Yet Another Hemodynamic & Shock Quiz
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For those of you who love all things biology and living organisms especially emboli and how the human body works, then this is the quiz for you. If you are prepared to test your knowledge try it out.
- 1.True or False. An Embolus is a freely movable, intravascular mass that's carried from one anatomic site to another by the blood.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 2.The most common form of emboli that represent fragments of thrombi carried by venous or arterial blood is best known as:
- A.
Embolus
- B.
Venous Emboli
- C.
Thromboemboli
- D.
Fat emboli
- E.
Saddle emboli
- 3.Which embolus includes fat emboli occurring after bone fracture and amniotic fluid emboli caused by placental abruption?
- A.
Liquid Emboli
- B.
Paradoxical Emboli
- C.
Venous Emboli
- D.
Arterial Emboli
- E.
Solid Particle Emboli
- 4.Which emboli is produced by injecting air, that is liberated under pressure, into veins?
- A.
Solid Particle Emboli
- B.
Pulmonary Emboli
- C.
Paradoxical Emboli
- D.
Arterial Emboli
- E.
Gaseaous Emboli
- 5.True or False. Saddle emboli are like cholesterol crystals that can detach from atherosclerotic plaques, as well as from tumor cells, bone marrow emboli or bullets.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 6.Which type of emboli is typically known for causing pulmonary embolism after being lodged in the pulmonary artery?
- A.
Gaseous Emboli
- B.
Liquid Emboli
- C.
Thomboemboli
- D.
Venous Emboli
- E.
Paradoxical Emboli
- 7.____________ originate in the left atrium or ventricle, aorta and major arteries; carried by arterial blood; and are important causes of Infarction.
- A.
Arterial Emboli
- B.
Venous Emboli
- C.
Capillary Emboli
- D.
Seriously, this is a gimme
- 8.Which is/(are) common site(s) for Arterial Emboli?
- A.
Brain, heart
- B.
Retina
- C.
Lower leg
- D.
Kidney, small intestine
- E.
All of the above
- 9.What would be a common source for Venous Emboli?
- A.
Infected venous catheter
- B.
PE with or without infarction
- C.
Thromboembolus of main PA
- D.
A, B & C
- E.
None of the above
- 10.True or False. Paradoxical Emboli are venous emboli that reach the arterial circulation through the foramen ovale or an interventricular septal defect, that can cause Sx similar to those of arterial emboli.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 11.__________ is the most important complication of venous emboli that typically originate in the deep veins of the lower extremities. Massive _____________ may occlude the main pulmonary artery or its branches.
- A.
Saddle emboli; infarctions
- B.
Solid Particle emboli; kidney stones
- C.
Pulmonary embolis; thromboembolus
- D.
Cerebral infarction; carotid clots
- E.
Dr. Fische; plugs
- 12.This type of emboli is often lethal because they prevent the entry of blood into the lungs and cause acute right heart failure and severe hypotension. They are large venous clots at the entry of the main pulmonary artery.
- A.
Paradoxical emboli
- B.
Saddle emboli
- C.
Ischemic emboli
- D.
Liquid emboli
- 13.Sources of arterial emboli include:
- A.
Carotid artery
- B.
Mural thrombus
- C.
Endocarditis
- D.
Aortic Atherosclerosis
- E.
All of the above
- 14.Arterial Emboli originate from common causes of ischemia in various organs and most originate from the __________ or from _________ thrombi.
- A.
Aorta; arterial
- B.
Epithelial tissue; tricuspid
- C.
Endocardium; valvular
- D.
Myocardium; tubular
- E.
Pericardium; valvular
- 15.Which organ is typically at risk for an arterial emboli? Which artery is typically lodged?
- A.
Heart; left coronary artery
- B.
Spleen; splenic artery
- C.
Kidney; renal artery
- D.
Brain; middle cerebral artery
- E.
Penis; deep artery (ouch)!
- 16.Splen infarcts that are also susceptible to arterial emboli are usually associated with:
- A.
Sharp subcostal pain
- B.
Sharp axillary pain
- C.
Dull epigastric pain
- D.
Boring hypogastric pain
- E.
Sharp hyperchondriac pain
- 17.Which best describes the result of an embolus that lodges in one of the mjor intestinal arteries, causing gangrene and necrosis of the bowel?
- A.
Splenic infarcts
- B.
Renal infarcts
- C.
Cerebral infarcts
- D.
Intestinal infarcts
- 18.Which embolus is particularly with long bone fractures?
- A.
Saddle embolus
- B.
Fat embolus
- C.
Liquid embolus
- D.
Solid particle embolus
- 19.Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) appears 1-3 days after fatty marrow into damaged blood vessels following severe trauma to fat-containing tissue and its most severe form is characterized by______________
- A.
Respiratory failure
- B.
CHF
- C.
Renal failure
- D.
Mental failure after behavioral health lecture
- 20.The transformation of fluid blood into a solid aggregate encompassing blood cells and fibrin defines:
- A.
Embolus
- B.
Thrombocytopenia
- C.
Coagulation
- D.
Thombosis
- 21.The 4 types of Thrombi locations are:
- A.
Arterial, Venous, Capillary, Pre-capillary
- B.
Mural, Arterial, Venous, Capillary
- C.
Intramural, Arterial, Venous, Microvascular
- D.
Intravascular, Arterial, Venous, Macrovascular
- 22.Common sites of Thrombus formation include:
- A.
Carotid and Cerebral arteries
- B.
Aortic atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm
- C.
Coronary arteries
- D.
A, C, & Varicose veins
- E.
All of the above
- 23.The most common reason for DIC, which is typical of Microvascular Thrombi, is due to:
- A.
Gram-positive sepsis
- B.
Gram-negative sepsis
- C.
Gram-positive coagulation
- D.
Gram-negative coagulation
- 24.The two classifications of thrombi are ________ composed of tightly intermixed RBCs and fibrin, and ________, which have cellular elements and fibrin microscopically called _______.
- A.
White; Red; Lines of Zion
- B.
Red; White; Lines of Zahn
- C.
Red; Layered; Lines of Zahn
- D.
Red; Layered; Lines of Zulu
- 25.Which term is an insufficiency of blood supply of sudden onset that results in an area of ischemic necrosis; caused by either thrombosis or emboli and may be arterial or venous?
- A.
Ischemia
- B.
Infarction
- C.
Angina
- D.
Thrombopenia
- E.
Embolism
- 26._________ are typical of arterial occlusion in solid organs (heart, kidneys, etc.) ________ are typical of venous obstruction involving the intestines or testes.
- A.
White infarcts; Red infarcts
- B.
Red infarcts; White infarcts
- C.
Layered infarcts; Red infarcts
- D.
Layered infarcts; White infarcts
- 27.Acute myocardial infarcts and splenic infarcts are examples of
- A.
Red infarcts
- B.
White infarcts
- C.
Did you just say fart?
- 28.Cecal volvulus, twisting of the mesentery and testicular torsion are examples of
- A.
Red infarcts
- B.
White infarcts
- C.
Honestly, the more you say infarct, its sounds like I farted
- 29.As a result of venous compression, this leads to:
- A.
Venous blockage, systemic ischemia, and necrosis
- B.
Venous occlusion, local anesthesia, and necrosis
- C.
Venous congestion, local ischemia, and necrosis
- D.
Venous congestion, arterial ischemia, and necrosis
- 30.Myocardial infarcts cannot be repaired except by replacement of damaged cells with fibrous tissue. This results in:
- A.
Myocardial fibrosis and scarring
- B.
Myocardial necrosis and infection
- C.
Myocardial atrophy and scarring
- D.
Myocardial infection and necrosis
- 31.Which other organ cannot repair itself by regeneration, without fibrous scars forming and instead leaving behind a cyst filled with clear fluid?
- A.
Pancreas
- B.
Brain
- C.
Spleen
- D.
Liver
- E.
Kidney
- 32.The process that the brain has to take on the cyst filled cavity that liquefied brain tissue left behind is known as
- A.
Hemeiosis
- B.
Meiosis
- C.
Gliosis
- D.
Mitosis
- E.
Globulosis
- 33.Which infarction is caused by infected thrombi or emboli that shows signd of inflammation and may transform into an abscess that heals poorly due to inadequate blood supply to infarcted area?
- A.
White infarcts
- B.
Red infarcts
- C.
Septic infarcts
- 34.Shock is best defined as:
- A.
A state of hypoperfusion of tissues with blood, caused by one of three mechanisms
- B.
A state of hyperperfusion of tissues with blood, caused by one of three mechanisms
- C.
A state of confusion, because I'm not sure which is which
- 35.Cellular hypoxia causes a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism with an increased production in what?
- A.
Metabolic acidosis
- B.
Lactic acid
- C.
Respiratory acidosis
- D.
Pyruvic acid
- 36.Major causes of shock include all of the following except
- A.
Internal or external hemorrhage
- B.
Severe trauma
- C.
Massive UTI
- D.
Extensive burns
- E.
Massive PE
- 37.Cardiogenic shock results in the loss of contractile elements deceasing the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to heart failure and possible arrhythmia. Similar consequences may result with:
- A.
Myocarditis, valvular heart disease or CHF
- B.
Peritonitis, arterial heart disease or ARDS
- C.
Myocarditis, peritonitis, or CHF
- D.
Myocarditis, valvular heart disease or PE
- 38.True or False. Hypotonic shock results from a loss of ciculatory volume, attributed to massive hemorrhage or to water loss related to a massive burn, vomiting, or diarrhea.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 39.The most common cause of death in ICU's is due to which type of shock?
- A.
Cardiogenic shock
- B.
Hypovolemic shock
- C.
Septic shock
- 40.The vasoconstriction of renal blood vessels results in renal hypoperfusion and a decreased GFR, activates renin-angiotensin system, thus increasing the cardiac output and blood pressure. This stage of shock is reversible and treatable.
- A.
Cardiogenic stage
- B.
Nonprogressive stage
- C.
Progressive stage
- D.
Septic stage
- 41.In the Progressive stage, ________ also has a depressive effect on the heart, further potentiating pump failure, favoring the formation of pulmonary edema and ARDS.
- A.
Lactic Acidosis
- B.
Metabolic Alkalosis
- C.
Metabolic Acidosis
- D.
Lactic Alkalosis
- 42.Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome is a disease of
- A.
Adrenal glands
- B.
Thyroid gland
- C.
Parotid glands
- D.
Salivary glands
- E.
Pituitary gland
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