Biology Final - Humans
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Biology Final - Humans
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The pacemaker of the heart is:
- A.
Atrioventricular valve
- B.
Atrioventricular node
- C.
Sinoatrial node
- D.
Semilunar valve
Correct Answer
C. Sinoatrial nodeExplanation
The sinoatrial (SA) node is often referred to as the pacemaker of the heart because it is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm. Located in the right atrium, the SA node generates electrical signals that travel through the atria, causing them to contract and pump blood into the ventricles. From there, the impulses are conducted to the atrioventricular (AV) node, which acts as a relay station, allowing a slight delay before transmitting the signals to the ventricles. The SA node's ability to spontaneously generate these electrical impulses makes it the primary pacemaker of the heart.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide returns to which chamber of the heart?
- A.
Left atrium
- B.
Left ventricle
- C.
Right atrium
- D.
Right ventricle
Correct Answer
C. Right atriumExplanation
Blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide returns to the right atrium of the heart. After circulating through the body, oxygen-depleted blood enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava. From the right atrium, it then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, which pumps the blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Therefore, the correct answer is right atrium.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The chambers that pump blod out of the heart are the:
- A.
Atria
- B.
Ventricles
- C.
Aorta
- D.
Pulmonary trunk
Correct Answer
B. VentriclesExplanation
The correct answer is ventricles. The ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart that are responsible for pumping blood out of the heart. They receive blood from the atria and then contract to push the blood out into the arteries. The aorta and pulmonary trunk are both arteries that receive blood from the ventricles and carry it to different parts of the body.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The fibers in the matrix of connective tissue are made of
- A.
Carbohydrates
- B.
Proteins
- C.
Nucleic acids
- D.
Lipids
Correct Answer
B. ProteinsExplanation
The fibers in the matrix of connective tissue are made of proteins. Connective tissue is composed of cells and extracellular matrix, which consists of fibers embedded in a ground substance. These fibers provide structural support and elasticity to the tissue. Proteins such as collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers are the main components of these fibers. They give connective tissue its strength and flexibility, allowing it to withstand mechanical stress and maintain its shape. Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids do not play a significant role in the formation of these fibers.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The primary function of the circulatory system is to:
- A.
Pump blood
- B.
Stay alive
- C.
Stop bleeding
- D.
Transport materials from one part of the body to another
Correct Answer
D. Transport materials from one part of the body to anotherExplanation
The circulatory system is responsible for transporting materials, such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products, from one part of the body to another. It does this by pumping blood throughout the body, delivering these essential substances to cells and tissues, and removing waste products for excretion. The circulatory system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the proper functioning of all organs and systems in the body.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The portion of the blood that is fluid and acellular is:
- A.
Plasma
- B.
Protein
- C.
Protein
- D.
Formed elements
Correct Answer
A. PlasmaExplanation
Plasma is the correct answer because it is the fluid component of blood that is acellular, meaning it does not contain any cells. Plasma is a yellowish liquid that makes up about 55% of blood volume and contains various substances such as water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and waste products. It plays a crucial role in transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body, maintaining blood pressure, and regulating body temperature.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Neuroglia cells belong to which of the following tissues?
- A.
Epithelial tissue
- B.
Nervous tissue
- C.
Connective tissue
- D.
Muscle tissue
Correct Answer
B. Nervous tissueExplanation
Neuroglia cells belong to the nervous tissue. Neuroglia cells are a type of supportive cells found in the nervous system. They provide support, insulation, and protection to the neurons, which are the functional cells of the nervous system. Neuroglia cells do not conduct electrical impulses like neurons, but they play a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and functioning of the nervous system. Therefore, they are classified as part of the nervous tissue.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Blood, bone, and cartilage are example of:
- A.
Epithelial tissue
- B.
Connective tissue
- C.
Nervous tissue
- D.
Muscle tissue
Correct Answer
B. Connective tissueExplanation
Blood, bone, and cartilage are examples of connective tissue. Connective tissue is a type of tissue that connects, supports, and protects different structures in the body. It is characterized by having cells scattered within an extracellular matrix, which can be solid, liquid, or gel-like. Blood is a connective tissue that transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body. Bone is a connective tissue that provides support, protection, and mineral storage. Cartilage is a connective tissue that cushions and supports various structures, such as joints and the nose.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following is NOT considered a basic tissue type?
- A.
Epithelial tissue
- B.
Cartilage tissue
- C.
Nervous tissue
- D.
Muscle tissue
Correct Answer
B. Cartilage tissueExplanation
Cartilage tissue is not considered a basic tissue type because it is a specialized type of connective tissue. The basic tissue types are epithelial, nervous, and muscle tissue. Epithelial tissue covers and lines body surfaces, while nervous tissue is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body. Muscle tissue is involved in movement and contraction. On the other hand, cartilage tissue is found in areas such as the joints and provides structural support and flexibility.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The three types of muscles are:
- A.
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
- B.
Smooth, cardiac, and involuntary
- C.
Skeletal, voluntary, and cardiac
- D.
Skeletal, cardiac, and ridged
Correct Answer
A. Skeletal, smooth, and cardiacExplanation
The correct answer is skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. These are the three types of muscles found in the human body. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and allow for voluntary movement. Smooth muscles are found in the walls of organs and blood vessels, and they are responsible for involuntary movements like digestion. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart and are also involuntary, allowing for the contraction and relaxation of the heart to pump blood.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The different types of epithelia are named according to
- A.
Cell size
- B.
Location
- C.
Cell shape and arrangement of layers
- D.
Cell shape and location in the body
Correct Answer
C. Cell shape and arrangement of layersExplanation
Epithelial tissues are classified based on the shape of their cells and the arrangement of their layers. The shape can be squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), or columnar (column-shaped). The arrangement of layers can be simple (single layer) or stratified (multiple layers). This classification system helps to describe and identify different types of epithelia based on their structural characteristics. The size of the cells and their location in the body are not the primary factors used to name the different types of epithelia.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The heart and the blood vessels are seperate organs that form the
- A.
Skeltal system
- B.
Reproductive system
- C.
Circulatory system
- D.
Digestive system
Correct Answer
C. Circulatory systemExplanation
The heart and the blood vessels work together to circulate blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removing waste products. This process is essential for maintaining the body's overall function and homeostasis. Therefore, the heart and blood vessels form the circulatory system.Rate this question:
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- 13.
A group of related organs that have a common function is called a(n)
- A.
System
- B.
Tissue
- C.
Group
- D.
Organism
Correct Answer
A. SystemExplanation
A group of related organs that have a common function is called a system. This term refers to a collection of organs working together to perform specific functions in the body. Each organ within the system plays a role in carrying out the overall function. Examples of systems in the human body include the respiratory system, circulatory system, and digestive system.Rate this question:
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- 14.
From the smallest function units to the largest, the body is organized as follows:
- A.
Cell, system, organ, tissue, body
- B.
System, organ, tissue, cell, body
- C.
Organ, cell, tissue, system, body
- D.
Cell, tissue, organ, system, body
Correct Answer
D. Cell, tissue, organ, system, bodyExplanation
The organization of the body starts with the smallest functional unit, which is the cell. Cells group together to form tissues, and different types of tissues combine to form organs. Organs work together to form systems, and all the systems together make up the entire body. This sequence follows a logical progression from the smallest to the largest units of organization in the body.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Goblet cells are found in whcih of the following tissues?
- A.
Nervous tissue
- B.
Epithelium
- C.
Muscle tissue
- D.
Connective tissue
Correct Answer
B. EpitheliumExplanation
Goblet cells are found in epithelium. Epithelium is a type of tissue that lines the surfaces of organs, cavities, and tubes throughout the body. Goblet cells are specialized cells within the epithelium that secrete mucus. They are typically found in the respiratory and digestive tracts, where they play a role in protecting and lubricating the surfaces of these organs.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Blood belongs to which major tissue type?
- A.
Nervous
- B.
Epithelial
- C.
Muscle
- D.
Connective
Correct Answer
D. ConnectiveExplanation
Blood belongs to the major tissue type called connective tissue. Connective tissue is characterized by its abundance of extracellular matrix, which is made up of various fibers and ground substance. Blood is a connective tissue because it consists of cells suspended in a liquid matrix called plasma. The cells in blood include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Connective tissue is responsible for providing support, connecting and protecting organs, and transporting substances throughout the body, which aligns with the functions of blood.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The tissue that is highly specialized for contraction is
- A.
Nervous
- B.
Epithelial
- C.
Muscle
- D.
Connective
Correct Answer
C. MuscleExplanation
Muscle tissue is highly specialized for contraction. It is composed of long, cylindrical cells called muscle fibers that have the ability to contract and generate force. Muscle tissue is responsible for movement in the body, including voluntary movements controlled by the skeletal muscles and involuntary movements controlled by smooth and cardiac muscles. Nervous tissue is specialized for transmitting electrical signals, epithelial tissue for covering and lining body surfaces, and connective tissue for providing support and connecting different structures in the body.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Smooth muscle can be found:
- A.
Attached to the skeleton
- B.
In the wrist bones
- C.
At the knee joint
- D.
In internal organs
Correct Answer
D. In internal organsExplanation
Smooth muscle can be found in internal organs. Smooth muscle is responsible for the involuntary movements of the internal organs, such as the contraction and relaxation of the walls of the stomach, intestines, bladder, and blood vessels. This type of muscle is not attached to the skeleton like skeletal muscle, and it is not found in the wrist bones or at the knee joint.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs is called:
- A.
Pulmonary circulation
- B.
Systemic circulation
- C.
Coronary circulation
- D.
Renal circulation
Correct Answer
A. Pulmonary circulationExplanation
Pulmonary circulation refers to the circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs and back. In this process, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood then returns to the left side of the heart to be pumped out to the rest of the body through systemic circulation. Coronary circulation refers to the circulation of blood within the heart muscle itself, while renal circulation refers to the circulation of blood through the kidneys.Rate this question:
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- 20.
When blood returns to the heart, it returns to the:
- A.
Atria
- B.
Ventricles
- C.
Aorta
- D.
Pulmonary trunk
Correct Answer
A. AtriaExplanation
When blood returns to the heart, it first enters the atria. The atria are the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body (in the right atrium) and from the lungs (in the left atrium). The atria then contract to push the blood into the ventricles, which are the lower chambers of the heart. From the ventricles, the blood is pumped out of the heart into either the aorta (which carries oxygenated blood to the body) or the pulmonary trunk (which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs). Therefore, the correct answer is atria.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which type of formed element has a nucleus?
- A.
White blood cell
- B.
Red blood cell
- C.
Platelet
- D.
Erythrocyte
Correct Answer
A. White blood cellExplanation
White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are the formed elements in the blood that have a nucleus. Unlike red blood cells (erythrocytes) and platelets, white blood cells contain a nucleus, which is a characteristic feature of these cells. The presence of a nucleus allows white blood cells to carry out various important functions in the immune system, such as fighting off infections and foreign substances in the body.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The tissue lining body cavities is the
- A.
Epithelial
- B.
Connective
- C.
Nervous
- D.
Muscle
Correct Answer
A. EpithelialExplanation
Epithelial tissue lines the body cavities, providing a protective barrier and regulating the exchange of substances between the body and its surroundings. It is composed of tightly packed cells that are closely connected, forming a continuous sheet. Epithelial tissue can be found in various organs and structures throughout the body, such as the skin, respiratory tract, and digestive system. Its main functions include absorption, secretion, and protection.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The cells that are involved with defense and immunity are:
- A.
Leukocytes
- B.
Erythrocytes
- C.
Platelets
- D.
Red blood cells
Correct Answer
A. LeukocytesExplanation
Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are involved with defense and immunity in the body. They play a crucial role in protecting the body against pathogens, foreign substances, and infections. Leukocytes are responsible for identifying and destroying harmful microorganisms, producing antibodies, and coordinating immune responses. Unlike erythrocytes (red blood cells) and platelets, which are primarily involved in oxygen transport and blood clotting respectively, leukocytes are specialized immune cells that actively participate in the body's immune defense system.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are:
- A.
Capillaries
- B.
Veins
- C.
Arteries
- D.
Venules
Correct Answer
C. ArteriesExplanation
Arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They have thick, elastic walls that help to withstand the high pressure of blood being pumped from the heart. Arteries branch out into smaller arterioles, which further divide into capillaries where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with tissues. Veins, on the other hand, carry blood back to the heart, while venules are smaller branches of veins.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The "enzyme that doesn't work" in gastric juice is
- A.
HCl
- B.
Mucus
- C.
Pepsinogen
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. PepsinogenExplanation
Pepsinogen is the correct answer because it is an inactive form of the enzyme pepsin. Pepsinogen is secreted by the gastric glands in the stomach and is activated by the acidic environment created by HCl. Once activated, pepsinogen converts into pepsin, which is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach. HCl, on the other hand, is not an enzyme but a strong acid that helps create an optimal environment for pepsinogen activation. Mucus is a protective substance secreted by the stomach lining to prevent damage from the acidic gastric juice.Rate this question:
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- 26.
What increases the surface area of the small intestine?
- A.
Villi
- B.
Intestinal crypt
- C.
Lumen
- D.
Duodenal glands
Correct Answer
A. VilliExplanation
Villi are finger-like projections found on the inner lining of the small intestine. These structures significantly increase the surface area of the small intestine. The increased surface area allows for more efficient absorption of nutrients from digested food. Each villus contains blood vessels and lymphatic vessels that help transport absorbed nutrients into the bloodstream. Therefore, the presence of villi is crucial for the proper functioning of the small intestine in the absorption of nutrients.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which of the following elements dissolve in blood?
- A.
Oxygen
- B.
Carbon Dioxide
- C.
Ammonia
- D.
Carbon
Correct Answer
B. Carbon DioxideExplanation
Carbon dioxide dissolves in blood because it is a waste product produced by cells during cellular respiration. It diffuses across cell membranes and into the bloodstream, where it combines with water to form carbonic acid. Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions, which can be transported in the blood to the lungs for elimination through exhalation. This process helps regulate the pH of the blood and maintain homeostasis in the body.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following is NOT an activity that occurs in the nephron?
- A.
Fillration
- B.
Tubular Reabsorbtion
- C.
Tubular Secretion
- D.
Tubular Excretion
Correct Answer
D. Tubular ExcretionExplanation
Tubular excretion is not an activity that occurs in the nephron. The nephron is responsible for the filtration of blood, reabsorption of important substances, and secretion of waste products. Filtration occurs at the glomerulus, where small molecules are filtered out of the blood into the renal tubules. Tubular reabsorption then takes place, where useful substances like water, glucose, and ions are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. Tubular secretion involves the active transport of substances from the blood into the renal tubules. However, tubular excretion refers to the elimination of waste products directly from the renal tubules into the urine, which does not occur in the nephron.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The long tubule at the end of the nephron is the:
- A.
Bowman's capsule
- B.
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
- C.
Loop of Henle
- D.
Peritubular capillaries
Correct Answer
C. Loop of HenleExplanation
The correct answer is Loop of Henle. The Loop of Henle is a long tubule located in the nephron, specifically in the renal medulla. It plays a crucial role in the reabsorption of water and electrolytes from the filtrate, helping to concentrate the urine and maintain the body's water balance. It consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb, which have different permeabilities to water and solutes. This allows for the establishment of an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla, which is important for the concentration of urine.Rate this question:
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- 30.
What is the overall function of the digestive system?
- A.
To get nutrients for the body
- B.
To digest food
- C.
To get energy for the body
- D.
To eat
Correct Answer
A. To get nutrients for the bodyExplanation
The overall function of the digestive system is to get nutrients for the body. The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. These nutrients are then transported to cells throughout the body to provide energy, support growth and repair, and maintain overall health.Rate this question:
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