Tn.Ncs.TriỆu ChỨng HỌc GÃy XƯƠng

The purpose of a bone fracture examination is to detect any accompanying skin injuries, blood vessel damage, and nerve injuries, as well as to assess the degree of deformity or displacement of the broken bone. Therefore, options A, B, and C are all correct as they encompass the different aspects that the examination aims to address.

The correct answer is E. C, D đúng. The explanation for this answer is that to find signs of a fracture in the neck bone, one should press from the surface to the deep until touching the bone (option D) and press from a distance to the fractured area (option C). Therefore, both options C and D are correct methods to detect signs of a fracture in the neck bone.

The correct answer is "Ổ gãy" which translates to "broken socket" in English. This answer suggests that a broken socket is an open bone fracture that exposes the bone to the external environment.

All of the factors mentioned in options A, B, C, and D can contribute to the displacement of bone fractures caused by trauma. The anatomy of the affected limb, the direction of force applied, the weight of the limb, and the first aid measures taken can all play a role in the displacement of bone fractures. Therefore, option E, which states that all of these factors are correct, is the correct answer.

The presence of a purple bruise on the back of the heel after an injury is a sign of a fractured heel bone.

A "khớp giả" is a term used in Vietnamese to refer to a joint that is not a true joint, meaning it does not have the same structure and function as a normal joint. In the given question, it states that in a certain segment, if there is passive movement, it is called a "khớp giả". This suggests that the term is used to describe a joint-like structure that allows for movement but does not have the full range of motion or characteristics of a true joint.

The correct answer is E. A sai. This means that none of the symptoms listed (đau chói, biến dạng, cử động bất thường, tiếng lạo xạo) are considered definite symptoms of a bone fracture. Therefore, the statement "A sai" indicates that option A is incorrect.

When examining a person with a bone fracture, it is important to follow the principle of examining the whole body first, then focus on the broken bone and the specific area where the fracture has occurred. This approach ensures that any other potential injuries or complications are identified and addressed before treating the fracture. Therefore, option B, which states "Khám toàn thân, khám gãy xương, vùng chi bị gãy" (Examine the whole body, examine the broken bone, the area of the broken bone), is the correct answer.

The correct answer is E. A, B, C đúng. This means that all of the options A, B, and C are correct explanations for the indirect causes of bone fractures.

The correct answer is D. A và B đúng. This means that both option A (Gãy trên một xương viêm) and option B (Gãy trên một xương bị u xương lành) are correct. This suggests that both a fracture on an inflamed bone and a fracture on a bone with a healed bone tumor can be considered pathological fractures.

When examining an old bone fracture, if there is abnormal movement without pain, it indicates that the patient had a previous nerve injury. This is why both options A and B are correct. Option C, cal lệch trục, refers to axial deviation and is not related to the given scenario. Option D, chậm liền xương, refers to delayed bone union and is also not relevant. Therefore, the correct answer is E, as both options A and B are true.

The correct answer is E. Di lệch chồng và sang bên. This means that the bone fracture is both displaced and shifted to one side.

To detect signs of pain in the spine, one can apply pressure at the site of the fracture (answer A) or tap gently from the head down to see if there is pain at the fracture site (answer B). Both of these methods can help identify the presence of pain in the spine. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as both options A and B are correct.

When suspecting a bone fracture with vascular complications, it is necessary to examine and assess the peripheral area (color, temperature, movement, sensation). This is because vascular complications can lead to impaired blood flow, which can affect the color and temperature of the surrounding area. Additionally, impaired blood flow can also affect movement and sensation in the area. Therefore, examining and evaluating these factors can help determine if there are any vascular complications associated with the bone fracture.

When examining a bone fracture below the knee, if there is an external rotation of the distal fragment, it indicates that the limb is shortened and the foot is displaced outward. This is known as a "shortening and external rotation" deformity, which is represented by option D.

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Bầm tím do gãy xương có màu sắc đậm và lan rộng dần. This means that when a bone is broken, the bruise that appears will have a dark color and will gradually spread. This is a characteristic feature of a bruise caused by a bone fracture.

The correct answer is C. Gãy cổ xương bả vai. Bầm tím muộn và lan rộng vùng nách, ngực, mặt chậu là dấu hiệu của gãy cổ xương bả vai.

A good bone alignment is determined when there is no deformity, no abnormal movement, no sharp pain, and the limb is straight.

The answer explains that the direct impact of a force on the fractured area or the vertebral region causes the bone to break. This can happen when the force is applied directly to the fractured area or when the force strikes the fractured area directly, causing the bone to break in the vertebral region.