Simulasi TOEFL Satu (Jumat, 13 April 2018)
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Text 1 (Number 1 - 11) Even a muddy pond contributes to the ecosystem that affects the environment. A vernal or springtime pool is only a few feet deep and lasts only from March until mid-summer but yields a considerable number of diverse life forms. Like all of nature, there are predators and victims, and a particular living being may be one or the other, de-pending on its age and characteristics. One may find masses of spotted salamander eggs floating just under the surface of the pond, left behind by adults who entered the pond early in the season before predators arrived. Other amphibians and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after year to reproduce, as their ancestors have done for years. Various forms of algae grow well in the murky water, if there is sufficient sunlight. They in turn produce and transmit oxygen to the sala-mander embryos and other young that are not yet able to survive outside of water. Diving beetles feast on eggs and larvae deposited in the pond by the salamanders and other am-phibians that have called it home. Tadpoles are born in the late spring and feed on the algae. The pond also invites wood frogs staking their territory and courting potential mates, calling as loud as quacking ducks. By the end of the short season, the pond dries to spongy mud and then dries further, becoming covered with leaves and debris, until the following spring when the process repeats itself. 1.) The word vernal in the second sentence means most nearly the same as ...
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Springtime
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Pool
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Deep
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Transitory
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Quiz Preview
- 2.
What is the author’s purpose stated in the first sentence: Even a muddy pond contributes to the ecosystem that affects the environment?
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To explain that a vernal pool is very muddy
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To describe how the vernal pool fits into the larger environmental picture
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To explain that mud is important to the environment
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To show how algae grows
Correct Answer
A. To describe how the vernal pool fits into the larger environmental pictureExplanation
The author's purpose stated in the first sentence is to describe how the vernal pool fits into the larger environmental picture. The mention of a muddy pond contributing to the ecosystem and affecting the environment suggests that the author wants to emphasize the importance of the vernal pool and its role in the overall environmental balance.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The word yields in the third sentence means most nearly the same as . . .
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produces
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contributes to
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kills
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harms
Correct Answer
A. producesExplanation
The word "yields" in the third sentence means "produces" because it refers to the result or output of something. When something yields, it produces or generates a particular outcome or result.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The word diverse in the third sentence means most nearly the same as ...
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distinct
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living
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numerous
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primitive
Correct Answer
A. distinctExplanation
A: distinct. Diverse means “different.”Rate this question:
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- 5.
The word its in the fifth sentence refers to ...
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predator
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pond
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living being
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nature
Correct Answer
A. living beingExplanation
C: living being. The sentence states: Like all of nature, there are predators
and victims, and a particular living being may be one or the other, depending
on its age and characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which sentence in the first paragraph indicates that a young life form might be prey to an older life form?
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A vernal or springtime pool is only a few feet deep and lasts only from March until midsummer but yields a considerable number of diverse life forms.
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Like all of nature, there are predators and victims, and a particular living being may be one or the other, depending on its age and characteristics.
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One may find masses of spotted salamander eggs floating just under the surface of the pond, left behind by adults who entered the pond early in the season before predators arrived.
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Other amphibians and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after year to reproduce, as their ancestors have done for years.
Correct Answer
A. Like all of nature, there are predators and victims, and a particular living being may be one or the other, depending on its age and characteristics.Explanation
B: Like all of nature, there are predators and victims, and a particular living
being may be one or the other, depending on its age and characteristics. This
sentence means that something that lives in the pond may sometimes kill
older or younger victims and may sometimes be a victim itself.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which sentence in the first paragraph indicates that life forms continue to act in the same way as the same life forms did previously?
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A vernal or springtime pool is only a few feet deep and lasts only from March until midsummer but yields a considerable number of diverse life forms.
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Like all of nature, there are predators and victims, and a particular living being may be one or the other, depending on its age and characteristics.
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One may find masses of spotted salamander eggs floating just under the surface of the pond, left behind by adults who entered the pond early in the season before predators arrived.
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Other amphibians and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after year to reproduce, as their ancestors have done for years.
Correct Answer
A. Other amphibians and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after year to reproduce, as their ancestors have done for years.Explanation
D: Other amphibians and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after year
to reproduce, as their ancestors have done for years.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The word murky in the first sentence of the second paragraph means most nearly the same as ...
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clear.
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cloudy.
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cold.
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life-producing. life-producing. life-producing.
Correct Answer
A. cloudy.Explanation
B: cloudy. This means the same as “not clear.”Rate this question:
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- 9.
The word they in the second sentence of paragraph two refers to ...
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salamander embryos.
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young.
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Forms of algae
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Sunlight
Correct Answer
A. Forms of algaeExplanation
C: forms of algae.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following does the author imply in the first two sentences of paragraph two?
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The life forms in the pool live in water their entire lives.
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Some of the life forms live in water first and later on land.
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The life forms found in the pool do not require oxygen to live.
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Algae is strictly a food source.
Correct Answer
A. Some of the life forms live in water first and later on land.Explanation
B: Some of the life forms live in water first and later on land. The sentence
states that the forms of algae produce and transmit oxygen to the salamander
embryos and other young that are not yet able to survive outside of water. By
saying that the embryos and other young are not yet able means that at some
time they will be able to survive outside of water.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The word recurrent in the last sentence of paragraph one means most nearly the same as ...
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moving.
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recurring.
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stagnant.
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warm.
Correct Answer
A. recurring.Explanation
The word "recurrent" in the last sentence of paragraph one means that something is happening repeatedly or happening again. It is similar in meaning to "recurring," which means something that occurs repeatedly or happens over and over again.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Text 2 (Number 12 - 24) Scientists have experimented with a new procedure for alleviating the damage caused by strokes. Strokes are frequently caused by a blood clot lodging in the tree of arteries in the head, choking the flow of blood. Some brain cells die as a direct result of the stroke, but others also die over several hours be-cause the proteins spilling out of the first cells that die trigger a chemical chain reac-tion that kills the neighboring cells. The current method of reducing the amount of damage is to give a clot dissolver, known as TPA, as soon as possible. But generally TPA is not given to the patient until he or she reaches the hospital, and it still does not im-mediately stop the damage. The new technology, still in the research stage, involves chilling the area or the entire patient. It is already known that when an or-gan is cooled, damage is slowed. This is why sometimes a person who has fallen into an icy pond is not significantly harmed after be-ing warmed up again. The biggest issue is the method of cooling. It is not feasible to chill the head alone. Doctors have chilled the en-tire body by wrapping the patient in cold ma-terials, but extreme shivering was a problem. The new idea is to cool the patient from the inside out. Several companies are studying the use of cold-tipped catheters, inserted into the artery in the groin and threaded up to the inferior vena cava, which is a large vein that supplies blood to the abdomen. The catheter is expected to cool the blood that flows over it, thus allowing cooler blood to reach the area of the stroke damage. It is not expected that the cooling will be substantial, but even a slight decrease in temperature is thought to be helpful. In effect, the patient is given a kind of forced hypothermia. And doctors believe it is important to keep the patient awake so that they can converse with the patient in order to ascertain mental condition. Studies continue to determine the most ef-fective and least damaging means of cooling the patient in order to reduce this damage. 12.) The word alleviating in the first sentence is closest in meaning to ...
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reducing.
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devastating.
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causing.
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increasing.
Correct Answer
A. reducing.Explanation
A: reducing. Generally the word means “avoiding” or “making not necessary.”
Here, the closest definition is reducing.Rate this question:
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- 13.
According to the passage, the method of chilling from the inside out is being considered for all of the following reasons except ...
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it is not possible to chill the head alone.
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chilling from the inside out avoids shaking.
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cold dissolves blood clots.
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drugs are not helpful in stopping the chain reaction.
Correct Answer
A. cold dissolves blood clots.Explanation
C: cold dissolves blood clots. Applying cold has certain benefits, but
nowhere is it stated that it dissolves the blood clots.Rate this question:
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- 14.
According to the passage, what causes a stroke?
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A blood clot sticking in an area of the brain
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Low blood flow
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Hot blood
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A patient choking on food
Correct Answer
A. A blood clot sticking in an area of the brainExplanation
A: A blood clot sticking in an area of the brain.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The word shivering in the last sentence of the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ...
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shaking.
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delirious.
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sick.
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dying.
Correct Answer
A. shaking.Explanation
A: shaking. To shiver is to shake with cold.Rate this question:
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- 16.
According to the passage, all of the following are true except that
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some cells die immediately when a person has a stroke, and others die later.
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cells die only as a direct result of the stroke
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the protein from dead cells kills other cells.
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TPA is effective in removing blood clots.
Correct Answer
A. cells die only as a direct result of the strokeExplanation
B: cells die only as a direct result of the stroke. This is really the opposite of
the first answer choice, which is the correct statement.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What is the passage mainly about?
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Causes and effects of strokes
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New pharmaceutical methods for reducing stroke damage that are being researched
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A new method of cooling the body to reduce stroke damage that is being researched
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The dangers of cooling the body
Correct Answer
A. A new method of cooling the body to reduce stroke damage that is being researchedExplanation
C: A new method of cooling the body to reduce stroke damage that is being
researched. B is incorrect because it refers to use of drugs.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The word substantial in the fifth paragraph is closest in meaning to
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considerable.
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slight.
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unsubstantiated.
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effective.
Correct Answer
A. considerable.Explanation
A: considerable. Both words mean “to a great degree.”Rate this question:
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- 19.
In the passage, the author implies that
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the internal chilling process has not been proven yet.
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drug therapy properly addresses all the problems of stroke victims.
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chilling the head alone is viable.
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nothing is likely to reduce the chain reaction problem.
Correct Answer
A. the internal chilling process has not been proven yet.Explanation
A: the internal chilling process has not been proven yet. The other answer
choices are statements made in the reading passage.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The author describes a person falling into cold water in order to
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evoke sympathy.
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show that cooling a body does not necessarily harm it.
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show how one who falls into cold water could also benefit from the internal chilling research.
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describe the warming process.
Correct Answer
A. show that cooling a body does not necessarily harm it.Explanation
B: show that cooling a body does not necessarily harm it.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The author implies that
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the catheter is moved all the way to the brain.
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the artery in the leg connects directly to the brain.
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the artery in the leg connects to the vena cava. the artery in the leg connects to the vena cava. the artery in the leg connects to the vena cava.
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the goal is to chill the brain directly with the catheter.
Correct Answer
A. the artery in the leg connects to the vena cava. the artery in the leg connects to the vena cava. the artery in the leg connects to the vena cava.Explanation
C: the artery in the leg connects to the vena cava. The passage indicates that
the catheter is inserted only to the vena cava.Rate this question:
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- 22.
When the author states that the catheter is threaded to the vena cava, the author means that
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the catheter is sewn to the vena cava.
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the catheter is inserted into the body at the vena cava area.
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the catheter becomes attached to the vena cava because of the cold.
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the doctor moves the catheter slowly through the artery to the vena cava.
Correct Answer
A. the doctor moves the catheter slowly through the artery to the vena cava.Explanation
D: the doctor moves the catheter slowly through the artery to the vena cava.
The author explains that the catheter is inserted in the groin area and moved
to the vena cava area. Threaded just means moved slowly along the vein towards
the destination.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The author implies that hypothermia is caused by
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the body becoming cold.
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A stroke
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the body becoming warm.
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drugs.
Correct Answer
A. the body becoming cold.Explanation
A: the body becoming cold. Hypothermia means the condition of the body
when exposed to extreme cold.Rate this question:
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- 24.
According to the passage, doctors prefer to keep the patient awake in order to
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monitor vital signs with equipment.
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watch the patient.
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talk to the patient.
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find out if the procedure is painful.
Correct Answer
A. talk to the patient.Explanation
C: talk to the patient.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Text 3 (Number 25 - 37) Bees, classified into over 10,000 species, are insects found in almost every part of the world except the northernmost and southern-most regions. One commonly known species is the honeybee, the only bee that produces honey and wax. Humans use the wax in mak-ing candles, lipsticks, and other products, and they use the honey as a food. While gathering the nectar and pollen with which they make honey, bees are simultaneously helping to fertilize the flowers on which they land. Many fruits and vegetables would not survive if bees did not carry the pollen from blossom to blossom. Bees live in a structured environment and social structure within a hive, which is a nest with storage space for the honey. The differ-ent types of bees each perform a unique function. The worker bee carries nectar to the hive in a special stomach called a honey stomach. Other workers make beeswax and shape it into a honeycomb, which is a water-proof mass of six-sided compartments, or cells. The queen lays eggs in completed cells. As the workers build more cells, the queen lays more eggs. All workers, like the queen, are female, but the workers are smaller than the queen. The male honeybees are called drones; they do no work and cannot sting. They are devel-oped from unfertilized eggs, and their only job is to impregnate a queen. The queen must be fertilized in order to lay worker eggs. During the season when less honey is available and the drone is of no further use, the workers block the drones from eating the honey so that they will starve to death. 25.) Which of the following is the best title for this reading?
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Which of the following is the best title for this reading? The Many Species of Bees
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The Useless Drone
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The Honeybee — Its Characteristics and Usefulness
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Making Honey
Correct Answer
A. The Honeybee — Its Characteristics and UsefulnessExplanation
C: The Honeybee — Its Characteristics and Usefulness. A is too broad and
the B and D too narrow.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The word species in the first sentence is closest in meaning to
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mates.
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varieties.
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killers.
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enemies.
Correct Answer
A. varieties.Explanation
B: varieties.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The word which in the fourth sentence refers to
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fertilizer.
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flowers.
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honey.
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bees.
Correct Answer
A. flowers.Explanation
B: flowers.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The word simultaneously in the fourth sentence is closest in meaning to
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stubbornly.
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concurrently.
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skillfully.
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diligently.
Correct Answer
A. concurrently.Explanation
B: concurrently, which means happening at the same time.Rate this question:
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- 29.
According to the passage, a hive is
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a type of honey.
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a nest.
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a type of bee.
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a storage space.
Correct Answer
A. a nest.Explanation
B: a nest. The passage states: Bees live in a structured environment and social
structure within a hive, which is a nest with storage space for the honey.Rate this question:
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- 30.
According to the passage, the drone
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collects less honey than workers.
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mates with the queen and has no other purpose.
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comes from eggs fertilized by other drones.
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can be male or female.
Correct Answer
A. mates with the queen and has no other purpose.Explanation
B: mates with the queen and has no other purpose. The author states: The
male honeybees are called drones . . . their only job is to impregnate a queen.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The author implies that
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bees are unnecessary in the food chain.
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drones are completely dispensable.
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the queen can be a worker.
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drones are never females.
Correct Answer
A. drones are never females.Explanation
D: drones are never females. Drones impregnate the queen, so they must be
male.Rate this question:
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- 32.
According to the passage, honey is carried to the hive in a honey stomach by the
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Queens
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drones.
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males.
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workers.
Correct Answer
A. workers.Explanation
D: workers. This is clearly stated in the passage in the sentence: The worker
bee carries nectar to the hive in a special stomach called a honey stomach.Rate this question:
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- 33.
In what way does the reading imply that bees are useful in nature?
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They pollinate fruit and vegetable plants.
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They make marvelous creations from wax.
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They kill the dangerous drones.
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They create storage spaces.
Correct Answer
A. They pollinate fruit and vegetable plants.Explanation
A: They pollinate fruit and vegetable plants. The reading passage states that
when bees carry pollen from one plant to the next, they fertilize the flowers.Rate this question:
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- 34.
All of the following are characteristic of a honeycomb except
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it contains hexagonal sections.
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it is made of honey.
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it is made of wax.
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it is impermeable
Correct Answer
A. it is made of honey.Explanation
B: it is made of honey. The author states the honeycomb is made of wax, has
six-sided compartments, and is waterproof.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The passage implies that bees can be found in each of the following parts of the world except
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Africa.
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China.
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Europe.
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Antarctica.
Correct Answer
A. Antarctica.Explanation
D: Antarctica. The first sentence of the passage states that bees can be found
in every part of the world except the northernmost and southernmost areas.Rate this question:
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- 36.
It can be inferred from the reading that beeswax is
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absorbent.
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pliable.
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complex in structure.
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Sweet
Correct Answer
A. pliable.Explanation
B: pliable. The passage states that workers make beeswax and shape it into a
honeycomb. If it can be shaped, it is pliable, or easy to mold.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Text 4 (Number 37 - 47) Diabetes Mellitus is a disorder of carbohy-drate metabolism resulting from insufficient production of insulin or reduced sensitivity to insulin. A polypeptide hormone, insulin is synthesized in the pancreas and is necessary for normal utilization of glucose by most cells in the body. People with diabetes suffer an inhibition in the normal ability of body cells to use glucose, which results in in-creased blood sugar levels. As more glucose accumulates in the blood, excess levels of sugar are excreted in the urine. There are two varieties of the disease, Type 1 and Type 2. The two types were previously designated by Roman numerals, but now Arabic numerals are used; for example, Type
- now known as Type 2. Type 1 was for-merly referred to as juvenile onset diabetes, but it can occur at any age. In Type 1 dia-betes, insulin is not secreted by the pancreas, so it must be injected. Th type of diabetes is most often seen in people whose parents, siblings, or other close relatives are affected by the disease.
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a hormone.
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a drug.
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a disease.
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an organ.
Correct Answer
A. a hormone.Explanation
A: a hormone. The second sentence of paragraph one states: A polypeptide
hormone, insulin is synthesized . . . . The sentence begins with an appositive,
and the phrase following it refers to the same subject.Rate this question:
- 38.
The word excreted in the last sentence of paragraph one means most nearly the same as
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eliminated.
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ingested.
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utilized.
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inserted.
Correct Answer
A. eliminated.Explanation
A: eliminated. This means that sugar leaves the body through the urine.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The word previously in the second paragraph means most nearly the same as
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occur.
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formerly.
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designated.
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used.
Correct Answer
A. formerly.Explanation
B: formerly. Previously and formerly mean the same thing.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The word it in the fourth sentence of paragraph two refers to
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insulin.
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Type 1 diabetes.
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Type 2 diabetes.
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pancreas.
Correct Answer
A. insulin.Explanation
A: insulin.Rate this question:
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- 41.
According to the passage, insulin is produced
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in the pancreas.
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in tissue.
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in hormones.
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in glucose.
Correct Answer
A. in the pancreas.Explanation
A: in the pancreas. The passage states that the pancreas is the site of insulin
production.Rate this question:
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- 42.
The word sluggish in the third paragraph means most nearly the same as
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accelerated.
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excreted.
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normal.
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slow.
Correct Answer
A. slow.Explanation
D: slow.Rate this question:
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- 43.
The word obese in the last sentence of paragraph three means most nearly the same as
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severely overweight.
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diabetic.
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suffering from high blood pressure.
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active.
Correct Answer
A. severely overweight.Explanation
A: severely overweight.Rate this question:
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- 44.
What is a suitable title for this passage?
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Treatment of Diabetes
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An Overview of Diabetes
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Juvenile Diabetes — a Killer
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How to Diagnose Diabetes
Correct Answer
A. An Overview of DiabetesExplanation
B: An Overview of Diabetes. The other answers are too particular, whereas
the article is general in nature.Rate this question:
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- 45.
The author distinguishes between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes to describe how
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one affects only juveniles and the other affects only adults.
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the symptoms and treatment are different.
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the two types are extremely similar to each other.
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The understanding of the disease has improved over time.
Correct Answer
A. the symptoms and treatment are different.Explanation
B: the symptoms and treatment are different. The other answer choices do not
show why the author makes a distinction between the two types.Rate this question:
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- 46.
All of the following are correct except that
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Type 2 diabetes is much more common than Type 1.
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both types of diabetes are hereditary to some extent.
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Type 2 results from a lack of secretion of insulin.
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diabetes is treatable.
Correct Answer
A. Type 2 results from a lack of secretion of insulin.Explanation
C: Type 2 results from a lack of secretion of insulin. This is not a correct
statement because that is the description of Type 1 diabetes. The passage
states that Type 2 results from sluggish . . . insulin secretion, not a lack of
secretion.Rate this question:
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- 47.
It can be inferred from the passage that
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amputation is the most common treatment for diabetes.
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Type 1 sufferers are generally not overweight.
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the symptoms of diabetes are always severe.
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too much insulin is secreted in Type 1 diabetes.
Correct Answer
A. Type 1 sufferers are generally not overweight.Explanation
B: Type 1 sufferers are generally not overweight. The passage indicates that
Type 2 sufferers are often obese, but it does not mention obesity in regard to
Type 1 patients.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Text 5 (Number 48 - 50) Hummingbirds are small, often brightly col-ored birds of the family Trochilidae that live exclusively in the Americas. About 12 species are found in North America, but only the ruby-throated hummingbird breeds in eastern North America and is found from Nova Scotia to Florida. The greatest variety and number of species are found in South America. Another hummingbird species is found from southeastern Alaska to northern California. Many hummingbirds are minute. But even the giant hummingbird found in western South America, which is the largest known hummingbird, is only about 8 inches long and weighs about two-thirds of an ounce. The smallest species, the bee hummingbird of Cuba and the Isle of Pines, measures slightly more than 5.5 centimeters and weighs about two grams. Hummingbirds’ bodies are compact, with strong muscles. They have wings shaped like blades. Unlike the wings of other birds, hummingbird wings connect to the body only at the shoulder joint, which allows them to fly not only forward but also straight up and down, sideways, and backward. Because of their unusual wings, hummingbirds can also hover in front of flowers so they can suck nectar and find insects. The humming-bird’s bill, adapted for securing nectar from certain types of flowers, is usually rather long and always slender, and it is curved slightly downward in many species. The hummingbird’s body feathers are sparse and more like scales than feathers. The unique character of the feathers produces brilliant and iridescent colors, resulting from the refraction of light by the feathers. Pigmentation of other feathers also con-tributes to the unique color and look. Male and female hummingbirds look alike in some species but different in most species; males of most species are extremely colorful. The rate at which a hummingbird beats its wings does not vary, regardless of whether it is flying forward, flying in another direction, or merely hovering. But the rate does vary with the size of the bird — the larger the bird, the lower the rate, ranging from 80 beats per second for the smallest species to 10 times per second for larger species. Researchers have not yet been able to record the speed of the wings of the bee humming-bird but imagine that they beat even faster. Most hummingbirds, especially the smaller species, emit scratchy, twittering, or squeaky sounds. The wings, and sometimes the tail feathers, often produce humming, hissing, or popping sounds, which apparently function much as do the songs of other birds. 48.) According to the passage, where are hummingbirds found?
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Throughout the world
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In South America only
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In North America only
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In North and South America
Correct Answer
A. In North and South AmericaExplanation
D: In North and South America. This is explained in the first paragraph.Rate this question:
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- 49.
The author indicates that the ruby-throated hummingbird is found
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throughout North America.
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in California.
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in South America.
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in the eastern part of North America.
Correct Answer
A. in the eastern part of North America.Explanation
D: in the eastern part of North America. This is explained in the first
paragraph.Rate this question:
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