De Thi Facial (VỆ Sinh, KhỬ TrÙng VÀ An ToÀn - Sanitation, Disinfection and Safety)

If a dirty nail clipper is placed into the container of disinfectant, it will contaminate the liquid in the container.

The correct answer is Biểu bì/Ngoại bì. The outermost layer of the skin, called the epidermis, does not contain blood vessels. It is primarily composed of cells called keratinocytes, which provide protection to the body. The lack of blood vessels in this layer is one of the reasons why the epidermis is relatively avascular and lacks direct access to nutrients and oxygen from the bloodstream.

The correct answer is "Lỗ chân lông bị chất nhờn oxy hoá." This is because blackheads occur when the sebum (oil) produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin becomes oxidized and clogs the hair follicles. This oxidation process causes the sebum to turn black, resulting in the appearance of blackheads. Inflammation, infection, and cancer are not typically associated with the formation of blackheads.

A large and watery blister is called a "vết mọng (bọng nước)" in Vietnamese.

The correct answer is "Chấy rận (hoặc ghẻ ngưá)". This answer is correct because chấy rận (or ghẻ ngứa) is a type of parasitic insect that can cause various diseases in humans. These insects infest the skin and hair of humans and animals, causing intense itching and discomfort. They can also transmit diseases such as typhus and trench fever. Therefore, chấy rận (or ghẻ ngứa) is a valid answer to the question about which parasite causes diseases.

Bacteria reproduce in moist environments because moisture provides the necessary conditions for their growth and reproduction. Moisture helps to dissolve nutrients and facilitates their absorption by bacteria. It also helps to maintain the necessary temperature and pH level for bacterial growth. Therefore, bacteria thrive and reproduce more efficiently in moist environments compared to dry environments.

The correct answer is "Tụ khuẩn cầu (Staphylococci)." This is because Staphylococci are spherical bacteria that can cause pus formation in infections. They are commonly found in pus-filled skin infections and can cause various diseases in humans.

The correct answer is "Viêm phổi." This is because diplococci are bacteria that can cause pneumonia, which is an infection and inflammation of the lungs.

The lowest level of disinfection is sanitation, which involves cleaning and removing dirt, dust, and debris from surfaces to reduce the number of germs present. While sanitation helps to create a clean and hygienic environment, it does not completely eliminate all microorganisms. Disinfection, on the other hand, is a higher level of germ control that involves using chemicals or heat to kill or inactivate a broader range of microorganisms. Therefore, the correct answer is sanitation, as it is the lowest level of germ control.

Rửa tay bằng xà bông diệt khuẩn is the correct answer because it states that washing hands with antibacterial soap is an important preventive measure in controlling the spread of diseases. This answer emphasizes the use of soap with antibacterial properties, which is more effective in killing bacteria and reducing the risk of infection compared to washing hands with cold water or regular soap.

Before serving customers, a person with a beauty degree needs to wash their hands with soap and water.

The correct answer is "Bình khử trùng ướt (Wet - Sanitizer)." This is because the question is asking for the type of container that holds the antiseptic solution in liquid form in a hospital. The term "wet sanitizer" refers to a container that holds a liquid sanitizer, which is commonly used in hospitals for disinfection purposes. The other options, such as "dry sanitizer," "sterilizing form/sterilizing box," and "grease form/over-disinfection," do not accurately describe the type of container mentioned in the question.

When the customer's skin is red, it is important to avoid applying strong pressure or massaging forcefully. This can potentially cause discomfort or pain to the customer. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid applying strong pressure or massaging forcefully when the customer's skin is red.

The correct answer is "Da dầu" because the question is asking for the term used to describe skin that has a lot of sebum or oil. "Da dầu" translates to "oily skin" in English.

The scientific term "Couperose" is used to describe a type of skin that has small broken blood vessels or capillaries. This condition is characterized by visible redness or flushing on the skin, particularly on the cheeks and nose. It is not related to dryness, freckles, acne, or excessive oil production.

The given symptoms of red patches and gray scales on the skin are characteristic of the condition known as "Vẩy nền/Bệnh xù vẩy", which translates to "Psoriasis" in English. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes rapid skin cell growth, leading to the formation of red patches and silvery scales on the skin. This condition is often associated with itching, discomfort, and inflammation.

The ability to resist any invading bacteria and infection is called immunity.

The correct answer is "Bệnh chí rận." Bệnh chí rận, also known as scabies, is a skin disease caused by a parasitic mite called Sarcoptes scabiei. The mites burrow into the skin and cause intense itching and a rash. Scabies is highly contagious and can spread through close physical contact or by sharing personal items such as clothing or bedding.

The correct answer is "Virus" because viruses are one of the main causes of liver inflammation (viêm gan). Viral hepatitis, such as hepatitis A, B, and C, are common examples of liver infections caused by viruses. These viruses can enter the liver and cause inflammation, leading to symptoms like fatigue, jaundice, and abdominal pain. Other factors, such as alcohol abuse and certain medications, can also cause liver inflammation, but in this case, the most likely cause is a viral infection.

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The correct answer is "Tụ khuẩn cầu (Staphylococci)." This is because Staphylococci bacteria are commonly associated with pus formation in infections. They are spherical in shape and can cause various diseases in humans.

It is prohibited to use fingers to take chemicals from a bottle and apply it on the skin of a customer.

The correct answer is "Mầm vi khuẩn (bào tử)". This is because the process of sterilization or disinfection can kill or eliminate all types of microorganisms such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria. However, bacterial spores or bacterial endospores, also known as "mầm vi khuẩn (bào tử)" in Vietnamese, are highly resistant to these processes and may survive. Therefore, they are an exception and not completely eliminated during sterilization or disinfection.

The correct answer is "Dung dịch có amoniac bậc 4." This is because bệnh viện (hospital) needs to disinfect their facilities and equipment to maintain a clean and sterile environment. Amoniac bậc 4 (ammonium compound) is a commonly used disinfectant in hospitals due to its strong antimicrobial properties. It effectively kills bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms, making it an ideal choice for disinfection purposes in a healthcare setting.

The main component that forms nails is keratin. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein that is also found in hair and the outer layer of the skin. It provides strength and structure to the nails, making them hard and durable. Calcium is important for nail health, but it is not the main component. Similarly, adhesive substances or catalysts like carbonat are not the main building blocks of nails. Therefore, the correct answer is keratin.

The correct answer is "Vết bới (birth mark)" because the question is asking for the common name for a "vết chàm" (nevus), which is a type of birthmark.

The correct answer is "Giộp da". The question asks about the signs of measles, and "Giộp da" (skin rash) is a common symptom of measles. "Tàn nhang" (freckles), "Mụn trứng cá" (acne), and "U bướu" (goiter) are not associated with measles.

The correct answer is "Diệt côn trùng." All of the given options are types of disinfectants commonly used in aesthetic clinics, except for "Diệt côn trùng" which means "Insecticide." Insecticides are not typically used as disinfectants in aesthetic clinics, as they are specifically designed to kill insects rather than bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

The correct answer is "Dung dịch amoniac bậc 4/Dung dịch Quarts." This answer is supported by the information provided in the question, which asks about the tools used in a beauty salon and how they are sterilized. The options given are different substances that can be used for sterilization. Among these options, "Dung dịch amoniac bậc 4/Dung dịch Quarts" is the correct answer as it is a suitable solution for sterilizing tools in a beauty salon.

The correct answer is "Da bị sạm trong thời kỳ mang thai." This answer is supported by the context of the question which asks about the cause of an increase in pigmentation. The other options, "Đốm," "Bạch tạng," and "Bạch biến," do not relate to pigmentation changes during pregnancy. Therefore, the correct answer is that the skin becomes darker during pregnancy, leading to increased pigmentation.

The correct answer is "Mỡ" because it is the Vietnamese word for "fat" and is the most appropriate term to describe the layer of fat beneath the skin, which is known as subcutaneous fat. The other options, "Nang tóc" (hair follicle), "Chân tóc" (hair shaft), and "Biểu bì" (epidermis), do not accurately describe the layer of fat beneath the skin.

The correct answer is "Lớp da kết nối" because collagen fibers are found in the connective tissue layer of the skin. Collagen is a protein that provides strength and elasticity to the skin, helping it to maintain its structure and flexibility. It is also found in other connective tissues throughout the body, such as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage.

The correct answer is "Lớp hạt và lớp nẩy mầm (nền căn bản)". The question is asking for the layer that is found in the dermis, in addition to the papillary and reticular layers. The options "Tuyến mồ hôi", "Mô dưới da", and "Thần kinh giao cảm" are not layers of the dermis, but rather other structures or components of the skin. Therefore, the correct answer is the only option that refers to layers within the dermis.

The main component that makes up hair strands is protein. Protein is essential for the structure and strength of hair. It helps in the formation of keratin, the protein that constitutes the hair shaft. Without adequate protein, hair can become weak, brittle, and prone to breakage. Protein also plays a role in hair growth and repair. Therefore, it is crucial to have a protein-rich diet and use hair care products that contain protein to maintain healthy and strong hair.

The first step in cleaning is to wash with warm water and soap.

The correct answer is "Cutis (da thật)." This is because the question asks for other names for the dermis, and "Cutis" is another term used to refer to the true skin or dermis. The other options mentioned in the question, such as "Ngoại bì" (epidermis), "Lớp trong suốt thuộc ngoại bì" (translucent layer of the epidermis), and "Lớp hạt thuộc ngoại bì" (granular layer of the epidermis), are all incorrect as they refer to different layers of the skin.

The correct answer is 4.5 - 6.0. This range indicates the pH level of the skin. A chemical that causes hair loss is an alkaline substance with a pH level of 11. The pH level of the skin is typically slightly acidic, ranging from 4.5 to 6.0. Therefore, a chemical with a pH level of 11 would be highly alkaline and can cause damage to the hair follicles, leading to hair loss.

Chất Astringent được sử dụng để làm sạch da và tạm thời đóng lại lỗ chân lông, giúp điều chỉnh độ pH của da trở lại bình thường. Xà phòng và nước không có khả năng làm điều này, trong khi kem làm sạch da không có tác dụng đóng lại lỗ chân lông.

A nevus is a type of skin lesion characterized by a pigmented spot or patch on the skin. It is commonly known as a mole or birthmark and is usually benign.

Bleach is a type of disinfectant that can be used in beauty salons to sanitize surfaces and tools. It is effective in killing bacteria, viruses, and fungi, making it an ideal choice for maintaining a clean and hygienic environment in a beauty salon. Acetone is a solvent commonly used in nail salons for removing nail polish, but it is not a disinfectant. The other options, including insecticides and phenol, are not suitable for use in a beauty salon as they are not designed for disinfection purposes.

The correct answer is "Dung dịch bị nhiễm bẩn." This is because the question states that dirty tools are immersed in an antiseptic solution. Therefore, the solution will become contaminated or dirty as a result.

Sterilization is the process of eliminating or destroying all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. It ensures that all objects or surfaces are completely free from any viable microorganisms, making them safe and free from contamination. This process is crucial in medical settings, laboratories, and food preparation to prevent the spread of infections and diseases. Khử mùi (deodorizing) is not the correct answer as it refers to the removal of unpleasant odors, while vô trùng (disinfection) and vệ sinh (cleaning) do not guarantee the complete elimination of all microorganisms.

The correct answer is "Phấn nền" because it is a type of makeup product that can help even out skin tone and provide coverage for discoloration or pigmentation. It is commonly used to create a smooth and flawless complexion.

The correct answer is "Tủy." Tủy is the Vietnamese term for bone marrow, which is the soft, spongy tissue found inside the bones. Bone marrow is responsible for the production of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It contains stem cells that can differentiate into various types of blood cells, making it an essential component of the body's immune system and blood production process.

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Bacteria reproduce by a process called binary fission, in which one parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Therefore, the correct answer is 2 tế bào, as one parent cell divides into two new cells during bacterial reproduction.

Cocci are round-shaped bacteria, which makes them the correct answer to the question. Streplococci are a type of cocci that form chains, while staphylococci are cocci that form clusters. Bacilli, on the other hand, are rod-shaped bacteria.

The correct answer is "Tiệt trùng" because ultraviolet rays have the ability to kill or inactivate microorganisms, making it an effective method for disinfection.

The correct answer is "Làm vệ sinh (Sanitation)" because the question asks for the correct answer for the three levels of decontamination. The options provided include sterilization, disinfection, and sanitation. Sterilization and disinfection are mentioned in one of the options, but the correct answer is sanitation, which refers to the process of cleaning and removing dirt and debris to maintain a clean and hygienic environment.

The correct answer is "Sự bông tróc vẩy." This answer is correct because it accurately translates the phrase "bị bong tróc" which means "peeling" or "flaking." It correctly identifies that the outer layer of skin is peeling off or flaking, indicating a process of shedding or exfoliation. The other options do not accurately capture the meaning of the phrase.

A weak collagen fiber structure in the skin can result in the formation of wrinkles or fine lines.

The main component in the structure of hair is protein, which is made up of amino acids. These amino acids are derived from the breakdown of dietary proteins and are used to build and repair hair cells. Therefore, the correct answer is "Chất đạm" which translates to "Protein" in English.

The correct answer is "Mụn bọc". Mụn bọc is a type of skin disorder characterized by swollen, red bumps. It commonly occurs in adults and is caused by the blockage of hair follicles, leading to the formation of pus-filled pimples. This condition is often associated with hormonal changes, stress, and poor hygiene. Treatment options include topical creams, antibiotics, and lifestyle changes to prevent further breakouts.

The correct answer is "Bướu mỡ". In Vietnamese, "bướu mỡ" refers to a lipoma, which is a benign tumor made up of fat cells. Lipomas are usually soft, movable, and painless. They can occur anywhere on the body where there are fat cells, but they are most commonly found on the neck, shoulders, back, and arms.

The correct answer is "Có thể thấy da bị mưng mũ và sưng đỏ" because the given options describe objective signs of skin disorder such as swelling, redness, blistering, and itching. These symptoms are commonly associated with skin disorders and can help in identifying the presence of a skin problem.

The correct answer is "Mạch máu bị trương nở" because when blood vessels expand or dilate, it can cause redness and swelling in the skin. This can be a result of inflammation or an allergic reaction. The other options (mụn đầu trắng, mụn đầu đen, mụn bọc) are related to different types of acne and would not cause redness and swelling in the same way.

The correct answer is "Kem làm ẩm/dưỡng." This is because acid hydrophilic compounds are more likely to be found in moisturizing creams, as they help to attract and retain moisture in the skin. Acid hydrophilic compounds have an affinity for water and are therefore beneficial in hydrating and moisturizing the skin.

The correct answer is "Thực vật/Diệt sâu bọ." This is because antiseptics are used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. However, they are not effective against plants or insects, which are classified as higher organisms.

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The correct answer is "Sinh trùng (Hay bào tử vi khuẩn trong thời gian không hoạt động)". Sinh trùng refers to parasites, which are organisms that live on or in a host organism and rely on the host for their survival. They are not affected by antibiotics or antimicrobial drugs, which are used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Bào tử vi khuẩn, or bacterial spores, are dormant forms of bacteria that are resistant to many environmental factors, including antibiotics. Therefore, both parasites and bacterial spores are not targeted by antimicrobial drugs.

The correct answer is "Khuẩn cầu" because the question is asking for the type of bacteria that forms a round shape. "Khuẩn cầu" translates to "cocci" in English, which are bacteria that are spherical or round in shape. The other options mentioned, "Khuẩn hình que" (bacilli), "Khuẩn xoắn" (spirilla), and "Không gây bệnh" (non-pathogenic), do not specifically refer to bacteria that have a round shape.

The correct answer is "Viêm phổi" because diplococci are known to cause pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, leading to symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that diplococci can cause pneumonia.

The correct answer is "Diệt vi trùng" because ultraviolet rays have germicidal properties and can effectively kill or deactivate microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

When washing colored hair, it is important to clean the hair wash basin thoroughly. Household bleach is an effective solution for removing any residual hair dye or stains from the basin. Acetone, a solvent commonly used for removing nail polish, is not suitable for cleaning hair wash basins. Tẩy uế refers to removing impurities or residues, but it is not specified what substance would be used for this purpose. Xà bông và nước ấm (soap and warm water) may not be strong enough to remove stubborn hair dye stains. Therefore, the correct answer is Household bleach.

The correct answer is "Diệt vi trùng, diệt nấm, diệt vi trùng có hại." This answer states that an effective disinfectant must have the ability to kill bacteria, fungi, and harmful bacteria. This means that the disinfectant is capable of eliminating a wide range of microorganisms, including those that are harmful to human health. The inclusion of "diệt vi trùng có hại" emphasizes the importance of targeting and eliminating specifically harmful bacteria.

The correct answer is 5.5. This indicates that the hydrogen concentration of the skin is at a pH level of 5.5. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH level below 7 is considered acidic, while a pH level above 7 is considered alkaline. The skin's natural pH level is slightly acidic, which helps to maintain a healthy balance and protect against harmful bacteria and environmental factors.

The correct answer is "Ung nhọt." This is because "ung nhọt" is a Vietnamese term that translates to "pimple" in English. The other options, "Ban đáo," "Nốt mụn," and "Thủy đậu," do not accurately describe a pimple.

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The correct answer is "Hình đồ mở nút chai." This is because the given options describe different shapes, and "Hình đồ mở nút chai" is the only option that represents the shape of an open bottle cap.

The given answer "Máu hại" is correct because it is mentioned in the passage that the function of bạch huyết (white blood cells) is to remove harmful substances such as máu hại (toxic blood). The passage states that bạch huyết acts as a blood filter in the bạch huyết system to eliminate substances like máu hại. Therefore, the answer aligns with the information provided in the passage.

The correct answer is "Verucca" because it is a term used to describe a type of skin condition known as a "wart." Warts are caused by a viral infection and can appear as small, raised bumps on the skin. They are typically rough to the touch and may have tiny black dots, which are blood vessels. Therefore, "Verucca" is the most appropriate term to describe a "mụn cọc" in Vietnamese.

The correct answer is "Vi trùng gây bệnh" because it states that the cause of skin infection is bacteria. This implies that the presence of bacteria leads to the development of the infection. The other options, such as poor eating habits or congenital bacteria, do not directly address the cause of the infection.

The correct answer is "Chùm." The question is asking about the formation of pus-creating cocci bacteria. The word "kết thành" suggests that the bacteria are forming a structure or arrangement. Among the given options, "Chùm" is the only one that means "cluster" or "bunch," which implies a grouping or arrangement of bacteria.

Diplococci are a type of bacteria that are known to cause lung infections. They are spherical in shape and typically occur in pairs. When these bacteria invade the lungs, they can cause diseases such as pneumonia. Streptococci, cocci, and staphylococci are also types of bacteria, but they are not specifically associated with causing lung infections. Therefore, the correct answer is Diplococci.

The correct answer is "Que". The question is asking about the shape of Bacilli bacteria. Bacilli bacteria are rod-shaped, hence the answer "Que" which means "rod" in Vietnamese.

The correct answer is "Chân giả, lông bơi (Cilia)". This is because cilia are tiny hair-like structures that are present on the surface of some organisms, including certain types of bacteria. These cilia help the organisms move by beating in a coordinated manner. In the context of the question, vi trùng hình que và hình xoắn are described as tự chuyển, which means they are capable of moving on their own. Cilia are known to be involved in the movement of some bacteria, so it is reasonable to infer that chân giả, lông bơi (Cilia) is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "Hủy diệt tất cả vi trùng kể cả bào tử." This is because the process of sterilization involves eliminating all forms of microorganisms, including both the active bacteria and their dormant spores or eggs (bao tử). Sterilization is a crucial method to ensure the complete destruction of harmful bacteria and prevent the spread of infections.

The correct answer is "Chất tẩy uế bệnh viện" because it specifically mentions hospital disinfectants, which are substances that can kill disease-causing bacteria, including those that cause tuberculosis and hepatitis. The other options, such as "Kháng khuẩn" (antibacterial), "Vô trùng" (sterilization), and "Khử trùng" (disinfection), are more general terms that do not specify the use of hospital disinfectants. Therefore, "Chất tẩy uế bệnh viện" is the most appropriate answer in the given context.

The correct answer is "Tuyến bài tiết" because it refers to the secretory gland, which is responsible for producing and releasing substances such as hormones, enzymes, or sweat. The other options, "Tuyến cặn bã," "Tuyến dầu," and "Tuyến chất nhờn," do not accurately describe the function of the gland.

The correct answer is "Biểu bì" because it refers to the outermost layer of the skin, also known as the epidermis. This layer acts as a protective barrier against external factors such as bacteria, UV radiation, and chemicals. It also helps regulate body temperature and prevent water loss. The other options, hạ bì, cận bì, and lớp sừng, do not accurately describe the outer layer of the skin.

The correct answer is "Từ 4 đến 8% sulfur và chất ẩm và mỡ thấp." This is because the question states that the soft horn contains 2% sulfur, while the hard horn contains a higher percentage of sulfur. Additionally, the hard horn contains moisture and low levels of fat. Therefore, the answer option that includes a higher percentage of sulfur and mentions moisture and low levels of fat is the correct one.

The given symptoms such as blackheads, whiteheads, excess oil, cystic acne, redness and swelling on the cheeks and nose are examples of disrupted sebaceous glands. This disruption can lead to an overproduction of oil, clogged pores, and inflammation, resulting in various types of acne. The term "xáo trộn tuyến dầu" in Vietnamese translates to "disrupted sebaceous glands," which accurately describes the underlying cause of these symptoms.

The correct answer is "Vảy mềm". This answer is supported by the previous statement in the question that mentions "mảng da khô hoặc vảy dầu chồng chất" which translates to "dry or oily scales on the outer layer of the skin". Among the given options, "Vảy mềm" is the only one that refers to soft scales, which would be consistent with the description of the condition mentioned in the question.

The correct answer is "Khuẩn cầu." This answer is correct because "khuẩn cầu" translates to "cocci" in English, which refers to a type of bacteria that is spherical or round in shape. The other options, "khuẩn xoắn" (spiral bacteria), "khuẩn que" (rod-shaped bacteria), and "không gây bệnh" (non-pathogenic), do not accurately describe the meaning of "vi khuẩn tròn" (round bacteria).

The correct answer is "Acid" because the question is asking about the skin's pH level. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Acidic substances have a pH below 7, while alkaline (basic) substances have a pH above 7. Since the skin's pH is typically around 5.5, it is slightly acidic. This acidity helps to maintain the skin's natural barrier function and protect against harmful bacteria and other microorganisms.

Tủy (marrow) is the correct answer because it is the component of the hair follicle. The hair follicle consists of several layers, including the medulla or marrow, which is the innermost layer. The medulla is responsible for providing nourishment to the hair and contributes to its overall structure and strength.

Alpha Hydro is the correct answer because it is the mildest skin exfoliant among the given options. It is commonly used in skincare products to gently remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and improve overall skin texture. Acetone is a strong solvent commonly used as a nail polish remover and is not suitable for skin exfoliation. Beta Hydro and Jesser are not recognized terms in the context of skincare, so they are not the correct answers.

The correct answer is "Mầm vi khuẩn (bào tử)" because the question states that disinfection cannot eliminate or destroy all types of microorganisms except for one. Among the given options, viruses, fungi, and bacteria can be eliminated through disinfection, but "mầm vi khuẩn (bào tử)" refers to bacterial spores, which are highly resistant to disinfection methods. Therefore, they cannot be destroyed or eliminated through the process of disinfection.

The correct answer is "Bình Sát - Khử - Diệt trùng" because it accurately describes the purpose of the water container, which is to sanitize and disinfect. "Bình EPA" and "Bình Alcohol" do not specify the function of the container in killing bacteria and germs, making them incorrect options.

The correct answer is "Sát trùng ngoài da." This is because the question states that the given substance is considered as a disinfectant for external use on the skin. Therefore, the correct answer is that it is a disinfectant for external use on the skin.

The correct answer is "Thuốc tẩy trắng gia đình" because it is mentioned in the question that the question is about a "tẩy uế" (bleaching agent) used in TMV (presumably a cleaning or disinfecting solution). Among the given options, "Thuốc tẩy trắng gia đình" (household bleach) is the most suitable choice as it is commonly used as a bleaching agent in various cleaning applications.

To prevent the risk of bleeding, it is necessary to always have gloves. Gloves provide a barrier between the person administering first aid and the injured person, reducing the risk of infection and contamination. They also protect the person administering first aid from any potential bloodborne pathogens. Having gloves readily available ensures that proper hygiene and safety measures are followed during first aid procedures.

Collagen is a protein found in the lower layer of the skin, known as the dermis. It provides strength and structure to the skin, helping to maintain its firmness and elasticity. Collagen is essential for maintaining a youthful appearance and preventing wrinkles and sagging. It also plays a role in wound healing and tissue repair. Therefore, collagen is the correct answer to the question asking for the name of the layer below the skin.