1.
Tuyến mồ hôi còn được gọi là:
Correct Answer
D. Tuyến bài tiết.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Tuyến bài tiết" because it refers to the secretory gland, which is responsible for producing and releasing substances such as hormones, enzymes, or sweat. The other options, "Tuyến cặn bã," "Tuyến dầu," and "Tuyến chất nhờn," do not accurately describe the function of the gland.
2.
Cơ quan nào của cơ thể có chức năng đưa máu đi cung cấp chất dinh dưỡng cho toàn bộ cơ thể?
Correct Answer
A. Hệ tuần hoàn.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Hệ tuần hoàn" (circulatory system). The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to all the cells and tissues. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The circulatory system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the proper functioning of all organs and systems in the body.
3.
Bạch huyết hoạt động như máu lọc trong hệ bạch huyết để loại bỏ những chất có hại như:
Correct Answer
D. Máu hại
Explanation
The given answer "Máu hại" is correct because it is mentioned in the passage that the function of bạch huyết (white blood cells) is to remove harmful substances such as máu hại (toxic blood). The passage states that bạch huyết acts as a blood filter in the bạch huyết system to eliminate substances like máu hại. Therefore, the answer aligns with the information provided in the passage.
4.
Mảu da quyết định bởi chất nào?
Correct Answer
B. Sắc tố (Hắc tố - Melanin)
Explanation
The correct answer is "Sắc tố (Hắc tố - Melanin)". Melanin is a pigment that determines the color of the skin. It is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes in the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. The amount and distribution of melanin in the skin determine the color and tone of an individual's complexion. Therefore, melanin is responsible for determining the color of the skin.
5.
HOẶC: Sắc tố quyết định màu daHOẶC: Sắc tố làm cho làn da có màu là:
Correct Answer
C. Hắc tố (Melanin).
Explanation
Melanin is the pigment that determines the color of the skin. It is responsible for producing various shades of skin color, ranging from light to dark. Melanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes, which are located in the epidermis. The amount and type of melanin produced by these cells determine the specific skin color of an individual. Therefore, melanin is the correct answer as it is the pigment that gives the skin its color.
6.
Hắc tố hiện trên mặt trong thời kỳ nào?
Correct Answer
C. Trong thời kỳ mang thai.
Explanation
During pregnancy, there is an increase in the production of melanin, which is responsible for the darkening of the skin. This increased melanin production can lead to the appearance of dark patches or spots on the face, known as melasma or "pregnancy mask." Therefore, the correct answer is "Trong thời kỳ mang thai" which translates to "During pregnancy."
7.
HOẶC: Sự gia tăng sắc thể được nhận dạng như thế nào?HOẶC: Cái nào làm khuyết tán màu da?
Correct Answer
D. Da bị sạm trong thời kỳ mang thai.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Da bị sạm trong thời kỳ mang thai." This answer is supported by the context of the question which asks about the cause of an increase in pigmentation. The other options, "Đốm," "Bạch tạng," and "Bạch biến," do not relate to pigmentation changes during pregnancy. Therefore, the correct answer is that the skin becomes darker during pregnancy, leading to increased pigmentation.
8.
Sự thay đổi sắc tố da là do hiện tượng gì?
Correct Answer
A. Đốm bạch tạng.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Đốm bạch tạng." In Vietnamese, "đốm bạch tạng" refers to the phenomenon of skin pigmentation changes. This term specifically describes the appearance of white spots or patches on the skin, which can be caused by various factors such as vitiligo or other skin conditions.
9.
Sắc tố da có thể dịu đi bằng cách dùng:
Correct Answer
B. pHấn nền.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Phấn nền" because it is a type of makeup product that can help even out skin tone and provide coverage for discoloration or pigmentation. It is commonly used to create a smooth and flawless complexion.
10.
Lớp bảo vệ đầu tiên cho da khỏi bị vi khuẩn là:
Correct Answer
A. Một làn da không nứt nẻ
Explanation
The correct answer is "Một làn da không nứt nẻ". This is because a skin that is not cracked or damaged provides a protective barrier against bacteria. When the skin is intact, it is more difficult for bacteria to enter and cause infections. Cracked or damaged skin can provide an entry point for bacteria, increasing the risk of infection. Therefore, a healthy and unbroken skin is the first line of defense against bacterial infections.
11.
HOẶC: Lớp da ngoài bị bong tróc, gọi là:
Correct Answer
B. Sự bông tróc vẩy.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Sự bông tróc vẩy." This answer is correct because it accurately translates the phrase "bị bong tróc" which means "peeling" or "flaking." It correctly identifies that the outer layer of skin is peeling off or flaking, indicating a process of shedding or exfoliation. The other options do not accurately capture the meaning of the phrase.
12.
HOẶC: Lớp da bảo vệ bên ngoài được gọi là:HOẶC: Lớp ngoài cùng của da gọi là:
Correct Answer
C. Biểu bì.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Biểu bì" because it refers to the outermost layer of the skin, also known as the epidermis. This layer acts as a protective barrier against external factors such as bacteria, UV radiation, and chemicals. It also helps regulate body temperature and prevent water loss. The other options, hạ bì, cận bì, and lớp sừng, do not accurately describe the outer layer of the skin.
13.
Lớp ngoài cùng của da có chứa các tế bào thần kinh nhưng không có mạch máu bảo vệ cho cơ thể gọi là?HOẶC: Lớp nào của da không chứa mạch máu?
Correct Answer
B. Biểu bì/Ngoại bì.
Explanation
The correct answer is Biểu bì/Ngoại bì. The outermost layer of the skin, called the epidermis, does not contain blood vessels. It is primarily composed of cells called keratinocytes, which provide protection to the body. The lack of blood vessels in this layer is one of the reasons why the epidermis is relatively avascular and lacks direct access to nutrients and oxygen from the bloodstream.
14.
HOẶC: Lớp da ngoài cùng tạo thành màng phủ để bảo vệ cơ thể gọi là:
Correct Answer
D. Biểu bì.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Biểu bì" because it refers to the outermost layer of the skin that acts as a protective barrier for the body. It helps to regulate body temperature, prevent water loss, and protect against external factors such as bacteria and UV radiation. The other options, "Chân bì," "Hạ bì," and "Mảnh đệm," do not accurately describe the outer layer of the skin.
15.
Lớp da nào không có mạch máu:
Correct Answer
A. Ngoại bì (Epidermis/scraf skin, cuticle)
Explanation
The correct answer is "Ngoại bì (Epidermis/scraf skin, cuticle)". This is because the epidermis, also known as the outermost layer of the skin, does not contain blood vessels. The epidermis is primarily composed of epithelial cells and serves as a protective barrier for the underlying layers of the skin. It receives nutrients and oxygen from the blood vessels in the dermis, the layer beneath the epidermis. Therefore, the epidermis itself does not have its own blood supply.
16.
Phần dưới của biểu bì:
Correct Answer
A. Mỡ.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Mỡ" because it is the Vietnamese word for "fat" and is the most appropriate term to describe the layer of fat beneath the skin, which is known as subcutaneous fat. The other options, "Nang tóc" (hair follicle), "Chân tóc" (hair shaft), and "Biểu bì" (epidermis), do not accurately describe the layer of fat beneath the skin.
17.
Lớp dưới da gọi là gì?
Correct Answer
A. Collagen
Explanation
Collagen is a protein found in the lower layer of the skin, known as the dermis. It provides strength and structure to the skin, helping to maintain its firmness and elasticity. Collagen is essential for maintaining a youthful appearance and preventing wrinkles and sagging. It also plays a role in wound healing and tissue repair. Therefore, collagen is the correct answer to the question asking for the name of the layer below the skin.
18.
Lớp collagen nằm ở đâu?
Correct Answer
A. Biểu bì.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Biểu bì" because collagen is a protein that is found in the dermis layer of the skin, which is also known as the epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is responsible for providing protection to the underlying layers. Collagen helps to maintain the strength and elasticity of the skin, making it an important component of the epidermis.
19.
Sợi collagen và đàn hồi được tìm thấy trong:
Correct Answer
A. Lớp da kết nối.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Lớp da kết nối" because collagen fibers are found in the connective tissue layer of the skin. Collagen is a protein that provides strength and elasticity to the skin, helping it to maintain its structure and flexibility. It is also found in other connective tissues throughout the body, such as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage.
20.
Sợi collagen yếu đi thì để lại gì? Hoặc Collagen trong da yếu sẽ gây ra:
Correct Answer
A. Nhăn da/Nếp nhăn.
Explanation
A weak collagen fiber structure in the skin can result in the formation of wrinkles or fine lines.
21.
Chất nào trong da bảo vệ cơ thể không bị tổn thương?
Correct Answer
D. Chất tạo keo.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Chất tạo keo." This is because the adhesive substance helps to protect the body from being damaged by providing a protective layer or sealing wounds. It acts as a barrier against harmful external factors and prevents further injury or infection.
22.
Độ phân phối của da là:
Correct Answer
A. Acid.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Acid" because the question is asking about the skin's pH level. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Acidic substances have a pH below 7, while alkaline (basic) substances have a pH above 7. Since the skin's pH is typically around 5.5, it is slightly acidic. This acidity helps to maintain the skin's natural barrier function and protect against harmful bacteria and other microorganisms.
23.
Độ pH trên da là:
Correct Answer
A. Trung tính.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Trung tính" because the question asks about the pH level on the skin, and "Trung tính" means neutral. This implies that the pH level on the skin is neither acidic nor alkaline, but balanced.
24.
Chất sừng mềm chứa từ 50% đến 70% chất ẩm, 2% sulfur và chất sừng cứng chứa:
Correct Answer
D. Từ 4 đến 8% sulfur và chất ẩm và mỡ thấp.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Từ 4 đến 8% sulfur và chất ẩm và mỡ thấp." This is because the question states that the soft horn contains 2% sulfur, while the hard horn contains a higher percentage of sulfur. Additionally, the hard horn contains moisture and low levels of fat. Therefore, the answer option that includes a higher percentage of sulfur and mentions moisture and low levels of fat is the correct one.
25.
Sự đồng hoá (Tích trữ năng lượng) và dị hoá (Tiêu thụ năng lượng) là 2 giai đoạn của:
Correct Answer
A. Sự biến hoá của tế bào.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Sự biến hoá của tế bào" because the question is asking about the two stages of energy metabolism, which is a process that occurs within cells. The process of energy metabolism involves both energy storage (sự đồng hoá - tich tru năng lượng) and energy consumption (dị hoá - tiêu thụ năng lượng), which are the two stages mentioned in the question. Therefore, the correct answer is "Sự biến hoá của tế bào" which translates to "Cellular metabolism."
26.
Trọng lượng của da người lớn khoảng 7 pounds, 18.2 square feet và độ dầy của da từ:
Correct Answer
D. 0.21 cm đến 0.50 cm (1/12 - 1/5 inch)
Explanation
The correct answer is 0.21 cm đến 0.50 cm (1/12 - 1/5 inch). This range represents the thickness of adult human skin. The question provides information about the weight and surface area of adult human skin, but the answer choices focus specifically on the thickness. The given range of 0.21 cm to 0.50 cm (1/12 - 1/5 inch) falls within the typical range for the thickness of human skin.
27.
Lý do thường mệt mõi là thiếu nước và có bao nhiêu phần trăm lượng nước chứa trong lượng cơ thể:
Correct Answer
C. 75%
Explanation
The correct answer is 75%. This is because the question states that the reason for frequent fatigue is a lack of water, implying that the body needs a sufficient amount of water to function properly. The answer of 75% suggests that the body is made up of approximately 75% water, which aligns with the explanation provided.
28.
Các tên khác của lớp nội bì là Derma, Corium, True Skin và:
Correct Answer
B. Cutis (da thật).
Explanation
The correct answer is "Cutis (da thật)." This is because the question asks for other names for the dermis, and "Cutis" is another term used to refer to the true skin or dermis. The other options mentioned in the question, such as "Ngoại bì" (epidermis), "Lớp trong suốt thuộc ngoại bì" (translucent layer of the epidermis), and "Lớp hạt thuộc ngoại bì" (granular layer of the epidermis), are all incorrect as they refer to different layers of the skin.
29.
Lớp nội bì có 2 lớp (Papillary và Reticular). Ngoại bì chứa lớp sừng, lớp trong suốt và:
Correct Answer
B. Lớp hạt và lớp nẩy mầm (nền căn bản).
Explanation
The correct answer is "Lớp hạt và lớp nẩy mầm (nền căn bản)". The question is asking for the layer that is found in the dermis, in addition to the papillary and reticular layers. The options "Tuyến mồ hôi", "Mô dưới da", and "Thần kinh giao cảm" are not layers of the dermis, but rather other structures or components of the skin. Therefore, the correct answer is the only option that refers to layers within the dermis.
30.
Nồng độ Hydrogen của màng da là:
Correct Answer
B. 5.5
Explanation
The correct answer is 5.5. This indicates that the hydrogen concentration of the skin is at a pH level of 5.5. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH level below 7 is considered acidic, while a pH level above 7 is considered alkaline. The skin's natural pH level is slightly acidic, which helps to maintain a healthy balance and protect against harmful bacteria and environmental factors.
31.
Hoá chất rụng lông là chất kiềm có nồng độ Hydrogen cỡ 11, và nồng độ Hydrogen (pH) của da xếp loại từ:
Correct Answer
B. 4.5 - 6.0
Explanation
The correct answer is 4.5 - 6.0. This range indicates the pH level of the skin. A chemical that causes hair loss is an alkaline substance with a pH level of 11. The pH level of the skin is typically slightly acidic, ranging from 4.5 to 6.0. Therefore, a chemical with a pH level of 11 would be highly alkaline and can cause damage to the hair follicles, leading to hair loss.
32.
Da được phục hồi nồng độ pH bình thường và lỗ chân lông tạm thời đóng lại bằng cách dùng?
Correct Answer
A. Chất Astringent.
Explanation
Chất Astringent được sử dụng để làm sạch da và tạm thời đóng lại lỗ chân lông, giúp điều chỉnh độ pH của da trở lại bình thường. Xà phòng và nước không có khả năng làm điều này, trong khi kem làm sạch da không có tác dụng đóng lại lỗ chân lông.
33.
Chất nhờn có tác dụng gì?
Correct Answer
B. Giữ ẩm cho da.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Giữ ẩm cho da" which translates to "Moisturize the skin." This suggests that the function of the oily substance is to keep the skin hydrated and prevent it from drying out.
34.
Cấu tạo chính của chất bã nhờn là?
Correct Answer
B. Dầu.
Explanation
The main component of sebum, the oily substance that lubricates the skin, is oil. Sebum is produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin and helps to keep the skin moisturized and protected. Sweat glands, on the other hand, produce sweat, which is primarily composed of water and electrolytes. While sweat can contribute to the overall moisture of the skin, it is not the main component of sebum. Therefore, the correct answer is oil (dầu).
35.
HOẶC: Da nhờn gọi là:HOẶC:Da có nhiểu bã nhờn còn gọi là da:HOẶC: Da có nhiều chất dầu nhờn được xếp vào loại da:
Correct Answer
C. Da dầu.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Da dầu" because the question is asking for the term used to describe skin that has a lot of sebum or oil. "Da dầu" translates to "oily skin" in English.
36.
Nhão da, gợn da và nhăn da là dấu hiệu của da thiếu nước, kém đàn hồi và:
Correct Answer
A. Da tuổi gìa.
Explanation
The given correct answer is "Da tuổi gìa" because the symptoms mentioned in the question, such as dullness, roughness, and wrinkles, are commonly associated with aging skin. Aging skin tends to lose moisture, elasticity, and collagen, leading to dryness, sagging, and the formation of wrinkles. Therefore, the presence of these signs indicates that the skin is aging.
37.
Lỗ chân lông có mụn đen là vì (hoặc mụn trứng cá có đầu đen vì):
Correct Answer
B. Lỗ chân lông bị chất nhờn oxy hoá.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Lỗ chân lông bị chất nhờn oxy hoá." This is because blackheads occur when the sebum (oil) produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin becomes oxidized and clogs the hair follicles. This oxidation process causes the sebum to turn black, resulting in the appearance of blackheads. Inflammation, infection, and cancer are not typically associated with the formation of blackheads.
38.
Thành phần chủ yếu (chính) của tóc và móng là gì?
Correct Answer
C. Chất sừng.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Chất sừng." This answer is supported by the fact that hair and nails are primarily made up of a protein called keratin, which is a tough and fibrous protein that forms the structure of these body parts. Keratin is commonly referred to as "chất sừng" in Vietnamese.
39.
HOẶC: Thành phần chính trong cấu tạo của tóc?
Correct Answer
B. Chất đạm.
Explanation
The main component in the structure of hair is protein, which is made up of amino acids. These amino acids are derived from the breakdown of dietary proteins and are used to build and repair hair cells. Therefore, the correct answer is "Chất đạm" which translates to "Protein" in English.
40.
HOẶC:Thành phần chính cấu tạo nên sợi tóc:
Correct Answer
A. Protein.
Explanation
The main component that makes up hair strands is protein. Protein is essential for the structure and strength of hair. It helps in the formation of keratin, the protein that constitutes the hair shaft. Without adequate protein, hair can become weak, brittle, and prone to breakage. Protein also plays a role in hair growth and repair. Therefore, it is crucial to have a protein-rich diet and use hair care products that contain protein to maintain healthy and strong hair.
41.
Chỗ chùm của hình ống dưới chân tóc được gọi là:
Correct Answer
A. Nang tóc.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Nang tóc." In Vietnamese, "nang tóc" refers to the hair follicle or the root of the hair. It is the part of the hair that is located beneath the skin and anchors the hair in place. The other options listed, such as "chất sừng" (keratin), "chân tóc" (hair shaft), and "gai tóc" (hair spike), do not accurately describe the specific location being referred to in the question.
42.
Chất gì tạo ra nang tóc?
Correct Answer
C. Gai tóc.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Gai tóc." This is because hair is made up of a protein called keratin, which forms the structure of the hair. The "gai tóc" refers to the hair shaft, which is the visible part of the hair that is made up of overlapping layers of keratinized cells. These cells have a protective function and give the hair its strength and structure.
43.
Chất gì là thành phần của nang tóc?
Correct Answer
A. Tủy
Explanation
Tủy (marrow) is the correct answer because it is the component of the hair follicle. The hair follicle consists of several layers, including the medulla or marrow, which is the innermost layer. The medulla is responsible for providing nourishment to the hair and contributes to its overall structure and strength.
44.
HOẶC: Nang tóc chứa chất gì?
Correct Answer
A. Tủy.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Tủy." Tủy is the Vietnamese term for bone marrow, which is the soft, spongy tissue found inside the bones. Bone marrow is responsible for the production of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It contains stem cells that can differentiate into various types of blood cells, making it an essential component of the body's immune system and blood production process.
45.
Thành phần chủ yếu hình thành móng là?HOẶC: Chất cấu tạo chính của tóc và móng tay là:
Correct Answer
A. Chất sừng/Keratin.
Explanation
The main component that forms nails is keratin. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein that is also found in hair and the outer layer of the skin. It provides strength and structure to the nails, making them hard and durable. Calcium is important for nail health, but it is not the main component. Similarly, adhesive substances or catalysts like carbonat are not the main building blocks of nails. Therefore, the correct answer is keratin.
46.
Một vết dộp/rộp lớn và mọng nước được gọi là:
Correct Answer
A. Vết mọng (bọng nước).
Explanation
A large and watery blister is called a "vết mọng (bọng nước)" in Vietnamese.
47.
Nevus là gì?
Correct Answer
B. Vết bớt/vết chàm.
Explanation
A nevus is a type of skin lesion characterized by a pigmented spot or patch on the skin. It is commonly known as a mole or birthmark and is usually benign.
48.
HOẶC: Vết chàm (Nevus) thông thường được gọi là:
Correct Answer
B. Vết bới (birth mark).
Explanation
The correct answer is "Vết bới (birth mark)" because the question is asking for the common name for a "vết chàm" (nevus), which is a type of birthmark.
49.
Mụn có bọc mỡ dưới da gọi là:
Correct Answer
B. Mụn trứng cá.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Mụn trứng cá." Mụn trứng cá refers to the condition of having small, white, hard bumps on the skin, resembling the appearance of fish eggs. These bumps are usually caused by clogged pores or excess oil production, and they can be commonly found on the forehead, cheeks, and chin. Ghẻ, bướu mỡ, and ban đỏ are not terms used to describe this specific type of skin condition.
50.
Các tuyến bã nhờn hoạt động quá mức có thể gây ra:
Correct Answer
C. Bệnh mồ hôi nặng mùi.
Explanation
The correct answer is "Bệnh mồ hôi nặng mùi" because excessive sweating can lead to body odor.