Chp.8

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Jlyons08

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In situations where there is a rapid turnover, an inventory method which produces a balance sheet valuation similar to the first-in, first-out method is
- Average cost.
- Base stock.
- Joint cost.
- Prime cost.

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2.

Goods in transit which are shipped f.o.b. destination should be?
- Included in the inventory of the seller.
- Included in the inventory of the buyer.
- Included in the inventory of the shipping company.
- None of these.
Correct Answer

A. Included in the inventory of the seller.

Explanation

Goods in transit that are shipped f.o.b. destination should be included in the inventory of the seller. This is because f.o.b. destination means that the seller retains ownership of the goods until they reach the buyer's destination. Therefore, the seller is responsible for including these goods in their inventory until they are delivered to the buyer.

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3.

In a period of rising prices which inventory method generally provides the greatest amount of net income?
- Average cost.
- FIFO.
- LIFO.
- Specific identification.
Correct Answer

A. FIFO.

Explanation

During a period of rising prices, the FIFO (First-In, First-Out) inventory method generally provides the greatest amount of net income. This is because FIFO assumes that the oldest inventory items are sold first, resulting in the cost of goods sold being calculated using the lower cost of the older inventory items. As a result, the ending inventory is valued at the higher cost of the more recent inventory items, leading to a higher net income.

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4.

In a period of falling prices, which inventory method generally provides the greatest In amount of net income?
- Average cost.
- FIFO.
- LIFO.
- Specific identification.
Correct Answer

A. LIFO.

Explanation

LIFO (Last In, First Out) inventory method generally provides the greatest amount of net income in a period of falling prices. This is because under LIFO, the most recent inventory purchases are considered as sold first, resulting in higher cost of goods sold and lower ending inventory. As a result, the cost of goods sold is higher, which reduces the taxable income and increases the net income. This is beneficial during periods of falling prices as it matches the higher costs with the higher revenue, resulting in a higher net income.

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5.

Where should raw materials be classified on the balance sheet?
- Prepaid Expense
- Inventory
- Equipment
- Not on balance sheet
Correct Answer

A. Inventory

Explanation

Raw materials should be classified as inventory on the balance sheet because they are considered a current asset that will be used in the production process to create finished goods. Inventory represents the goods that a company holds for sale or for use in the production process. Raw materials are a crucial component of a company's inventory, and their value is recorded on the balance sheet to accurately reflect the company's assets and their potential for future revenue generation.

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6.

Goods in transit which are shipped f.o.b. shipping point should be?
- Included in the inventory of the seller.
- Included in the inventory of the buyer.
- Included in the inventory of the shipping company.
- None of these.
Correct Answer

A. Included in the inventory of the buyer.

Explanation

Goods in transit that are shipped f.o.b. (free on board) shipping point are the responsibility of the buyer once they leave the seller's location. This means that the buyer has legal ownership and control over the goods during transit. Therefore, these goods should be included in the inventory of the buyer as they are considered part of their assets and not the seller's or the shipping company's inventory.

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7.

Why are inventories included in the computation of net income?
- To determine cost of goods sold
- To determine sales revenue
- To determine merchandise returns
- Inventories are not included in the computation of net income
Correct Answer

A. To determine cost of goods sold

Explanation

Inventories are included in the computation of net income because they are directly related to the cost of goods sold. By including inventories in the calculation, a company can accurately determine the cost of the goods that were sold during a specific period of time. This allows for an accurate calculation of net income, as it takes into account the expenses incurred in producing and selling the goods.

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8.

What is a LIFO reserve?
- The difference between the LIFO inventory and the amount used for internal reporting purposes.
- The tax savings attributed to using the LIFO method.
- The current effect of using LIFO on net income.
- Change in the LIFO inventory during the year.
Correct Answer

A. The difference between the LIFO inventory and the amount used for internal reporting purposes.

Explanation

A LIFO reserve refers to the difference between the LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) inventory and the amount that is used for internal reporting purposes. This reserve is created because LIFO inventory valuation assumes that the most recently purchased or produced items are sold first, which may result in a lower inventory value compared to other inventory valuation methods. The LIFO reserve helps to adjust the reported inventory value to reflect the actual cost of inventory for internal reporting purposes.

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9.

Which of the following is a product cost as it relates to inventory?
- Selling costs.
- Interest costs.
- Raw materials.
- Abnormal spoilage.
Correct Answer

A. Raw materials.

Explanation

Raw materials are considered a product cost as they directly contribute to the production of goods. These materials are used in the manufacturing process and are included in the inventory of the company until they are transformed into finished products. Selling costs and interest costs are not directly related to inventory, as they are expenses incurred in the selling and financing activities of the company. Abnormal spoilage is a loss that occurs during the production process and is not considered a product cost as it does not contribute to the creation of inventory.

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10.

How might a company obtain a price index in order to apply dollar-value LIFO?
- Calculate an index based on recent inventory purchases.
- Use a general price level index published by the government.
- Use a price index prepared by an industry group.
- All of the above.
Correct Answer

A. All of the above.

Explanation

A company can obtain a price index in order to apply dollar-value LIFO by using any of the mentioned methods. They can calculate an index based on recent inventory purchases, use a general price level index published by the government, or use a price index prepared by an industry group. All of these methods can provide the necessary price index for applying dollar-value LIFO.

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11.

When using a perpetual inventory system?
- No Purchases account is used.
- A Cost of Goods Sold account is used.
- Two entries are required to record a sale.
- All of these.
Correct Answer

A. All of these.

Explanation

When using a perpetual inventory system, all of the given options are correct. In a perpetual inventory system, there is no need for a Purchases account as inventory is continuously updated. A Cost of Goods Sold account is used to record the cost of goods sold during a specific period. Additionally, two entries are required to record a sale: one to decrease the inventory and another to record the revenue from the sale. Therefore, all of these options are applicable when using a perpetual inventory system.

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12.

Ifa company uses the periodic inventory system, what is the impact on the current ratio of including goods in transit f.o.b. shipping point in purchases, but not ending inventory?
- Overstate the current ratio.
- Understate the current ratio.
- No effect on the current ratio
- Not sufficient information to determine effect on the current ratio.
Correct Answer

A. Understate the current ratio.

Explanation

When a company uses the periodic inventory system, goods in transit f.o.b. shipping point are included in purchases but not in the ending inventory. This means that these goods are considered as part of the company's expenses but not as part of its assets. As a result, including goods in transit f.o.b. shipping point in purchases but not in the ending inventory will decrease the company's current assets without affecting its current liabilities. This will lead to a decrease in the current ratio, which measures the company's ability to cover its short-term liabilities with its short-term assets. Therefore, the correct answer is "Understate the current ratio."

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13.

Which of the following is included in inventory costs?
- Product costs.
- Period costs.
- Product and period costs.
- Neither product or period costs.
Correct Answer

A. Product costs.

Explanation

Inventory costs include the costs directly associated with acquiring or producing a product, such as the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. These costs are considered product costs because they are incurred to bring the product to its present location and condition. Period costs, on the other hand, are not included in inventory costs as they are not directly related to the production or acquisition of the product, but rather relate to the overall operation of the business, such as selling, administrative, and marketing expenses.

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14.

Which of the following inventories carried by a manufacturer is similar to the merchandise inventory of a retailer?
- Raw materials
- Work in process
- Finished Goods
- Supplies
Correct Answer

A. Finished Goods

Explanation

Finished Goods inventory is similar to the merchandise inventory of a retailer because it refers to the completed products that are ready for sale to customers. Just like a retailer's merchandise inventory, finished goods inventory represents the final products that have been manufactured or produced and are awaiting delivery or purchase by customers.

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15.

Which of the following accounts is not reported in inventory?
- Raw Materials
- Equipment
- Finished Goods
- Supplies
Correct Answer

A. Equipment

Explanation

Equipment is not reported in inventory because it is considered a fixed asset, not a current asset. Inventory refers to the goods that a company holds for sale in the ordinary course of business, such as raw materials, finished goods, and supplies. Equipment, on the other hand, is used in the production process or for other long-term purposes and is classified as a fixed asset on the balance sheet.

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16.

Which method may be used to record cash discounts a company receives for paying suppliers promptly?
- Net method.
- Gross method.
- Average method.
- A and b.
Correct Answer

A. A and b.

Explanation

The correct answer is "a and b" because both the net method and gross method can be used to record cash discounts that a company receives for paying suppliers promptly. The net method involves recording the cash discount as a reduction in the cost of inventory, while the gross method involves recording the cash discount as a separate income account. Therefore, both methods can be used to accurately record and track the cash discounts received by the company.

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17.

Which inventory costing method most closely approximates current cost for each of the following: Ending Inventory Cost of Goods Sold
- FIFO FIFO
- FIFO LIFO
- LIFO FIFO
- LIFO LIFO
Correct Answer

A. FIFO LIFO

Explanation

FIFO (First-In, First-Out) method assumes that the first items purchased are the first ones sold, which closely approximates the current cost for ending inventory. LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) method assumes that the last items purchased are the first ones sold, which closely approximates the current cost for cost of goods sold. Therefore, FIFO method is more suitable for calculating the current cost of ending inventory, while LIFO method is more suitable for calculating the current cost of goods sold.

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18.

Which of the following is a period cost?
- Labor costs.
- Freight in.
- Production costs.
- Selling costs.
Correct Answer

A. Selling costs.

Explanation

Selling costs are considered period costs because they are incurred during a specific period of time and are not directly associated with the production of goods or services. These costs include expenses related to advertising, marketing, sales commissions, and distribution. Unlike production costs, which are directly tied to the manufacturing process, selling costs are incurred to promote and sell the products or services to customers. Therefore, selling costs are classified as period costs rather than product costs.

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19.

What is consigned inventory?
- Goods that are shipped, but title transfers to the receiver
- Goods that are sold, but payment is not required until the goods are sold.
- Goods that are shipped, but title remains with the shipper.
- Goods that have been segregated for shipment to a customer.
Correct Answer

A. Goods that are shipped, but title remains with the shipper.

Explanation

Consigned inventory refers to goods that are shipped to a retailer or distributor, but the ownership or title of the goods remains with the original supplier or shipper. The retailer or distributor holds the inventory on behalf of the supplier and only pays for the goods once they are sold to the end customer. This arrangement allows the supplier to maintain control over the inventory and reduces the risk of unsold goods for the retailer or distributor.

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20.

On whose books should the cost of the inventory appear at the December 31, 2010 balance sheet date?
- Carne Corporation
- Nolan Corporation
- Norwalk Bank
- Nolan Corporation, with Carne making appropriate note disclosure of the transaction
Correct Answer

A. Carne Corporation

Explanation

The cost of the inventory should appear on the books of Carne Corporation at the December 31, 2010 balance sheet date. This means that Carne Corporation is responsible for recording and reporting the value of the inventory in their financial statements. The other options, Nolan Corporation and Norwalk Bank, are not mentioned as being responsible for the inventory in the question. The last option suggests that Carne Corporation should make note disclosure of the transaction, indicating that they are the ones who should record the inventory.

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21.

In a period of rising prices, the inventory method which tends to give the highest reported net income is
- Base stock.
- First-in, first-out.
- Last-in, first-out.
- Weighted-average.
Correct Answer

A. First-in, first-out.

Explanation

In a period of rising prices, the first-in, first-out (FIFO) inventory method tends to give the highest reported net income. This is because the FIFO method assumes that the items that were purchased first are also the first ones to be sold. As prices rise, the older, lower-cost inventory is sold first, resulting in a lower cost of goods sold (COGS) and a higher reported net income. This is because the COGS is calculated based on the lower cost of the older inventory, while the remaining inventory is valued at the higher current prices.

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22.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a perpetual inventory system?
- Inventory purchases are debited to a Purchases account.
- Inventory records are not kept for every item.
- Cost of goods sold is recorded with each sale.
- Cost of goods sold is determined as the amount of purchases less the change in inventory.
Correct Answer

A. Cost of goods sold is recorded with each sale.

Explanation

A perpetual inventory system is a method of tracking inventory in real-time, where inventory records are continuously updated to reflect purchases, sales, and changes in stock levels. In this system, the cost of goods sold is recorded with each sale, meaning that the cost of the goods sold is immediately recognized and deducted from the inventory account at the time of the sale. This allows for accurate and up-to-date tracking of inventory costs and helps in managing inventory levels efficiently.

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23.

Which of the following is correct?
- Selling costs are product costs.
- Manufacturing overhead costs are product costs
- Interest costs for routine inventories are product costs.
- All of these.
Correct Answer

A. Manufacturing overhead costs are product costs

Explanation

Manufacturing overhead costs are considered product costs because they are directly related to the production process and are necessary for the creation of the final product. These costs include expenses such as factory rent, utilities, equipment depreciation, and indirect labor. Unlike selling costs, which are incurred to promote and distribute the product, manufacturing overhead costs are specifically tied to the manufacturing process and are therefore classified as product costs.

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24.

Goods on consignment are?
- Included in the consignee's inventory.
- Recorded in a Consignment Out account which is an inventory account.
- Recorded in a Consignment In account which is an inventory account.
- All of these
Correct Answer

A. Recorded in a Consignment Out account which is an inventory account.

Explanation

Goods on consignment are recorded in a Consignment Out account, which is an inventory account. This means that the goods are not included in the consignee's inventory, as they still belong to the consignor. The Consignment Out account is used to track the goods that have been sent out on consignment and to record any sales or returns related to those goods. Therefore, the correct answer is that goods on consignment are recorded in a Consignment Out account, which is an inventory account.

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25.

Dolan Co. received merchandise on consignment. As of March 31, Dolan had recorded the transaction as a purchase and included the goods in inventory. The effect of this on its financial statements for March 31 would be
- No effect.
- Net income was correct and current assets and current liabilities were overstated.
- Net income, current assets, and current liabilities were overstated
- Net income and current liabilities were overstated.
Correct Answer

A. Net income was correct and current assets and current liabilities were overstated.

Explanation

When Dolan Co. recorded the consignment as a purchase and included the goods in inventory, it incorrectly increased both its current assets (inventory) and current liabilities (accounts payable). However, since the goods were received on consignment, Dolan Co. does not actually own the goods and should not have recorded them as inventory. As a result, the current assets and current liabilities were overstated on the financial statements. However, net income was not affected because no actual purchase or sale had taken place.

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26.

In a period of rising prices, the inventory method which tends to give the highest reported cost of goods sold is
- FIFO.
- Average cost.
- LIFO.
- None of these.
Correct Answer

A. LIFO.

Explanation

LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) is the inventory method that tends to give the highest reported cost of goods sold during a period of rising prices. This is because under LIFO, the most recent inventory purchases are assumed to be sold first, resulting in higher costs being assigned to goods sold. As prices rise, the older, lower-cost inventory remains on hand, which leads to a higher reported cost of goods sold compared to other inventory methods like FIFO (First-In, First-Out) or average cost.

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27.

How is a significant amount of consignment inventory reported in the balance sheet?
- The inventory is reported separately on the consignor's balance sheet.
- The inventory is combined with other inventory on the consignor's balance sheet.
- The inventory is reported separately on the consignee's balance sheet.
- The inventory is combined with other inventory on the consignee's balance sheet.
Correct Answer

A. The inventory is reported separately on the consignor's balance sheet.

Explanation

When a significant amount of consignment inventory is present, it is reported separately on the consignor's balance sheet. This means that the consignor, who is the owner of the inventory, will list the consignment inventory as a separate line item on their balance sheet. This allows for clear visibility and tracking of the consignment inventory, distinguishing it from the consignor's own inventory.

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28.

Where should goods in transit that were recently purchased f.o.b. destination be included on the balance sheet?
- Accounts payable.
- Inventory.
- Equipment.
- Not on the balance sheet.
Correct Answer

A. Not on the balance sheet.

Explanation

Goods in transit that were recently purchased f.o.b. destination should not be included on the balance sheet because they have not yet been received by the company. The company does not have physical possession of these goods, so they cannot be considered as part of the inventory. They also do not represent a liability or an asset, so they should not be included in the accounts payable or equipment categories. Therefore, the correct answer is that they should not be included on the balance sheet.

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29.

The pricing of issues from inventory must be deferred until the end of the accounting period under the following method of inventory valuation:
- Moving average.
- Weighted-average.
- LIFO perpetual.
- FIFO.
Correct Answer

A. Weighted-average.

Explanation

Under the weighted-average method of inventory valuation, the pricing of issues from inventory is deferred until the end of the accounting period. This means that the cost of goods sold and the value of ending inventory are calculated based on the average cost of all units available for sale during the period. This method ensures that the cost of inventory is spread out evenly across all units, regardless of when they were purchased or produced. Therefore, the pricing of issues from inventory is not determined until the end of the accounting period when the average cost can be calculated accurately.

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30.

Use the following information for questions 35 and 36. During 2010 Carne Corporation transferred inventory to Nolan Corporation and agreed to repurchase the merchandise early in 2011. Nolan then used the inventory as collateral to borrow from Norwalk Bank, remitting the proceeds to Carne. In 2011 when Carne repurchased the inventory, Nolan used the proceeds to repay its bank loan. This transaction is known as a(n)?
- Consignment.
- Installment sale.
- Assignment for the benefit of creditors.
- Product financing arrangement.
Correct Answer

A. Product financing arrangement.

Explanation

The given transaction is known as a product financing arrangement. In this scenario, Carne Corporation transferred inventory to Nolan Corporation with an agreement to repurchase it later. Nolan used the inventory as collateral to borrow from Norwalk Bank and then used the proceeds from the loan to repay the bank when Carne repurchased the inventory. This arrangement involves financing the product through borrowing against the inventory.

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31.

Assuming no beginning inventory, what can be said about the trend of inventory prices if cost of goods sold computed when inventory is valued using the FIFO method exceeds cost of goods sold when inventory is valued using the LIFO method?
- Prices decreased.
- Prices remained unchanged.
- Prices increased.
- Price trend cannot be determined from information given.
Correct Answer

A. Prices decreased.

Explanation

If the cost of goods sold computed using the FIFO method exceeds the cost of goods sold computed using the LIFO method, it suggests that the older, lower-cost inventory items are being sold first under the FIFO method. This means that the remaining inventory consists of newer, higher-cost items. Therefore, the trend of inventory prices would likely be decreasing, as the older, lower-cost items are being sold first and replaced with newer, higher-cost items.

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32.

Costs which are inventoriable include all of the following except
- Costs that are directly connected with the bringing of goods to the place of business of the buyer.
- Costs that are directly connected with the converting of goods to a salable condition.
- Buying costs of a purchasing department.
- Selling costs of a sales department.
Correct Answer

A. Selling costs of a sales department.

Explanation

Inventoriable costs are costs that are directly connected with the production or acquisition of goods. These costs are added to the cost of inventory and are expensed when the inventory is sold. The costs that are directly connected with the bringing of goods to the place of business of the buyer and the costs that are directly connected with the converting of goods to a salable condition are both examples of inventoriable costs. Buying costs of a purchasing department are also considered inventoriable costs. However, selling costs of a sales department are not inventoriable costs because they are not directly connected with the production or acquisition of goods. Instead, selling costs are considered period costs and are expensed in the period they are incurred.

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33.

Ifa company uses the periodic inventory system, what is the impact on net income of including goods in transit f.o.b. shipping point in purchases, but not ending inventory?
- Overstate net income.
- Understate net income.
- No effect on net income.
- Not sufficient information to determine effect on net income.
Correct Answer

A. Understate net income.

Explanation

When a company uses the periodic inventory system, purchases are recorded when goods are received, and the cost of goods sold is calculated at the end of the accounting period. Including goods in transit f.o.b. shipping point in purchases means that these goods are recorded as purchases even though they have not yet been received. However, if these goods are not included in the ending inventory, it means that they will not be considered as part of the cost of goods sold. As a result, the cost of goods sold will be understated, leading to an understatement of expenses and ultimately understating the net income.

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34.

Which of the following types of interest cost incurred in connection with the purchase or manufacture of inventory should be capitalized as a product cost?
- Purchase discounts lost
- Interest incurred during the production of discrete projects such as ships or real estate projects
- Interest incurred on notes payable to vendors for routine purchases made on a repetitive basis
- All of these should be capitalized.
Correct Answer

A. Interest incurred during the production of discrete projects such as ships or real estate projects

Explanation

Interest incurred during the production of discrete projects such as ships or real estate projects should be capitalized as a product cost because it is directly related to the production process and contributes to the cost of the inventory being manufactured. This type of interest cost is considered necessary and integral to the production process and therefore should be included as part of the cost of the inventory.

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35.

If the beginning inventory for 2010 is overstated, the effects of this error on cost of goods sold for 2010, net income for 2010, and assets at December 31, 2011, respectively, are
- Overstatement, understatement, overstatement.
- Overstatement, understatement, no effect.
- Understatement, overstatement, overstatement.
- Understatement, overstatement, no effect.
Correct Answer

A. Overstatement, understatement, no effect.

Explanation

If the beginning inventory for 2010 is overstated, it means that the value of the inventory at the start of the year is higher than it actually is. This would result in an overstatement of the cost of goods sold for 2010 because the higher beginning inventory would be subtracted from the total cost of goods available for sale, leading to a lower cost of goods sold. As a result, net income for 2010 would be understated because the lower cost of goods sold would lead to higher gross profit. However, the overstatement of beginning inventory in 2010 would have no effect on the assets at December 31, 2011, as the error relates to the previous year's inventory.

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36.

Which method of inventory pricing best approximates specific identification of the actual flow of costs and units in most manufacturing situations?
- Average cost
- First-in, first-out
- Last-in, first-out
- Base stock
Correct Answer

A. First-in, first-out

Explanation

First-in, first-out (FIFO) is the method of inventory pricing that best approximates specific identification of the actual flow of costs and units in most manufacturing situations. This method assumes that the first items purchased or produced are the first ones to be sold or used, which is usually the case in manufacturing where older inventory is typically used or sold before newer inventory. FIFO ensures that the cost of goods sold reflects the cost of the oldest inventory, which is more accurate in matching costs with revenue.

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37.

Which of the following items should be included in a company's inventory at the balance sheet date?
- Goods in transit which were purchased f.o.b. destination.
- Goods received from another company for sale on consignment.
- Goods sold to a customer which are being held for the customer to call for at his or her convenience.
- None of these.
Correct Answer

A. None of these.

Explanation

None of the items mentioned should be included in a company's inventory at the balance sheet date. Goods in transit purchased f.o.b. destination do not belong to the company until they reach their destination. Goods received from another company on consignment are not owned by the company and should not be included in their inventory. Goods sold to a customer but being held for the customer to call for at their convenience are not in the company's possession and should not be included in their inventory.

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38.

Green Co. received merchandise on consignment. As of January 31, Green included the goods in inventory, but did not record the transaction. The effect of this on its financial statements for January 31 would be
- Net income, current assets, and retained earnings were overstated.
- Net income was correct and current assets were understated.
- Net income and current assets were overstated and current liabilities were understated
- Net income, current assets, and retained earnings were understated.
Correct Answer

A. Net income, current assets, and retained earnings were overstated.

Explanation

If Green Co. received merchandise on consignment but did not record the transaction, it means that the value of the merchandise was included in the inventory, but no corresponding expense was recognized. This would result in an overstatement of net income because expenses were not properly accounted for. Additionally, since the value of the merchandise was included in the inventory, current assets would be overstated. Retained earnings would also be overstated because net income is a component of retained earnings.

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39.

An inventory pricing procedure in which the oldest costs incurred rarely have an effect on the ending inventory valuation is
- FIFO.
- LIFO
- Base stock.
- Weighted-average.
Correct Answer

A. FIFO.

Explanation

FIFO stands for "First In, First Out" and is an inventory pricing procedure where the oldest costs incurred are assumed to be the first ones sold. This means that the ending inventory valuation is based on the most recent costs, while the oldest costs have little to no effect. In other words, FIFO assumes that the first items purchased are the first ones sold, resulting in a more accurate representation of current inventory value.

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40.

Valuation of inventories requires the determination of all of the following except
- The costs to be included in inventory.
- The physical goods to be included in inventory.
- The cost of goods held on consignment from other companies.
- The cost flow assumption to be adopted.
Correct Answer

A. The cost of goods held on consignment from other companies.

Explanation

Valuation of inventories requires determining the costs to be included in inventory, the physical goods to be included in inventory, and the cost flow assumption to be adopted. However, the cost of goods held on consignment from other companies is not required to determine the valuation of inventories.

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41.

What is the effect of a $50,000 overstatement of last year's inventory on current years ending retained earning balance?
- Understated by $50,000.
- No effect.
- Overstated by $50,000.
- Need more information to determine.
Correct Answer

A. No effect.

Explanation

An overstatement of last year's inventory means that the inventory was recorded at a higher value than it actually was. However, this overstatement does not directly affect the current year's ending retained earnings balance. Retained earnings are calculated by adding net income or subtracting net loss from the beginning retained earnings balance. The inventory overstatement does not directly impact net income or net loss, so it does not affect the ending retained earnings balance. Therefore, the correct answer is "No effect."

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42.

Which of the following is a reason why the specific identification method may be considered ideal for assigning costs to inventory and cost of goods sold?
- The potential for manipulation of net income is reduced.
- There is no arbitrary allocation of costs.
- The cost flow matches the physical flow.
- Able to use on all types of inventory.
Correct Answer

A. The cost flow matches the physical flow.

Explanation

The specific identification method is considered ideal for assigning costs to inventory and cost of goods sold because it allows for the matching of cost flow with the physical flow of inventory. This means that the actual cost of each specific item in inventory is tracked and used to determine the cost of goods sold. This method eliminates the need for arbitrary allocation of costs and reduces the potential for manipulation of net income. Additionally, it can be used for all types of inventory, making it a versatile and accurate method of cost assignment.

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43.

In a period of rising prices, the inventory method which tends to give the highest reported inventory is
- FIFO.
- Moving average
- LIFO.
- Weighted-average.
Correct Answer

A. FIFO.

Explanation

In a period of rising prices, the FIFO (First-In, First-Out) inventory method tends to give the highest reported inventory. This is because the FIFO method assumes that the items purchased or produced first are the first ones to be sold, leaving the more recently purchased or produced items in inventory. As prices are rising, the older, lower-cost items are being sold first, resulting in a higher reported inventory value.

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44.

Use the following information for questions 56 and 57. During 2010, which was the first year of operations, Oswald Company had merchandise purchases of $985,000 before cash discounts. All purchases were made on terms of 2/10, n/30. Three-fourths of the items purchased were paid for within 10 days of purchase. All of the goods available had been sold at year end. Which of the following recording procedures would result in the highest cost of goods sold for 2010? 1. Recording purchases at gross amounts 2. Recording purchases at net amounts, with the amount of discounts not taken shown under "other expenses" in the income statement
- 1
- 2
- Either 1 or 2 will result in the same cost of goods sold.
- Cannot be determined from the information provided.
Correct Answer

A. 1

Explanation

Recording purchases at gross amounts would result in the highest cost of goods sold for 2010. This is because recording purchases at gross amounts includes the full amount of the purchases before any cash discounts are taken. By not deducting the amount of discounts taken from the cost of goods sold, the cost of goods sold will be higher compared to recording purchases at net amounts.

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45.

Which of the following recording procedures would result in the highest net income for 2010? 1. Recording purchases at gross amounts 2. Recording purchases at net amounts, with the amount of discounts not taken shown under "other expenses" in the income statement
- 1
- 2
- Either 1 or 2 will result in the same net income.
- Cannot be determined from the information provided.
Correct Answer

A. Either 1 or 2 will result in the same net income.

Explanation

Both options 1 and 2 will result in the same net income for 2010. Option 1 records purchases at gross amounts, which means the full amount of the purchases is recorded as an expense. Option 2 records purchases at net amounts, taking into account any discounts not taken. However, the amount of discounts not taken is shown under "other expenses" in the income statement. Therefore, the net income will be the same for both options, regardless of whether discounts are taken into account or not.

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46.

Which of the following is not considered an advantage of LIFO when prices are rising?
- The inventory will be overstated.
- The more recent costs are matched against current revenues.
- There will be a deferral of income tax.
- A company's future reported earnings will not be affected substantially by future price declines.
Correct Answer

A. The inventory will be overstated.

Explanation

When prices are rising, LIFO (Last In, First Out) method assumes that the most recent inventory purchases are sold first, resulting in the older, lower-cost inventory remaining in the balance sheet. This leads to a higher cost of goods sold and lower ending inventory, which can reduce the company's reported earnings and income tax liability. However, one disadvantage of LIFO in this scenario is that the inventory will be overstated. This is because the older, lower-cost inventory is still valued at older prices, which do not reflect the current higher prices. This can misrepresent the true value of the inventory on the balance sheet.

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47.

Feine Co. accepted delivery of merchandise which it purchased on account. As of December 31, Feine had recorded the transaction, but did not include the merchandise in its inventory. The effect of this on its financial statements for December 31 would be
- Net income, current assets, and retained earnings were understated.
- Net income was correct and current assets were understated.
- Net income was understated and current liabilities were overstated.
- Net income was overstated and current assets were understated.
Correct Answer

A. Net income, current assets, and retained earnings were understated.

Explanation

The effect of not including the merchandise in its inventory would result in an understatement of net income, current assets, and retained earnings. This is because the cost of the merchandise would not be recognized as an expense, leading to an understatement of expenses and therefore an overstatement of net income. Additionally, not including the merchandise in the inventory would result in an understatement of current assets, as the value of the merchandise would not be included. Finally, retained earnings would also be understated as net income is a component of retained earnings.

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48.

Tanner Corporation's inventory cost on its balance sheet was lower using first-in, first-out than it would have been using last-in, first-out. Assuming no beginning inventory, in what direction did the cost of purchases move during the period?
- Up
- Down
- Steady
- Cannot be determined
Correct Answer

A. Down

Explanation

The cost of purchases moved down during the period. This is because the inventory cost on the balance sheet was lower using first-in, first-out (FIFO) than it would have been using last-in, first-out (LIFO). In FIFO, the oldest inventory is sold first, resulting in lower inventory costs. Therefore, if the inventory cost on the balance sheet was lower using FIFO, it suggests that the cost of purchases decreased during the period.

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49.

Which of the following statements is not true as it relates to the dollar-value LIFO inven- tory method?
- It is easier to erode LIFO layers using dollar-value LIFO techniques than it is with specific goods pooled LIFO.
- Under the dollar-value LIFO method, it is possible to have the entire inventory in only one pool.
- Several pools are commonly employed in using the dollar-value LIFO inventory method.
- Under dollar-value LIFO, increases and decreases in a pool are determined and measured in terms of total dollar value, not physical quantity.
Correct Answer

A. It is easier to erode LIFO layers using dollar-value LIFO techniques than it is with specific goods pooled LIFO.

Explanation

The correct answer states that it is easier to erode LIFO layers using dollar-value LIFO techniques than it is with specific goods pooled LIFO. This means that the dollar-value LIFO method allows for more flexibility in manipulating the inventory layers to achieve desired financial results. In contrast, specific goods pooled LIFO requires more specific identification and tracking of inventory items, making it more difficult to manipulate the layers.

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Chp.8

In situations where there is a rapid turnover, an inventory method which produces a balance sheet valuation similar to the first-in, first-out method is

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Goods in transit which are shipped f.o.b. destination should be?

In a period of rising prices which inventory method generally provides the greatest amount of net income?

In a period of falling prices, which inventory method generally provides the greatest In amount of net income?

Where should raw materials be classified on the balance sheet?

Goods in transit which are shipped f.o.b. shipping point should be?

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On whose books should the cost of the inventory appear at the December 31, 2010 balance sheet date?

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Dolan Co. received merchandise on consignment. As of March 31, Dolan had recorded the transaction as a purchase and included the goods in inventory. The effect of this on its financial statements for March 31 would be

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How is a significant amount of consignment inventory reported in the balance sheet?

Where should goods in transit that were recently purchased f.o.b. destination be included on the balance sheet?

The pricing of issues from inventory must be deferred until the end of the accounting period under the following method of inventory valuation:

Assuming no beginning inventory, what can be said about the trend of inventory prices if cost of goods sold computed when inventory is valued using the FIFO method exceeds cost of goods sold when inventory is valued using the LIFO method?

Costs which are inventoriable include all of the following except

Ifa company uses the periodic inventory system, what is the impact on net income of including goods in transit f.o.b. shipping point in purchases, but not ending inventory?

Which of the following types of interest cost incurred in connection with the purchase or manufacture of inventory should be capitalized as a product cost?

If the beginning inventory for 2010 is overstated, the effects of this error on cost of goods sold for 2010, net income for 2010, and assets at December 31, 2011, respectively, are

Which method of inventory pricing best approximates specific identification of the actual flow of costs and units in most manufacturing situations?

Which of the following items should be included in a company's inventory at the balance sheet date?

Green Co. received merchandise on consignment. As of January 31, Green included the goods in inventory, but did not record the transaction. The effect of this on its financial statements for January 31 would be

An inventory pricing procedure in which the oldest costs incurred rarely have an effect on the ending inventory valuation is

Valuation of inventories requires the determination of all of the following except

What is the effect of a $50,000 overstatement of last year's inventory on current years ending retained earning balance?

Which of the following is a reason why the specific identification method may be considered ideal for assigning costs to inventory and cost of goods sold?

In a period of rising prices, the inventory method which tends to give the highest reported inventory is

Which of the following recording procedures would result in the highest net income for 2010? 1. Recording purchases at gross amounts 2. Recording purchases at net amounts, with the amount of discounts not taken shown under "other expenses" in the income statement

Which of the following is not considered an advantage of LIFO when prices are rising?

Feine Co. accepted delivery of merchandise which it purchased on account. As of December 31, Feine had recorded the transaction, but did not include the merchandise in its inventory. The effect of this on its financial statements for December 31 would be

Tanner Corporation's inventory cost on its balance sheet was lower using first-in, first-out than it would have been using last-in, first-out. Assuming no beginning inventory, in what direction did the cost of purchases move during the period?

Which of the following statements is not true as it relates to the dollar-value LIFO inven- tory method?