BÀi 5 - ĐỀ 2

The correct answer is "Tế bào lưỡng bội (2n)". In biology, diploid cells are considered as the nourishing cells in an organism's body. Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, and they undergo mitosis to produce more diploid cells. These cells play a crucial role in growth, development, and maintenance of the organism's body.

The correct answer is "Cặp NST tương đồng" because it means "similar pair of homologous chromosomes" in English. This term refers to a pair of chromosomes that have the same shape, size, and gene composition. In humans, each pair of homologous chromosomes consists of one chromosome from the mother and one from the father. These chromosomes carry the same genes, although they may have different versions of those genes (alleles).

The correct answer is Nuclêôxôm. Nuclêôxôm is a structure consisting of 8 histone proteins wrapped around a circular DNA molecule. It is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and helps to package and organize the DNA. The 3/4th of a turn in the DNA helix corresponds to approximately 146 base pairs, which is the length of DNA that can be wrapped around the histone proteins in the nuclêôxôm structure.

The correct answer is "Hình thái" (morphology). This is because changes in chromosome structure can be observed through changes in the physical appearance or morphology of an organism. These changes can include alterations in the size, shape, or arrangement of the chromosomes.

The given correct answer suggests that the mutation in the chromosome sequence often leads to an increase or decrease in the intensity of the expression of a trait. This means that the mutation can cause the trait to be more pronounced or less pronounced in individuals carrying the mutated chromosome.

The correct answer is "Chuyển đoạn" because this type of mutation involves the transfer of a segment of a chromosome to another location within the same chromosome or to a different chromosome. This can result in changes to the genetic information and can have significant effects on an organism's phenotype.

The correct answer is "Mất đoạn, lặp đoạn, đảo đoạn và chuyển đoạn nhiễm sắc thể". This is because these are the types of structural chromosomal mutations that can occur. "Mất đoạn" refers to the loss of a segment of a chromosome, "lặp đoạn" refers to the duplication of a segment, "đảo đoạn" refers to the inversion of a segment, and "chuyển đoạn" refers to the translocation of a segment between non-homologous chromosomes.

The given correct answer is "Thể mắt dẹt ở ruồi giấm". This is because the question asks about a type of mutation caused by a chromosomal duplication, and the "Thể mắt dẹt ở ruồi giấm" is a known example of a mutation caused by a chromosomal duplication in fruit flies. The other options listed in the question do not specifically mention a chromosomal duplication as the cause of the mutation.

The correct answer is that the centromere has the function of protecting the chromosomes and preventing them from sticking together.

Each individual DNA strand has its own independent molecule of DNA. This means that each DNA strand is separate and distinct from others, and does not share or combine with other DNA molecules.