YMCA L2 Anatomy - Joints

Explanation
A joint that is slightly moveable is classified as cartilaginous. Cartilaginous joints are connected by cartilage, allowing for limited movement. These joints provide stability and support to the body. Examples of cartilaginous joints include the joints between the vertebrae in the spine and the pubic symphysis in the pelvis.

Explanation
All synovial joints are characterized by their ability to freely move. Unlike immovable joints, such as those found in the skull, synovial joints have a wide range of motion. They are also different from slightly moveable joints, which have limited movement. Additionally, synovial joints are characterized by the presence of cartilage, which helps to cushion and protect the joint surfaces. Therefore, the correct answer is "Freely moveable."

Explanation
The skull is an example of an immovable joint because it is made up of several bones that are fused together, forming a solid structure. This lack of movement allows the skull to protect the brain and provide stability to the head. Unlike the shoulder and hip joints, which are ball-and-socket joints that allow for a wide range of movement, the immovable joint of the skull ensures that the bones remain fixed in place. The thoracic vertebrae, although they are connected by joints, are not immovable joints as they allow for some movement, such as rotation and bending.

Explanation
Synovial fluid is the correct answer because it is the fluid that lubricates freely-moveable joints. It is a thick, gel-like substance that helps reduce friction between the bones in the joint, allowing for smooth and pain-free movement. The synovial fluid also provides nutrients to the cartilage and helps remove waste products, contributing to the overall health and function of the joint.

Explanation
Cartilaginous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by cartilage. Intervertebral discs are found between the vertebrae in the spine and act as shock absorbers, allowing for flexibility and movement. Therefore, it is in the intervertebral discs that cartilaginous joints are found. The knee, ankle, and elbow joints are examples of synovial joints, where the bones are connected by a synovial membrane and surrounded by a joint capsule.

Explanation
Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that link bone to bone, providing stability and support to joints. They help to prevent excessive movement and maintain the alignment of bones during movements. Ligaments are elastic and have a limited range of motion, allowing for controlled and coordinated movements. Tendons, on the other hand, connect muscle to bone and are responsible for transmitting forces generated by muscle contractions. Muscles are responsible for generating movement and providing strength, while cartilage is a flexible connective tissue that covers the ends of bones and provides cushioning and shock absorption.

Explanation
Cartilage is the correct answer because in a synovial joint, the ends of connecting bones are covered with cartilage. Cartilage is a smooth and flexible connective tissue that acts as a cushion between bones, reducing friction and allowing for smooth movement of the joint. It provides support and protection to the bones and helps in shock absorption during movements. The synovial membrane, tendons, and ligaments are also important components of a synovial joint, but they do not directly cover the ends of connecting bones.

Explanation
The elbow is an example of a hinge joint because it allows movement in only one direction, similar to a door hinge. It enables flexion and extension, allowing the arm to bend and straighten. The other options, ankle, wrist, and neck, are not hinge joints as they allow for more complex movements in multiple directions.

Explanation
A gliding joint is a type of synovial joint that allows bones to glide past one another in multiple directions. The carpals, which are the bones in the wrist, are an example of a gliding joint. The bones in the wrist are able to move and glide smoothly against each other, allowing for flexibility and a wide range of motion in the hand and wrist. Therefore, the correct answer is Carpals.

Explanation
The humerus and scapula meet to form a ball and socket joint. This type of joint allows for a wide range of movement in multiple directions, similar to how a ball can move in any direction within a socket. The rounded head of the humerus fits into the shallow socket of the scapula, allowing for movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation of the arm.

Explanation
A condyloid joint is found in the wrist. This type of joint allows for movement in two directions, allowing the wrist to move forward and backward as well as side to side. The bones in a condyloid joint have convex and concave surfaces that fit together, allowing for this type of movement. The other options, such as gliding, ball and socket, and hinge, do not accurately describe the type of joint found in the wrist.

Explanation
The ball and socket joint has the greatest range of movement among the given types of synovial joints. This is because it allows movement in multiple directions, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. The rounded head of one bone fits into the cup-shaped socket of another bone, allowing for a wide range of motion.

Explanation
The sacral region of the spine has the least potential movement because it is located at the bottom of the spine and is fused with the pelvis. This fusion limits the range of motion and flexibility in the sacral region compared to other regions of the spine. The thoracic, lumbar, and cervical regions have more potential movement due to the presence of individual vertebrae that allow for greater mobility.

Explanation
Articular cartilage is a smooth, slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones in synovial joints. Its main function is to reduce friction, allowing for easy movement, and to absorb shock, protecting the bones from impact. Without this cartilage, joint movement would be painful and bone damage would occur.

Explanation
The shoulder is an example of a ball and socket joint because it consists of a rounded ball-shaped end of one bone (the humerus) that fits into a cup-like socket of another bone (the scapula). This type of joint allows for a wide range of motion in multiple directions, such as rotation, flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. The wrist, knee, and ankle joints are not ball and socket joints, as they have different structures and allow for more limited movements.