Grade 11 Biology Trivia

The systemic system refers to the network of blood vessels that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. This blood supplies oxygen and nutrients to the body cells, allowing them to carry out their functions. Therefore, the correct answer is body cells.

Bacteria are prokaryotes that can cause disease. Unlike viruses, which are not considered living organisms, bacteria are living cells that can reproduce and cause infections in humans and other organisms. Bacterial infections can range from mild to severe, and can be treated with antibiotics. Leukocytes are white blood cells that are part of the immune system and help fight infections, but they are not the actual cause of disease. Gametes, on the other hand, are reproductive cells and do not cause disease.

Erythrocytes are commonly known as red blood cells. They are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body and removing carbon dioxide. These cells have a unique structure that allows them to transport gases efficiently. They lack a nucleus and other organelles, enabling them to have more space for hemoglobin, the protein that binds to oxygen. The red color of these cells comes from the iron in hemoglobin. Overall, erythrocytes play a vital role in maintaining the body's oxygen levels and ensuring proper functioning of tissues and organs.

Amensalism is a type of relationship in nature where one party negatively affects another while the first is not affected to any great extent, such as trees that secrete toxins inhibiting smaller plants. In this relationship, one organism negatively affects another organism while not receiving any benefit in return. This can be seen in situations where one organism secretes a substance that inhibits the growth or survival of another organism, giving the secreting organism little or no competitive advantage. This type of relationship is characterized by one party actively harming or inhibiting the other party, such as Penicillium Mold inhibiting bacterial growth.

Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for synthesizing proteins. They read the sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA) and translate it into the amino acid sequence of proteins, a process known as translation. Ribosomes can be found floating freely within the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming what is known as the rough ER. DNA replication, energy production, and lipid storage are functions associated with other organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and lipid droplets, respectively.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the molecule that carries the genetic information transcribed from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This process is known as transcription. Once the mRNA reaches the ribosomes, it provides the template for the sequence of amino acids in a protein during translation. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of ribosomes. DNA, while containing the genetic blueprint, does not leave the nucleus.

Photosynthesis takes place in the Chloroplast. This organelle contains chlorophyll and is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis, primarily in plant cells and some algae.

Osmosis is the process by which water molecules move across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This movement continues until there is an equilibrium in the solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, and facilitated diffusion involves the use of transport proteins to move molecules across membranes without energy input.

Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that produces four genetically different haploid cells from a single diploid cell. This process is crucial for sexual reproduction and occurs in two stages: meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated, and during meiosis II, sister chromatids are separated. This results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. In contrast, mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, and budding is a form of asexual reproduction in some organisms like yeast.

The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is responsible for regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It is a selectively permeable barrier composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. These proteins serve various functions, including transport, signal transduction, and cell recognition. The cell membrane controls the passage of ions, nutrients, and waste products, maintaining the internal environment of the cell. The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance within the cell where organelles are suspended, the nucleus contains the cell's genetic material, and the mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration and energy production.