan fotosintesis dan pertumbuhannya akan terhambat. Oleh karena itu, cahaya adalah faktor yang penting dalam pertumbuhan tanaman.

Explanation

Tanaman membutuhkan cahaya untuk melakukan fotosintesis, yaitu proses pembuatan makanan menggunakan energi matahari. Cahaya yang diterima oleh tanaman akan diubah menjadi energi kimia yang digunakan untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Tanpa cahaya, tanaman tidak dapat melakukan fotosintesis dan pertumbuhannya akan terhambat. Oleh karena itu, cahaya adalah faktor yang penting dalam pertumbuhan tanaman.

17. Nutrisi yang dibutuhkan dalam jumlah banyak

The correct answer is "MAKRONUTRIEN." This answer is appropriate because the question is asking for the nutrient that is needed in large quantities. Macronutrients are the nutrients that the body requires in large amounts, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These nutrients provide energy and are essential for the proper functioning of the body.

Explanation

The correct answer is "MAKRONUTRIEN." This answer is appropriate because the question is asking for the nutrient that is needed in large quantities. Macronutrients are the nutrients that the body requires in large amounts, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These nutrients provide energy and are essential for the proper functioning of the body.

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18. Enzim yang substratnya protein

The correct answer is PROTEINASE. Proteinase is an enzyme that specifically acts on proteins as its substrate. It breaks down proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids by hydrolyzing the peptide bonds. This enzyme is important in various biological processes, such as digestion, protein turnover, and cellular signaling.

Explanation

The correct answer is PROTEINASE. Proteinase is an enzyme that specifically acts on proteins as its substrate. It breaks down proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids by hydrolyzing the peptide bonds. This enzyme is important in various biological processes, such as digestion, protein turnover, and cellular signaling.

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19. Mineral yang berperan dalam translokasi glukosa pada tumbuhan

Boron is a mineral that plays a crucial role in the translocation of glucose in plants. It is involved in the movement of sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant, such as roots and fruits. Boron helps in the formation and stability of cell walls, which are essential for the transport of glucose. It also aids in the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, which are necessary for the proper functioning of cells involved in glucose translocation. Therefore, boron is necessary for the efficient transport of glucose in plants.

Explanation

Boron is a mineral that plays a crucial role in the translocation of glucose in plants. It is involved in the movement of sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant, such as roots and fruits. Boron helps in the formation and stability of cell walls, which are essential for the transport of glucose. It also aids in the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, which are necessary for the proper functioning of cells involved in glucose translocation. Therefore, boron is necessary for the efficient transport of glucose in plants.

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21. Bakteri yang dapat melakukan kemosintesis

Nitrosococcus is a type of bacteria that is capable of performing chemosynthesis. Chemosynthesis is a process by which organisms convert inorganic compounds into organic molecules, using energy obtained from chemical reactions instead of sunlight. Nitrosococcus is specifically known for its ability to oxidize ammonia into nitrite, which is an important step in the nitrogen cycle. This bacterium plays a crucial role in the conversion of nitrogen compounds and is commonly found in marine environments, where it contributes to the biological filtration of nitrogen in the ocean.

Explanation

Nitrosococcus is a type of bacteria that is capable of performing chemosynthesis. Chemosynthesis is a process by which organisms convert inorganic compounds into organic molecules, using energy obtained from chemical reactions instead of sunlight. Nitrosococcus is specifically known for its ability to oxidize ammonia into nitrite, which is an important step in the nitrogen cycle. This bacterium plays a crucial role in the conversion of nitrogen compounds and is commonly found in marine environments, where it contributes to the biological filtration of nitrogen in the ocean.

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22. Faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman antara lain adalah ... .

hereditas dan nutrien

hereditas dan hormon

nutrien dan enzim

hormon dan cahaya

cahaya dan air

Cahaya dan air adalah faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman. Tanaman membutuhkan cahaya untuk fotosintesis, yaitu proses di mana tanaman mengubah energi cahaya menjadi energi kimia yang digunakan untuk pertumbuhan. Air juga sangat penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman karena digunakan dalam proses fotosintesis dan juga sebagai medium untuk mengangkut nutrien ke seluruh bagian tanaman. Oleh karena itu, keberadaan cahaya dan air yang cukup sangat penting bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman.

Explanation

Cahaya dan air adalah faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman. Tanaman membutuhkan cahaya untuk fotosintesis, yaitu proses di mana tanaman mengubah energi cahaya menjadi energi kimia yang digunakan untuk pertumbuhan. Air juga sangat penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman karena digunakan dalam proses fotosintesis dan juga sebagai medium untuk mengangkut nutrien ke seluruh bagian tanaman. Oleh karena itu, keberadaan cahaya dan air yang cukup sangat penting bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman.

23. Salah satu ciri makhluk hidup adalah mengalami proses menuju tahap yang akan sulit untuk diukur. Proses tersebut adalah … .

Pertumbuhan

Reproduksi

gerak

Perkembangan

Iritabilita

Makhluk hidup mengalami proses perkembangan yang melibatkan perubahan dan pertumbuhan dari tahap awal menjadi tahap yang lebih kompleks dan matang. Proses perkembangan ini sulit untuk diukur karena melibatkan perubahan dalam struktur dan fungsi organisme. Hal ini berbeda dengan pertumbuhan yang lebih fokus pada peningkatan ukuran dan jumlah sel. Reproduksi, gerak, dan iritabilitas juga merupakan ciri-ciri makhluk hidup, namun tidak secara khusus menjelaskan tentang proses menuju tahap yang sulit diukur.

Explanation

Makhluk hidup mengalami proses perkembangan yang melibatkan perubahan dan pertumbuhan dari tahap awal menjadi tahap yang lebih kompleks dan matang. Proses perkembangan ini sulit untuk diukur karena melibatkan perubahan dalam struktur dan fungsi organisme. Hal ini berbeda dengan pertumbuhan yang lebih fokus pada peningkatan ukuran dan jumlah sel. Reproduksi, gerak, dan iritabilitas juga merupakan ciri-ciri makhluk hidup, namun tidak secara khusus menjelaskan tentang proses menuju tahap yang sulit diukur.

24. Pertumbuhan memanjang yang terjadi pada ujung akar atau batang tumbuhan disebut … .

Pertumbuhan primer

Pertumbuhan sekunder

Pertumbuhan tersier

Pertumbuhan tunggal

Pertumbuhan teratur

Pertumbuhan memanjang yang terjadi pada ujung akar atau batang tumbuhan disebut pertumbuhan primer.

Explanation

Pertumbuhan memanjang yang terjadi pada ujung akar atau batang tumbuhan disebut pertumbuhan primer.

25. Percobaan tentang kecepatan pertumbuhan tanam dengan data sebagai berikut.

Pertumbuhan yang paling cepat terjadi pada hari … .

1 dan 2

4 dan 5

7 dan 8

3 dan 4

6 dan 7

The fastest growth occurs on days 7 and 8 based on the given data.

Explanation

The fastest growth occurs on days 7 and 8 based on the given data.

26. Pengertian temperatur optimum pada proses pertumbuhan adalah … .

Temperatur tertinggi dimana tumbuhan masih dapat hidup

Temperatur tertinggi di suatu daerah dimana tumbuhan tidak dapat hidup

Temperatur yang dapat mempengaruhi tumbuhnya tumbuhan sehingga mudah layu

Temperatur yang paling sesuai bagi pertumbuhan tumbuhan

Temperatur terendah di mana tumbuhan dapat hidup

The correct answer is "Temperatur yang paling sesuai bagi pertumbuhan tumbuhan" which means the most suitable temperature for plant growth. This answer suggests that there is an optimum temperature range in which plants can grow and thrive effectively.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Temperatur yang paling sesuai bagi pertumbuhan tumbuhan" which means the most suitable temperature for plant growth. This answer suggests that there is an optimum temperature range in which plants can grow and thrive effectively.

27. Muslikhah melakukan percobaan pertumbuhan kecambah kacang hijau dengan intensitas cahaya yang berbeda. Hasil percobaannya adalah sebagai berikut.

Kondisi Cahaya	Tinggi kecambah pada hari ke- (dlm cm)
Kondisi Cahaya	1	2	3	4	5
Gelap	2,4	5,3	6,4	8,1	8,8
Remang-remang	1,4	2,0	2,7	3,2	4,4
Terang	2,6	1,4	1,5	2,3	3,1

Berdasarkan tabel di atas dapat diambil simpulan sebagai berikut ... .

intensitas cahaya semakin tinggi, pertumbuhan kecambah kacang hijau makin cepat

pertumbuhan kecambah tidak memerlukan cahaya

intensitas cahaya makin rendah, pertumbuhan kecambah makin cepat

cahaya tidak terlalu memengaruhi pertumbuhan kecambah kacang hijau

pertumbuhan kecambah berbanding lurus dengan kenaikan intensitas cahaya

Based on the given table, it can be concluded that as the intensity of light decreases, the growth of green bean sprouts becomes faster. This can be inferred from the fact that in the "Gelap" condition, the height of the sprouts increases from 2.4 cm on day 1 to 8.8 cm on day 5. This indicates that the sprouts grow more rapidly in low light conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is "intensitas cahaya makin rendah, pertumbuhan kecambah makin cepat" which translates to "as the intensity of light decreases, the growth of the sprouts becomes faster".

Explanation

Based on the given table, it can be concluded that as the intensity of light decreases, the growth of green bean sprouts becomes faster. This can be inferred from the fact that in the "Gelap" condition, the height of the sprouts increases from 2.4 cm on day 1 to 8.8 cm on day 5. This indicates that the sprouts grow more rapidly in low light conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is "intensitas cahaya makin rendah, pertumbuhan kecambah makin cepat" which translates to "as the intensity of light decreases, the growth of the sprouts becomes faster".

28. Respirasi aerob terjadi melalui beberapa tahap. Sebelum memasuki siklus Krebs, asam piruvat terlebih dahulu membentuk ... . d. e.

asetil ko-A

suksinil ko-A

koenzim A

asam oksaloasetat

asam suksinatasam suksinat

Before entering the Krebs cycle, pyruvate first forms acetyl Co-A.

Explanation

Before entering the Krebs cycle, pyruvate first forms acetyl Co-A.

29. Sebelum tumbuh tunas dan daun, sumber makanan utama kecambah adalah … .

Akar

Batang

Pupuk

Kotiledon

Embrio

Kotiledon adalah sumber makanan utama kecambah sebelum tumbuh tunas dan daun. Kotiledon adalah daun embrio pada biji yang berfungsi menyimpan cadangan makanan yang diperlukan oleh kecambah untuk tumbuh dan berkembang sebelum dapat melakukan fotosintesis sendiri.

Explanation

Kotiledon adalah sumber makanan utama kecambah sebelum tumbuh tunas dan daun. Kotiledon adalah daun embrio pada biji yang berfungsi menyimpan cadangan makanan yang diperlukan oleh kecambah untuk tumbuh dan berkembang sebelum dapat melakukan fotosintesis sendiri.

30. Reaksi terang pada proses fotosintesis berlangsung di … .

Nukleus

Krista

Matriks

Stroma

Grana

In the process of photosynthesis, the light reactions occur in the grana. The grana are stacks of thylakoid membranes found in the chloroplasts of plant cells. These thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll molecules that absorb light energy. During the light reactions, the absorbed light energy is used to convert water into oxygen and produce energy-rich molecules called ATP and NADPH. Therefore, the correct answer is Grana.

Explanation

In the process of photosynthesis, the light reactions occur in the grana. The grana are stacks of thylakoid membranes found in the chloroplasts of plant cells. These thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll molecules that absorb light energy. During the light reactions, the absorbed light energy is used to convert water into oxygen and produce energy-rich molecules called ATP and NADPH. Therefore, the correct answer is Grana.

31. Pertumbuhan suatu tumbuhan dapat dinyatakan dengan hal berikut, kecuali … .

Bertambah banyaknya sel-sel

Sel semakin membesar

Penambahan subtansi sel

Penambahan panjang sel-sel tubuh

Merupakan proses yang bersifat reversibel

The given options describe different aspects of plant growth. However, the option "Merupakan proses yang bersifat reversibel" does not accurately describe plant growth. Plant growth is generally considered to be an irreversible process, meaning that once a plant grows, it cannot revert back to its previous state. Therefore, this option is the exception and does not represent a valid expression of plant growth.

Explanation

The given options describe different aspects of plant growth. However, the option "Merupakan proses yang bersifat reversibel" does not accurately describe plant growth. Plant growth is generally considered to be an irreversible process, meaning that once a plant grows, it cannot revert back to its previous state. Therefore, this option is the exception and does not represent a valid expression of plant growth.

32. Tempat terjadinya dan jumlah ATP yang dihasilkan dari sistem trasfer elektron adalah ... .

mitokondria dengan 34 ATP

sitoplasma dengan 4 ATP

niitokondria dengan 18 ATP

sitoplasma dengan 30 ATP

nukleolus dengan 34 ATP

The correct answer is mitokondria dengan 34 ATP. Mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration, where the electron transport chain takes place. This process produces the majority of ATP in the cell, with a total of 34 ATP molecules being generated.

Explanation

The correct answer is mitokondria dengan 34 ATP. Mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration, where the electron transport chain takes place. This process produces the majority of ATP in the cell, with a total of 34 ATP molecules being generated.

33. Dari pernyataan di bawah ini yang tidak termasuk daerah meristem apikal adalah … .

Zona meristematik

Zona differensiasi

Zona jaringan permanen

Zona pembelahan

Zona pemanjangan

The correct answer is "Zona jaringan permanen." The other options mentioned, such as "Zona meristematik," "Zona differensiasi," "Zona pembelahan," and "Zona pemanjangan," all refer to different regions of the meristem, which is the tissue responsible for growth in plants. However, the "Zona jaringan permanen" refers to the region of permanent tissue, which is not involved in cell division or growth.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Zona jaringan permanen." The other options mentioned, such as "Zona meristematik," "Zona differensiasi," "Zona pembelahan," and "Zona pemanjangan," all refer to different regions of the meristem, which is the tissue responsible for growth in plants. However, the "Zona jaringan permanen" refers to the region of permanent tissue, which is not involved in cell division or growth.

34. Perhatikan skema respirasi aerob di bawah ini!

Dari bagan di bawah peristiwa 1 dan 2 secara berturut-turut adalah … .

siklus Krebs dan glikolisis

siklus Krebs dan reaksi antara

glikolisis dan siklus Krebs

glikolisis dan transfer elektron.

Transfer electron dan siklus Krebs

Peristiwa 1 adalah glikolisis, yang merupakan proses pemecahan glukosa menjadi dua molekul piruvat di sitoplasma sel. Peristiwa 2 adalah siklus Krebs, yang merupakan proses oksidasi piruvat menjadi CO2 di dalam mitokondria. Jadi, peristiwa 1 dan 2 secara berturut-turut adalah glikolisis dan siklus Krebs.

Explanation

Peristiwa 1 adalah glikolisis, yang merupakan proses pemecahan glukosa menjadi dua molekul piruvat di sitoplasma sel. Peristiwa 2 adalah siklus Krebs, yang merupakan proses oksidasi piruvat menjadi CO2 di dalam mitokondria. Jadi, peristiwa 1 dan 2 secara berturut-turut adalah glikolisis dan siklus Krebs.

35. Reaksi yang memanfaatkan energi untuk membangun molekul kompleks dari molekul yang lebih sederhana disebut ... .

katabolisme

anabolisme

reduksi

oksidasi

reaksi kimia

Anabolisme adalah reaksi yang memanfaatkan energi untuk membangun molekul kompleks dari molekul yang lebih sederhana.

Explanation

Anabolisme adalah reaksi yang memanfaatkan energi untuk membangun molekul kompleks dari molekul yang lebih sederhana.

36. Hormon pertumbuhan organ yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bunga adalah … .

Anthokalin

Auksin

Filokalin

Kaulokalin

Rhizokalin

Anthokalin is the correct answer because it is a growth hormone that can affect flower growth. The other options, such as Auksin, Filokalin, Kaulokalin, and Rhizokalin, are not known to have a direct impact on flower growth.

Explanation

Anthokalin is the correct answer because it is a growth hormone that can affect flower growth. The other options, such as Auksin, Filokalin, Kaulokalin, and Rhizokalin, are not known to have a direct impact on flower growth.

37. Dalam katabolisme karbohidrat, substrat utamanya adalah ... .

glukosa

asam amino

gliserol

asam lemak

maltosa

In carbohydrate catabolism, the main substrate is glucose. Glucose is broken down through various metabolic pathways to produce energy in the form of ATP. It is the primary source of energy for most cells in the body and is readily available from dietary carbohydrates or stored glycogen. Glucose can be metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. Therefore, glucose is the main substrate in carbohydrate catabolism.

Explanation

In carbohydrate catabolism, the main substrate is glucose. Glucose is broken down through various metabolic pathways to produce energy in the form of ATP. It is the primary source of energy for most cells in the body and is readily available from dietary carbohydrates or stored glycogen. Glucose can be metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. Therefore, glucose is the main substrate in carbohydrate catabolism.

38. Tanaman kerdil dapat dipacu menjadi tanaman normal dengan memberikan hormon ... .

asam absisat

giberelin

sitokinin

auksin

etilen

Giberelin is a hormone that promotes plant growth and development. It is known to stimulate cell elongation, seed germination, and flowering. In the given question, it is mentioned that dwarf plants can be stimulated to become normal plants. This suggests that the dwarf plants lack the necessary amount of giberelin hormone for normal growth. Therefore, by providing giberelin hormone, the dwarf plants can be encouraged to grow into normal plants.

Explanation

Giberelin is a hormone that promotes plant growth and development. It is known to stimulate cell elongation, seed germination, and flowering. In the given question, it is mentioned that dwarf plants can be stimulated to become normal plants. This suggests that the dwarf plants lack the necessary amount of giberelin hormone for normal growth. Therefore, by providing giberelin hormone, the dwarf plants can be encouraged to grow into normal plants.

39. Fotosintesis pada tumbuhan berklorofil akan berlangsung jika terdapat ... .

cahaya, tanah, CO2

cahaya, tanah, O2

cahaya, tanah, air

cahaya, air, O2

cahaya, air, CO2

Photosynthesis in plants with chlorophyll requires three main components: light, water, and carbon dioxide. The correct answer, "cahaya, air, CO2" (light, air, CO2), includes all three necessary components for photosynthesis to occur. Light is needed as an energy source, air (specifically oxygen) is required for respiration and as a byproduct of photosynthesis, and carbon dioxide is essential for the process of photosynthesis itself. Without any of these components, photosynthesis cannot take place.

Explanation

Photosynthesis in plants with chlorophyll requires three main components: light, water, and carbon dioxide. The correct answer, "cahaya, air, CO2" (light, air, CO2), includes all three necessary components for photosynthesis to occur. Light is needed as an energy source, air (specifically oxygen) is required for respiration and as a byproduct of photosynthesis, and carbon dioxide is essential for the process of photosynthesis itself. Without any of these components, photosynthesis cannot take place.

40. Fotosintesis adalah proses pembuatan karbohidrat dari CO2 dan H2O di dalam klorofil dengan bantuan cahaya matahari. Reaksi pembentukan karbohidrat ini dipengaruhi oleh tersebut di bawah ini, kecuali … .

jumlah CO2 yang ada di udara

suhu udara

jumlah air dalam tanah

jumlah oksigen di udara

intensitas cahava

The process of photosynthesis involves the production of carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight. The factors that influence this carbohydrate formation are the amount of CO2 in the air, the temperature of the air, the amount of water in the soil, and the intensity of light. The amount of oxygen in the air does not directly affect the process of photosynthesis, as oxygen is a product of this process rather than a factor that influences it.

Explanation

The process of photosynthesis involves the production of carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight. The factors that influence this carbohydrate formation are the amount of CO2 in the air, the temperature of the air, the amount of water in the soil, and the intensity of light. The amount of oxygen in the air does not directly affect the process of photosynthesis, as oxygen is a product of this process rather than a factor that influences it.

41. Suatu enzim yang terdapat dalam hati dengan konsentrasi yang tinggi, bekerja pada peroksida air dengan menghasilkan air dan oksigen adalah enzim ... . .

katalase

peroksidase

oksigenase

dehidrogenase

dehidrase

Katalase adalah enzim yang ditemukan dalam hati dengan konsentrasi yang tinggi dan bekerja pada peroksida air dengan menghasilkan air dan oksigen. Enzim ini bertanggung jawab untuk memecah peroksida air menjadi dua molekul air dan satu molekul oksigen. Oleh karena itu, katalase adalah enzim yang tepat untuk menjelaskan proses ini.

Explanation

Katalase adalah enzim yang ditemukan dalam hati dengan konsentrasi yang tinggi dan bekerja pada peroksida air dengan menghasilkan air dan oksigen. Enzim ini bertanggung jawab untuk memecah peroksida air menjadi dua molekul air dan satu molekul oksigen. Oleh karena itu, katalase adalah enzim yang tepat untuk menjelaskan proses ini.

42. Pemberian sungkup plastik mampu meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman. Hal ini disebabkan suhu di sekitar tanaman menjadi stabil. Selain itu, distribusi cahaya pada tanaman menjadi merata. Akibatnya, proses fotosintesis menjadi lebih optimal. Dari semua radiasi matahari yang dipancarkan, cahaya tampak yang digunakan untuk proses fotosintesis. Cahaya tampak terdiri atas spektrum merah, oranye, kuning, hijau, biru, dan violet. Setiap spektrum cahaya mempunyai pengaruh yang berbeda-beda terhadap proses fotosintesis. Hal ini dikarenakan setiap jenis pigmen fotosintesis dapat menyerap spektrum cahaya dengan panjang gelombang berbeda-beda. Permukaan plastik akan meneruskan cahaya sesuai dengan warna plastik tersebut. Misalnya, plastik berwarna biru hanya meneruskan sinar biru. Pigmen-pigmen fotosintesislebih efektif menyerap sinar merah daripada sinar biru. Sementara itu, sinar hijau tidak efektif untuk proses fotosintesis. Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut, Mahmudah ingin melakukan percobaan pada tanaman tomat. Rancangan percobaan disusun sebagai berikut. Kelompok I : tanpa sungkup Kelompok II : sungkup warna merah Kelompok III : sungkup warna biru Kelompok IV : sungkup warna hijau Kelompok V : sungkup bening (tidak berwarna) Variabel bebas pada percobaan tersebut adalah … .

jumlah sungkup

pertumbuhan tanaman tomat

warna sungkup

intensitas cahaya

jumlah buah tomat yang dihasilkan

The independent variable in the experiment is the color of the cover. This is because the experiment aims to investigate the effect of different colors of covers on the growth and productivity of tomato plants. By using different colored covers, the experimenters can observe and compare the impact of each color on the plants. The other variables mentioned, such as the number of covers, growth of tomato plants, intensity of light, and number of tomatoes produced, are either dependent variables or irrelevant to the experiment.

Explanation

The independent variable in the experiment is the color of the cover. This is because the experiment aims to investigate the effect of different colors of covers on the growth and productivity of tomato plants. By using different colored covers, the experimenters can observe and compare the impact of each color on the plants. The other variables mentioned, such as the number of covers, growth of tomato plants, intensity of light, and number of tomatoes produced, are either dependent variables or irrelevant to the experiment.

43. Proses fiksasi CO2 berlangsung di… .

Sitosol

Stroma

fotosistem

Granum

Nukleoplasma

The process of CO2 fixation occurs in the stroma. Stroma is the fluid-filled space within the chloroplasts, where the Calvin cycle takes place. During this cycle, CO2 is converted into organic molecules with the help of enzymes and energy from ATP and NADPH, which are produced in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. Therefore, the stroma is where CO2 fixation occurs in photosynthesis.

Explanation

The process of CO2 fixation occurs in the stroma. Stroma is the fluid-filled space within the chloroplasts, where the Calvin cycle takes place. During this cycle, CO2 is converted into organic molecules with the help of enzymes and energy from ATP and NADPH, which are produced in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. Therefore, the stroma is where CO2 fixation occurs in photosynthesis.

44. Respirasi anaerob yang berlangsung dalam tape menghasilkan….

Oksigen dan etanol

Oksigen, etanol, dan CO2

ATP dan asam laktat

Etanol dan ATP

ATP, Etanol dan CO2

Respirasi anaerob dalam tape menghasilkan ATP, etanol, dan CO2. Dalam proses ini, glukosa diubah menjadi etanol dan CO2 dengan menghasilkan energi dalam bentuk ATP. Etanol dan CO2 adalah produk sampingan dari respirasi anaerob, sementara ATP adalah bentuk energi yang digunakan oleh sel untuk berbagai aktivitas metabolik.

Explanation

Respirasi anaerob dalam tape menghasilkan ATP, etanol, dan CO2. Dalam proses ini, glukosa diubah menjadi etanol dan CO2 dengan menghasilkan energi dalam bentuk ATP. Etanol dan CO2 adalah produk sampingan dari respirasi anaerob, sementara ATP adalah bentuk energi yang digunakan oleh sel untuk berbagai aktivitas metabolik.

45. Enzim adalah suatu bahan yang dapat mempercepat terjadinya reaksi di dalam tubuh organisme. Salah satu sifat dari enzim adalah … .

bekerja sangat spesifik

dapat menghasilkan energi untuk mempercepat reaksi

mempunyai kemampuan untuk memperbanyak diri

hanya dapat bekerja dengan adanya ATP

dapat mempercepat gerakan molekul dari zat yang direaksikan

Enzymes are known for their specificity in catalyzing reactions. They have the ability to bind to specific substrates and convert them into products, thereby accelerating the reaction. This specificity allows enzymes to carry out specific functions in the body and play a crucial role in various metabolic processes.

Explanation

Enzymes are known for their specificity in catalyzing reactions. They have the ability to bind to specific substrates and convert them into products, thereby accelerating the reaction. This specificity allows enzymes to carry out specific functions in the body and play a crucial role in various metabolic processes.

46. Berikut ini adalah rentetan dari peristiwa glikolisis!

Gliseraldehid 3-P
Fruktosa 6-P
Fosfoenolpiruvat
3-fosfogliserat
Glukosa
Fruktosa 1,6 difosfat
1,3 difosfogliserat
Piruvat
2 fosfogliserat
Glukosa 6 fosfat

Rentetan glikolisis secara berurutan adalah….

5-10-2-7-4-9-3-1-6-8

5-2-10-6-7-1-9-4-3-8

5-10-2-6-1-7-4-9-3-8

5-7-4-9-2-10-6-1-3-8

5-6-2-10-7-4-9-1-3-8

The correct answer is 5-10-2-6-1-7-4-9-3-8. This is the correct sequence of events in glycolysis, starting with glucose and ending with pyruvate.

Explanation

The correct answer is 5-10-2-6-1-7-4-9-3-8. This is the correct sequence of events in glycolysis, starting with glucose and ending with pyruvate.

47. Secara berurutan, fermentasi alkohol melibatkan senyawa ... .

Piruvat-glukosa-laktat-asetaldehid

Glukosa-piruvat-asetaldehid-etanol

Glukosa-laktat-asetaldehid-etanol

Laktat-asetaldehid-etanol-piruvat

Etanol-piruvat-asetaldehid-glukosa

The correct answer is "Glukosa-piruvat-asetaldehid-etanol". This is the correct sequence of compounds involved in alcohol fermentation. The process starts with glucose, which is converted into pyruvate through glycolysis. Pyruvate is then converted into acetaldehyde, and finally, acetaldehyde is converted into ethanol.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Glukosa-piruvat-asetaldehid-etanol". This is the correct sequence of compounds involved in alcohol fermentation. The process starts with glucose, which is converted into pyruvate through glycolysis. Pyruvate is then converted into acetaldehyde, and finally, acetaldehyde is converted into ethanol.

48. Pemberian sungkup plastik mampu meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman. Hal ini disebabkan suhu di sekitar tanaman menjadi stabil. Selain itu, distribusi cahaya pada tanaman menjadi merata. Akibatnya, proses fotosintesis menjadi lebih optimal. Dari semua radiasi matahari yang dipancarkan, cahaya tampak yang digunakan untuk proses fotosintesis. Cahaya tampak terdiri atas spektrum merah, oranye, kuning, hijau, biru, dan violet. Setiap spektrum cahaya mempunyai pengaruh yang berbeda-beda terhadap proses fotosintesis. Hal ini dikarenakan setiap jenis pigmen fotosintesis dapat menyerap spektrum cahaya dengan panjang gelombang berbeda-beda. Permukaan plastik akan meneruskan cahaya sesuai dengan warna plastik tersebut. Misalnya, plastik berwarna biru hanya meneruskan sinar biru. Pigmen-pigmen fotosintesislebih efektif menyerap sinar merah daripada sinar biru. Sementara itu, sinar hijau tidak efektif untuk proses fotosintesis. Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut, Mahmudah ingin melakukan percobaan pada tanaman tomat. Rancangan percobaan disusun sebagai berikut. Kelompok I : tanpa sungkup Kelompok II : sungkup warna merah Kelompok III : sungkup warna biru Kelompok IV : sungkup warna hijau Kelompok V : sungkup bening (tidak berwarna) Kelompok kontrol pada percobaan di atas adalah … .

I

II

III

IV

V

The control group in this experiment is Group I, which is the group without any covering (sungkup). The purpose of the control group is to provide a baseline for comparison. By not using any covering, Group I represents the natural conditions for the tomato plants. This allows researchers to observe and compare the effects of different colored coverings (Groups II, III, IV, and V) on the productivity of the plants.

Explanation

The control group in this experiment is Group I, which is the group without any covering (sungkup). The purpose of the control group is to provide a baseline for comparison. By not using any covering, Group I represents the natural conditions for the tomato plants. This allows researchers to observe and compare the effects of different colored coverings (Groups II, III, IV, and V) on the productivity of the plants.

49. Daur krebs terjadi di dalam… .

Mitokondria

matriks mitokondria

sitoplasma

membran sel

membran dalam mitokondria

Daur Krebs, also known as the citric acid cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle, occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. This is where the cycle takes place and the various reactions of the cycle produce energy-rich molecules like ATP. The matrix of the mitochondria is the innermost compartment, surrounded by the inner membrane, and it contains enzymes and other molecules necessary for the Krebs cycle to occur. Therefore, the correct answer is matriks mitokondria.

Explanation

Daur Krebs, also known as the citric acid cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle, occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. This is where the cycle takes place and the various reactions of the cycle produce energy-rich molecules like ATP. The matrix of the mitochondria is the innermost compartment, surrounded by the inner membrane, and it contains enzymes and other molecules necessary for the Krebs cycle to occur. Therefore, the correct answer is matriks mitokondria.

50. Meristem apikal adalah bagian yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan diferensiasi ujung ... .

akar, batang, dan cabang

daun

batang dan cabang

semua benar

akar dan daun

Meristem apikal adalah bagian tumbuhan yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan diferensiasi ujung akar, batang, dan cabang. Meristem apikal ini terletak di ujung akar, batang, dan cabang dan bertanggung jawab untuk pertumbuhan panjang tumbuhan serta pembentukan jaringan-jaringan baru.

Explanation

Meristem apikal adalah bagian tumbuhan yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan diferensiasi ujung akar, batang, dan cabang. Meristem apikal ini terletak di ujung akar, batang, dan cabang dan bertanggung jawab untuk pertumbuhan panjang tumbuhan serta pembentukan jaringan-jaringan baru.

51. Gejala defisiensi pada tumbuhan berupa daun menguning menandakan tumbuhan kekurangan unsur … .

Mg

Zn

Cl

Fe

H2O

The correct answer is Mg. A deficiency in magnesium can cause yellowing of leaves in plants. Magnesium is an essential nutrient for plants as it plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and the synthesis of chlorophyll. When plants lack magnesium, they are unable to produce enough chlorophyll, resulting in chlorosis or yellowing of the leaves. Therefore, the yellowing of leaves in plants is a clear indication of a magnesium deficiency.

Explanation

The correct answer is Mg. A deficiency in magnesium can cause yellowing of leaves in plants. Magnesium is an essential nutrient for plants as it plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and the synthesis of chlorophyll. When plants lack magnesium, they are unable to produce enough chlorophyll, resulting in chlorosis or yellowing of the leaves. Therefore, the yellowing of leaves in plants is a clear indication of a magnesium deficiency.

52. Yang dimaksud dengan fotofosforillasi siklik adalah ... .

Sintesis ATP dalam kloroplas, elektron berawal dari P700 dan kembali di P700

Sintesis ATP dalam kloroplas, elektron berawal dari P700 dan tidak kembali di P700

ATP dalam kloroplas, elektron berawal dari P680 dan berakhir pula di P680

Sintesis ATP dalam kloroplas, elektron berawal dari P680 dan tidak kembali di di P680

Sintesis ATP di matriks mitokondria

The correct answer states that fotofosforillasi siklik involves the synthesis of ATP in the chloroplasts, where electrons start from P700 and return to P700. This means that during the process, electrons are excited by light energy and transferred through a series of electron carriers, ultimately leading to the production of ATP. The fact that the electrons return to P700 suggests that this process is cyclic and occurs within a specific pathway.

Explanation

The correct answer states that fotofosforillasi siklik involves the synthesis of ATP in the chloroplasts, where electrons start from P700 and return to P700. This means that during the process, electrons are excited by light energy and transferred through a series of electron carriers, ultimately leading to the production of ATP. The fact that the electrons return to P700 suggests that this process is cyclic and occurs within a specific pathway.

53. Perhatikan macam hormon berikut: 1) florigen 2) auksin 3) rizokalin 4) giberelin Fungsi hormon dormin berlawanan dengan fungsi hormon ... .

1, 2, dan 3

4

1 dan 3

1,2,3, dan 4

2 dan 4

The correct answer is 2 dan 4. Hormon dormin memiliki fungsi yang berlawanan dengan hormon auksin dan giberelin.

Explanation

The correct answer is 2 dan 4. Hormon dormin memiliki fungsi yang berlawanan dengan hormon auksin dan giberelin.

54. Berikut ini beberapa macam karakteristik dari hormon:

meningkatkan perkembangan bunga dan buah
mempengaruhi pemanjangan dan pembelahan sel
merangsang pembentukan saluran floem
mempercepat pemasakan buah
merangsang pertumbuhan daun dan pucuk

Yang merupakan karakteristik dari hormon giberelin adalah pada nomor .... .

1 dan 2

1 dan 3

2 dan 3

3 dan 4

4 dan 5

The characteristics of hormone gibberellin include increasing flower and fruit development and influencing cell elongation and division. Therefore, options 1 and 2, which include these characteristics, are the correct answer.

Explanation

The characteristics of hormone gibberellin include increasing flower and fruit development and influencing cell elongation and division. Therefore, options 1 and 2, which include these characteristics, are the correct answer.

55. Jaringan permanen di bawah ini merupakan jaringan yang sel-selnya sudah berhenti tumbuh, kecuali ... .

sklerenkim

floem

epidermis

xilem

kambium

The given correct answer is "kambium". Kambium is a permanent tissue in plants that is responsible for secondary growth. It is the only tissue in the options provided that is capable of continued growth and division. Sklerenkim, floem, epidermis, and xilem are all tissues that have ceased growth and are considered permanent, but only kambium is still actively dividing and producing new cells.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "kambium". Kambium is a permanent tissue in plants that is responsible for secondary growth. It is the only tissue in the options provided that is capable of continued growth and division. Sklerenkim, floem, epidermis, and xilem are all tissues that have ceased growth and are considered permanent, but only kambium is still actively dividing and producing new cells.

56. Nama struktur yang berlabel X pada gambar di bawah ini adalah … .

Radikula

Epikotil

Plumula

Hipokotil

Kotiledon

The correct answer is "Hipokotil." The hipokotil is the structure labeled X in the given image. The hipokotil is the part of the plant embryo that develops into the root system. It is located below the cotyledons and above the radicle.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Hipokotil." The hipokotil is the structure labeled X in the given image. The hipokotil is the part of the plant embryo that develops into the root system. It is located below the cotyledons and above the radicle.

57. Berdasarkan hasil yang terebentuk fermentasi dapat dibedakan atas 3 macam. Fermentasi di bawah ini, perbedaan yang benar adalah… .

No.	Deskripsi	Fermentasi asam laktat	Fermentasi alkohol
I	Sifat	Anaerob	Aerob
II	ATP yang terbentuk	2	>2
III	Hasil akhir	Alkohol	Asam laktat
IV	Organisme yang melakukan	Manusia/ hewan tingkat tinggi	Saccharomy-ces (yeast)
V	ATP yang terbentuk	2	2

I dan II

I dan III

II dan III

III dan IV

IV dan V

The correct answer is IV dan V. This is because in fermentation, ATP is produced through glycolysis. In the case of lactic acid fermentation, 2 ATP molecules are produced, while in alcohol fermentation, also known as ethanol fermentation, 2 ATP molecules are also produced. Additionally, lactic acid fermentation is carried out by organisms such as humans or higher-level animals, while alcohol fermentation is carried out by yeast, specifically Saccharomyces. Therefore, the correct difference between the two types of fermentation is the organisms that perform them.

Explanation

The correct answer is IV dan V. This is because in fermentation, ATP is produced through glycolysis. In the case of lactic acid fermentation, 2 ATP molecules are produced, while in alcohol fermentation, also known as ethanol fermentation, 2 ATP molecules are also produced. Additionally, lactic acid fermentation is carried out by organisms such as humans or higher-level animals, while alcohol fermentation is carried out by yeast, specifically Saccharomyces. Therefore, the correct difference between the two types of fermentation is the organisms that perform them.

58. Indole acetic acid (IAA) adalah hormon pertumbuhan alami yang merupakan kelompok hormon … .

Sitokinin

Gas etilen

Asam absisat

Giberelin

Auksin

Auksin adalah hormon pertumbuhan alami yang termasuk dalam kelompok hormon.

Explanation

Auksin adalah hormon pertumbuhan alami yang termasuk dalam kelompok hormon.

59. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kambium vaskuler ke arah dalam pada batang akan menghasilkan ... .

empulur

xilem primer

floem primer

xilem sekunder

floem sekunder

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kambium vaskuler ke arah dalam pada batang akan menghasilkan xilem sekunder. Kambium vaskuler adalah jaringan meristem yang terdapat di antara xilem dan floem dalam batang dan akar tumbuhan. Kambium vaskuler bertanggung jawab untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan batang tumbuhan. Ketika kambium vaskuler tumbuh ke arah dalam, ia akan menghasilkan lapisan xilem sekunder yang terletak di sebelah dalam xilem primer. Xilem sekunder berfungsi untuk mengangkut air dan nutrisi dari akar ke daun serta memberikan dukungan struktural pada batang tumbuhan.

Explanation

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kambium vaskuler ke arah dalam pada batang akan menghasilkan xilem sekunder. Kambium vaskuler adalah jaringan meristem yang terdapat di antara xilem dan floem dalam batang dan akar tumbuhan. Kambium vaskuler bertanggung jawab untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan batang tumbuhan. Ketika kambium vaskuler tumbuh ke arah dalam, ia akan menghasilkan lapisan xilem sekunder yang terletak di sebelah dalam xilem primer. Xilem sekunder berfungsi untuk mengangkut air dan nutrisi dari akar ke daun serta memberikan dukungan struktural pada batang tumbuhan.

60. Terbentuknya kembali RuBP untuk melanjutkan fungsinya sebagai fiksator CO2 merupakan fase ... .

Fiksasi

Reduksi

Oksidasi

Glikolisis

Regenerasi

The correct answer is "Regenerasi". Regenerasi refers to the process of rebuilding or reforming RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) in order to continue its function as a CO2 fixer. This process is essential in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, where RuBP combines with CO2 to form an unstable intermediate compound that eventually leads to the production of glucose. Without regenerasi, the Calvin cycle would not be able to continue and the fixation of CO2 would cease.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Regenerasi". Regenerasi refers to the process of rebuilding or reforming RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) in order to continue its function as a CO2 fixer. This process is essential in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, where RuBP combines with CO2 to form an unstable intermediate compound that eventually leads to the production of glucose. Without regenerasi, the Calvin cycle would not be able to continue and the fixation of CO2 would cease.

61. Tujuan sel tubuh melakukan pemecahan karbohidrat adalah … .

untuk memperbaiki bagian sel yang sudah rusak

untuk mendapatkan energi

untuk membangun sel-sel yang baru

untuk mengganti cairan yang ada dalam jaringan

untuk menghemat energi karena pemecahan karbohidrat memerlukan energi yang lebih kecil dibanding pemecahan lemak

The purpose of cells breaking down carbohydrates is to obtain energy.

Explanation

The purpose of cells breaking down carbohydrates is to obtain energy.

62. Tumbuhan yang tumbuh pada tempat yang mengalami kekurangan cahaya memiliki tanda-tanda berikut, kecuali … .

Daun lebar

Perakaran banyak

Stomata sedikit

Ukuran tubuh lebih tinggi

Ukuran stomata lebih lebar

Plants that grow in areas with low light typically have adaptations to maximize their ability to capture and utilize available light. One such adaptation is having a larger number of stomata, which are tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange. More stomata means more surface area for gas exchange, which is important for photosynthesis. Therefore, the statement "Stomata sedikit" (few stomata) is incorrect as it contradicts the expected adaptation of having more stomata in low light conditions.

Explanation

Plants that grow in areas with low light typically have adaptations to maximize their ability to capture and utilize available light. One such adaptation is having a larger number of stomata, which are tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange. More stomata means more surface area for gas exchange, which is important for photosynthesis. Therefore, the statement "Stomata sedikit" (few stomata) is incorrect as it contradicts the expected adaptation of having more stomata in low light conditions.

63. Pada fermentasi alkohol didahului dengan … .

pengubahan asam piruvat menjadi asam asetat dan CO2

pengubahan asam piruvat menjadi asam laktat dan O2

pengubahan asam piruvat menjadi asam asetat dan H2O

pengubahan asam asetat menjadi asam piruvat

pengubahan asam asetat menjadi asam piruvat dan CO2

The correct answer is the conversion of pyruvic acid into acetic acid and CO2. During alcohol fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted into acetic acid and CO2 by the action of enzymes. This process is known as pyruvate decarboxylation. Acetic acid is then further converted into ethanol, which is the main product of alcohol fermentation. CO2 is released as a byproduct of this reaction.

Explanation

The correct answer is the conversion of pyruvic acid into acetic acid and CO2. During alcohol fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted into acetic acid and CO2 by the action of enzymes. This process is known as pyruvate decarboxylation. Acetic acid is then further converted into ethanol, which is the main product of alcohol fermentation. CO2 is released as a byproduct of this reaction.

64. Kerjasama antara auksin, sitokinin, dan giberelin berfungsi untuk ... .

memperkecil dominansi apikal

membantu mengatur pembelahan di daerah meristem

menunda pengguguran daun, bunga, dan buah

mengatur pembentukan bunga dan buah

membantu proses pertumbuhan tunas pada kultur jaringan

The cooperation between auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin helps in the growth process of shoots in tissue culture. These three hormones work together to regulate cell division, elongation, and differentiation, which are essential for the development of shoots. They also play a role in promoting the formation of new shoots from meristematic cells. This cooperation ensures the proper growth and development of shoots in tissue culture.

Explanation

The cooperation between auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin helps in the growth process of shoots in tissue culture. These three hormones work together to regulate cell division, elongation, and differentiation, which are essential for the development of shoots. They also play a role in promoting the formation of new shoots from meristematic cells. This cooperation ensures the proper growth and development of shoots in tissue culture.

65. Sebagian besar CO2 dari katabolisme dilepas selama …

glikolisis

siklus krebs

fermentasi asam laktat

transpor elektron

fosforilasi oksidatif

Most of the CO2 from metabolism is released during the Krebs cycle.

Explanation

Most of the CO2 from metabolism is released during the Krebs cycle.

66. Tabel di bawah ini menunjukkan tahapan dan tempat berlangsungnya respirasi aerob. Pasangan yang benar adalah….

	Glikolisis	Dekarboksilasi Oksidatif	Siklus Krebs	Transfer Elektron
A	Sitoplasma	Matriks	Matriks	Krista
B	Sitoplasma	Krista	Matriks	Matriks
C	Matriks	Krista	Sitoplasma	Matriks
D	Matriks	Matriks	Matriks	Sitoplasma
E	Sitoplasma	Matrik s	Matriks	sitoplasma

A

B

C

D

E

The correct answer is A because the table shows the stages and locations of aerobic respiration. The first stage, glycolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. Therefore, the correct pair is A - glycolysis in the cytoplasm.

Explanation

The correct answer is A because the table shows the stages and locations of aerobic respiration. The first stage, glycolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. Therefore, the correct pair is A - glycolysis in the cytoplasm.

67. Fiksasi CO₂ dalam proses fotosintesis dilakukan oleh ... .

Ribulose difosfat

Aldehid fosfogliserat

Asam sitrat

Asam fosfogliserat

Asam piruvat

Ribulose difosfat is responsible for the fixation of CO2 in the process of photosynthesis. It is a key molecule in the Calvin cycle, which is the series of reactions that convert CO2 into organic compounds. Ribulose difosfat combines with CO2 to form an unstable intermediate, which eventually leads to the production of glucose and other sugars. This process is essential for plants to convert atmospheric CO2 into usable energy in the form of carbohydrates.

Explanation

Ribulose difosfat is responsible for the fixation of CO2 in the process of photosynthesis. It is a key molecule in the Calvin cycle, which is the series of reactions that convert CO2 into organic compounds. Ribulose difosfat combines with CO2 to form an unstable intermediate, which eventually leads to the production of glucose and other sugars. This process is essential for plants to convert atmospheric CO2 into usable energy in the form of carbohydrates.

68. Manakah yang merupakan peristiwa awal dari proses fotosintesis?

terurainya CO2

ionisasi CO2

terurainya molekul H2O

terurainya klorofil

teraktivasinya klorofil

The correct answer is "terurainya molekul H2O" (the breakdown of water molecules). This is the initial step in the process of photosynthesis, where water molecules are broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. This breakdown of water provides the necessary electrons and protons for the subsequent reactions in photosynthesis, such as the reduction of carbon dioxide and the production of glucose. Without the breakdown of water, the process of photosynthesis cannot proceed.

Explanation

The correct answer is "terurainya molekul H2O" (the breakdown of water molecules). This is the initial step in the process of photosynthesis, where water molecules are broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. This breakdown of water provides the necessary electrons and protons for the subsequent reactions in photosynthesis, such as the reduction of carbon dioxide and the production of glucose. Without the breakdown of water, the process of photosynthesis cannot proceed.

69. Manakah dari reaksi di bawah ini secara tepat menggambarkan peristiwa katabolisme?

Penyusunan asam amino menjadi protein yang membutuhkan NADH2

Penyusunan basa nitrogen menjadi asam nukleat dengan membutuhkan NADH2

Pemecahan gula menjadi polisakarida dengan mengeluarkan ATP

Pemecahan karbohidrat menjadi CO2 dan H2O yang membutuhkan ATP

Pemecahan karbohidrat menjadi CO2 dan H2O dengan mengeluarkan ATP

The correct answer is "Pemecahan karbohidrat menjadi CO2 dan H2O dengan mengeluarkan ATP". This answer accurately describes the process of catabolism, which involves the breakdown of carbohydrates into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) while releasing ATP. Catabolism is a metabolic process that provides energy for cellular activities by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones. In this case, the breakdown of carbohydrates produces CO2 and H2O as waste products and releases ATP, which can be used as an energy source by the cell.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Pemecahan karbohidrat menjadi CO2 dan H2O dengan mengeluarkan ATP". This answer accurately describes the process of catabolism, which involves the breakdown of carbohydrates into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) while releasing ATP. Catabolism is a metabolic process that provides energy for cellular activities by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones. In this case, the breakdown of carbohydrates produces CO2 and H2O as waste products and releases ATP, which can be used as an energy source by the cell.

70. Yang pertama terbentuk dari proses fiksasi CO2 adalah … .

H2O

ATP

NADPH2

O2

APG

The correct answer is APG. APG stands for adenosine 5'-diphosphoglucose, which is a molecule formed during the process of CO2 fixation. This molecule is important in the Calvin cycle, where it is used as a substrate for the production of glucose and other carbohydrates. It is formed from the combination of ATP and glucose-1-phosphate.

Explanation

The correct answer is APG. APG stands for adenosine 5'-diphosphoglucose, which is a molecule formed during the process of CO2 fixation. This molecule is important in the Calvin cycle, where it is used as a substrate for the production of glucose and other carbohydrates. It is formed from the combination of ATP and glucose-1-phosphate.

71. Pola perkecambahan seperti gambar di bawah ini disebut … .

Perkecambahan hipogaeal pada tanaman dikotil

Perkecambahan epigaeal pada tanaman monokotil

Perkecambahan hipogaeal pada tanaman monokotil

Perkecambahan epigaeal pada tanaman dikotil

Perkecambahan epigaeal dan hipogaeal

The correct answer is "Perkecambahan hipogaeal pada tanaman monokotil". This is because the picture shows the germination process of a monocot plant, where the cotyledon remains below the soil surface during germination. In hipogaeal germination, the cotyledon remains below the ground, while in epigaeal germination, the cotyledon emerges above the ground. Since the picture shows the cotyledon below the ground, it indicates hipogaeal germination, and since the plant is a monocot, the correct answer is "Perkecambahan hipogaeal pada tanaman monokotil".

Explanation

The correct answer is "Perkecambahan hipogaeal pada tanaman monokotil". This is because the picture shows the germination process of a monocot plant, where the cotyledon remains below the soil surface during germination. In hipogaeal germination, the cotyledon remains below the ground, while in epigaeal germination, the cotyledon emerges above the ground. Since the picture shows the cotyledon below the ground, it indicates hipogaeal germination, and since the plant is a monocot, the correct answer is "Perkecambahan hipogaeal pada tanaman monokotil".

72. Spektrum cahaya yang paling banyak diserap klorofil untuk proses fotosintesis adalah ... .

spektrum merah dan hijau

spektrum merah dan biru

spektrum.kuning dan hijau

spektrum merah dan kuning

spketrum merah dan nila

Klorofil adalah pigmen yang terlibat dalam proses fotosintesis pada tumbuhan. Klorofil dapat menyerap energi cahaya untuk digunakan dalam pembuatan makanan. Spektrum cahaya yang paling banyak diserap oleh klorofil adalah spektrum merah dan biru. Ini karena klorofil memiliki kemampuan untuk menyerap energi cahaya dengan panjang gelombang tertentu, dan panjang gelombang merah dan biru adalah yang paling efektif dalam merangsang fotosintesis.

Explanation

Klorofil adalah pigmen yang terlibat dalam proses fotosintesis pada tumbuhan. Klorofil dapat menyerap energi cahaya untuk digunakan dalam pembuatan makanan. Spektrum cahaya yang paling banyak diserap oleh klorofil adalah spektrum merah dan biru. Ini karena klorofil memiliki kemampuan untuk menyerap energi cahaya dengan panjang gelombang tertentu, dan panjang gelombang merah dan biru adalah yang paling efektif dalam merangsang fotosintesis.

73. Perbedaan antara respirasi aerob dan anaerob adalah …

	Respirasi Aerob	Respirasi anaerob
a.	Energi yang dihasilkan kecil	Energi yang dihasilkan besar
b.	Berlangsung di sitoplasma	Berlangsung di mitokondria
c.	Terbentuk CO2, H2O, dan ATP	Terbentuk asam laktat/alkohol dan ATP
d.	Tahapan reaksi lebih sederhana	Tahapan reaksi sangat kompleks
e.	Tidak memerlukan oksigen bebas	Memerlukan oksigen bebas

a

b

c

d

e

Respirasi aerob menghasilkan CO2, H2O, dan ATP, sedangkan respirasi anaerob menghasilkan asam laktat/alkohol dan ATP.

Explanation

Respirasi aerob menghasilkan CO2, H2O, dan ATP, sedangkan respirasi anaerob menghasilkan asam laktat/alkohol dan ATP.

74. Pernyataan yang tidak tepat mengenai gas etilen adalah … .

berfungsi merusak klorofil sehingga menjadi masak

aktivitasnya sangat cepat bila ada oksigen

dapat bekerja pada kolenkima dan sklerenkima untuk memperkokoh batang

bersama auksin dapat mengatur bunga jantan dan betina pada nanas dan mangga

dihasilkan pada pangkal tangkai buah yang sudah tua

The incorrect statement about ethylene gas is that it can regulate male and female flowers in pineapples and mangoes.

Explanation

The incorrect statement about ethylene gas is that it can regulate male and female flowers in pineapples and mangoes.

75. Pernyataan berikut yang bukan merupakan tahapan dalam proses perkecambahan adalah … .

Penyerapan air secara osmosis-difusi

Mengaktifkan enzim amylase dan protease

Meningkatkan metabolisme ATP

Pecahnya kulit biji akibat pembelahan sel embrional

Melunaknya biji akibat proses penyerapan air

The given options describe different stages of the germination process. The correct answer, "Melunaknya biji akibat proses penyerapan air" (Softening of the seed due to water absorption), is not a stage in the germination process. The softening of the seed occurs as a result of water absorption, which is an essential step in the germination process, but it is not considered a distinct stage on its own.

Explanation

The given options describe different stages of the germination process. The correct answer, "Melunaknya biji akibat proses penyerapan air" (Softening of the seed due to water absorption), is not a stage in the germination process. The softening of the seed occurs as a result of water absorption, which is an essential step in the germination process, but it is not considered a distinct stage on its own.

76. Tabel tahapan fotosintesis yang benar adalah….

No	Tahapan	Tempat	Hasil
A	Reaksi terang	Stroma	O2, ATP, NADPH2
B	Reaksi gelap	Grana	Glukosa
C	Pengikatan CO2	Stroma	O2, ATP, NADPH2
D	Pemecahan air	Grana	ATP, O2, NADPH2
E	Pemecahan air	Tilakoid	Glukosa

A

B

C

D

E

The correct answer is D because it states that the breakdown of water occurs in the Grana, resulting in the production of ATP, O2, and NADPH2.

Explanation

The correct answer is D because it states that the breakdown of water occurs in the Grana, resulting in the production of ATP, O2, and NADPH2.

77. Pemberian sungkup plastik mampu meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman. Hal ini disebabkan suhu di sekitar tanaman menjadi stabil. Selain itu, distribusi cahaya pada tanaman menjadi merata. Akibatnya, proses fotosintesis menjadi lebih optimal. Dari semua radiasi matahari yang dipancarkan, cahaya tampak yang digunakan untuk proses fotosintesis. Cahaya tampak terdiri atas spektrum merah, oranye, kuning, hijau, biru, dan violet. Setiap spektrum cahaya mempunyai pengaruh yang berbeda-beda terhadap proses fotosintesis. Hal ini dikarenakan setiap jenis pigmen fotosintesis dapat menyerap spektrum cahaya dengan panjang gelombang berbeda-beda. Permukaan plastik akan meneruskan cahaya sesuai dengan warna plastik tersebut. Misalnya, plastik berwarna biru hanya meneruskan sinar biru. Pigmen-pigmen fotosintesislebih efektif menyerap sinar merah daripada sinar biru. Sementara itu, sinar hijau tidak efektif untuk proses fotosintesis. Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut, Mahmudah ingin melakukan percobaan pada tanaman tomat. Rancangan percobaan disusun sebagai berikut. Kelompok I : tanpa sungkup Kelompok II : sungkup warna merah Kelompok III : sungkup warna biru Kelompok IV : sungkup warna hijau Kelompok V : sungkup bening (tidak berwarna) Hipotesis yang dapat disusun adalah … .

a. Apakah penggunaan sungkup plastik akan memberikan pertumbuhan tomat yang lebih baik?

b. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian sungkup dan warna sungkup plastik terhadap hasil tanaman tomat.

c. warna sungkup plastik terbaik bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat adalah merah

d. cahaya berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman tomat

e. pemberian sungkup dapat menurunkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat

The given answer is c. "warna sungkup plastik terbaik bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat adalah merah". This is because the statement mentions that red light is more effective for photosynthesis compared to blue light. Since the purpose of the experiment is to determine the effect of different colored plastic covers on tomato plants, it can be hypothesized that the red plastic cover will provide the best growth and yield for the tomato plants.

Explanation

The given answer is c. "warna sungkup plastik terbaik bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat adalah merah". This is because the statement mentions that red light is more effective for photosynthesis compared to blue light. Since the purpose of the experiment is to determine the effect of different colored plastic covers on tomato plants, it can be hypothesized that the red plastic cover will provide the best growth and yield for the tomato plants.

78. Berikut ini skema respirasi aerob.

Yang ditunjuk oleh X dan Y secara berurutan adalah ... .

glukosa, siklus Krebs

glukosa, dekarboksilasi oksidatif

glukosa, transport elektron

glikolisis, siklus Krebs

glikolisis, transpor elektron

The correct answer is "glikolisis, transpor elektron". This is because glikolisis refers to the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, which occurs in the cytoplasm. The pyruvate then enters the mitochondria where it undergoes the electron transport chain, also known as the transport elektron, to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, glikolisis and transpor elektron are the correct processes indicated by X and Y in the given scheme of aerobic respiration.

Explanation

The correct answer is "glikolisis, transpor elektron". This is because glikolisis refers to the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, which occurs in the cytoplasm. The pyruvate then enters the mitochondria where it undergoes the electron transport chain, also known as the transport elektron, to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, glikolisis and transpor elektron are the correct processes indicated by X and Y in the given scheme of aerobic respiration.

79. Perhatikan tabel hasil pengamatan pertumbuhan kecambah kacang hijau.

Kecambah	Air	Hormon	Nutrisi	Suhu	Cahaya	Ket. tumbuh
1.	+	+	+	+	+	Subur
2.	+	+	+	–	–	Kurang
3.	+	–	+	–	–	Kurang
4.	+	+	–	+	+	Subur

Berdasarkan data tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa unsur utama yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kecambah adalah ... .

air, hormon dan nutrisi

air, hormon dan cahaya

air, temperatur dan cahaya

hormon, temperatur dan cahaya

hormon, nutrisi dan temperatur

Based on the given data, it can be concluded that the main factors that affect the growth and development of sprouts are air, temperature, and light. This is evident from the observation table where sprouts grew well when all three factors (air, temperature, and light) were present. In the other cases where one or more of these factors were absent, the sprouts grew poorly. Therefore, it can be inferred that air, temperature, and light are the main factors that influence the growth and development of sprouts.

Explanation

Based on the given data, it can be concluded that the main factors that affect the growth and development of sprouts are air, temperature, and light. This is evident from the observation table where sprouts grew well when all three factors (air, temperature, and light) were present. In the other cases where one or more of these factors were absent, the sprouts grew poorly. Therefore, it can be inferred that air, temperature, and light are the main factors that influence the growth and development of sprouts.

80. Berikut adalah fungsi asam absisat, kecuali … .

menyebabkan stomata tertutup untuk mengurangi penguapan

menyebabkan meranggasnya daun pada musim kemarau

menyebabkan dormansi biji

mempercepat pembelahan sel pada jaringan embrional

menghambat pembelahan dan pemanjangan pada titik tumbuh

Asam absisat memiliki peran dalam mengatur respons tanaman terhadap kondisi lingkungan yang tidak menguntungkan, seperti kekeringan. Salah satu respons yang diatur oleh asam absisat adalah penutupan stomata untuk mengurangi penguapan air dari daun. Hal ini membantu tanaman bertahan dalam kondisi kekeringan. Selain itu, asam absisat juga berperan dalam mengatur dormansi biji, memperlambat pembelahan dan pemanjangan pada titik tumbuh, serta mempengaruhi pembelahan sel pada jaringan embrional. Namun, asam absisat tidak menyebabkan meranggasnya daun pada musim kemarau.

Explanation

Asam absisat memiliki peran dalam mengatur respons tanaman terhadap kondisi lingkungan yang tidak menguntungkan, seperti kekeringan. Salah satu respons yang diatur oleh asam absisat adalah penutupan stomata untuk mengurangi penguapan air dari daun. Hal ini membantu tanaman bertahan dalam kondisi kekeringan. Selain itu, asam absisat juga berperan dalam mengatur dormansi biji, memperlambat pembelahan dan pemanjangan pada titik tumbuh, serta mempengaruhi pembelahan sel pada jaringan embrional. Namun, asam absisat tidak menyebabkan meranggasnya daun pada musim kemarau.