World War II 5/29/11 Finial Test Practice

The correct answer is Communism. The Soviet Union, under the leadership of Stalin, practiced a form of communism known as Marxism-Leninism. In this system, the government controlled all means of production and distribution, and there was no private ownership of property. The goal was to create a classless society where resources were shared equally among the people. However, in practice, the Soviet Union became a totalitarian state with a centrally planned economy and limited political freedoms.

The correct answer is "Nazism". This is because the question is asking for another name for Hitler's Nazi party, and Nazism is the ideology and political movement associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It was characterized by extreme nationalism, racism, and authoritarianism.

On December 7, 1941, the attack on Pearl Harbor occurred. This event marked the entry of the United States into World War II. The surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service resulted in significant damage to the US Pacific Fleet stationed at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. The attack led to the loss of numerous American lives and caused extensive damage to the naval base. It remains a pivotal moment in history and is often remembered as a day of infamy.

During the Depression, black Americans suffered special hardships due to a combination of factors. Unemployed whites seeking positions formerly held by blacks contributed to their difficulties by increasing competition for limited job opportunities. The sharecropping system becoming unprofitable further exacerbated the economic challenges faced by black Americans. Additionally, blacks did not receive their fair share of relief benefits, which worsened their situation. The continuing racial prejudice in the nation added another layer of discrimination and inequality, intensifying the hardships experienced by black Americans. Therefore, all of the answers below accurately capture the various factors that caused the special hardships endured by black Americans during the Depression.

The Great Depression was caused by a combination of factors, including agricultural overproduction, unequal distribution of wealth, overextension of credit, and barriers to foreign trade. Agricultural overproduction led to a decline in prices and income for farmers, exacerbating economic hardships. The unequal distribution of wealth meant that a large portion of the population did not have enough purchasing power to sustain economic growth. Overextension of credit resulted in excessive borrowing and speculation, leading to a collapse in the financial system. Finally, barriers to foreign trade limited international commerce and further contributed to the economic downturn. Therefore, all of these factors played a role in causing the Great Depression.

Francisco Franco was the fascist dictator of Spain who came to power after leading rebels to overthrow the republican form of government of Spain. He was supported by Hitler and Mussolini during his rise to power. Additionally, America's neutrality during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 aided Franco's ascent to power.

Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise of experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform to combat the Great Depression. This suggests that he intended to implement innovative and progressive policies to address the economic crisis and bring about social change. This approach was in contrast to returning to the traditional policies of laissez-faire capitalism, which had been ineffective in dealing with the Depression. Additionally, Roosevelt aimed to differentiate himself from President Hoover by not continuing his policies but instead pursuing new and bold initiatives.

Benito Mussolini was the dictator of Italy. His fascist aggression in the 1930s included the invasion of Ethiopia. Mussolini established a totalitarian regime in Italy and sought to expand Italian influence through military conquests. The invasion of Ethiopia was one of his aggressive actions, aimed at establishing Italian dominance in East Africa. Mussolini's fascist regime aligned with Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany during World War II, forming the Axis powers. However, Mussolini's rule ultimately ended in failure and he was overthrown in 1943.

Many Americans viewed WWII as a positive experience because it ended the Great Depression. The war led to a significant increase in government spending, which stimulated the economy and created jobs. The production of war materials also provided a boost to industries, leading to economic growth. Additionally, the war brought about technological advancements and innovations that further contributed to economic prosperity. As a result, many Americans saw the end of the Great Depression as a direct outcome of the war and therefore viewed it as a positive experience.

After Adolf Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union, Germany invaded Poland and started World War II. This event marked the beginning of the war as it violated the terms of the pact and triggered a chain reaction of military actions and alliances.

In the 1920s, fascism began to emerge as a political movement in Europe. Fascism is a far-right ideology that promotes authoritarianism, nationalism, and the suppression of political opposition. It gained popularity in countries like Italy under Benito Mussolini and Germany under Adolf Hitler. Fascism appealed to people who were disillusioned with the political and economic instability of the time and sought strong leaders who promised stability and national greatness. Its rise ultimately led to the outbreak of World War II and had a significant impact on European history.

In 1936, the American public held a negative stance towards war. They were not in favor of engaging in any kind of conflict.

In 1933, Hitler became chancellor of Germany. This marked the beginning of his rise to power and the start of his Nazi regime. Hitler's appointment as chancellor allowed him to implement his policies, consolidate his control over the government, and ultimately establish a dictatorship in Germany. This event had far-reaching consequences, leading to the persecution of various groups, the outbreak of World War II, and the Holocaust.

WWII began on September 1, 1939. This is the correct answer because it is widely accepted that the invasion of Poland by Germany marked the beginning of the war. On this date, Germany launched a full-scale attack on Poland, prompting France and the United Kingdom to declare war on Germany two days later. This event is considered the catalyst for the start of WWII.

The correct answer is Joseph Stalin. He was the dictator of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1953. During his rule, Stalin implemented aggressive policies, including the Soviet take-over of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland.

The League of Nations condemned Japan's aggression, but was unable to stop it. Japan's decision to withdraw from the league was a direct result of the league's inability to effectively address and prevent Japanese aggression. This response by the league demonstrated its limited power and influence in resolving international conflicts and maintaining peace.

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Adolf Hitler was the fascist dictator whose aggression in the 1930s included the invasion of Czechoslovakia. Hitler, as the leader of Nazi Germany, pursued a policy of territorial expansion and sought to establish a Greater German Reich. In 1938, he demanded the annexation of the Sudetenland, a region in Czechoslovakia with a large German-speaking population. When his demands were not met, Hitler ordered the invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, effectively dismantling the country and incorporating it into Nazi Germany.

President Roosevelt's "Court-packing" scheme in 1937 aimed to increase the number of Supreme Court justices in order to gain a more sympathetic Court towards his New Deal programs. By appointing additional justices who shared his political ideologies, Roosevelt hoped to have a Court that would be more supportive of the policies and legislation associated with the New Deal. This move was seen as an attempt to shape the Court's composition in a way that would favor his political agenda.

When Franklin Roosevelt became president, the most pressing problem he faced was unemployment. The Great Depression had caused widespread joblessness and economic hardship, with millions of Americans out of work. Roosevelt implemented various measures through his New Deal programs to address unemployment, such as creating jobs through public works projects, providing relief to the unemployed, and implementing labor reforms. His administration's focus on tackling unemployment was crucial in stabilizing the economy and providing relief to those affected by the Great Depression.

During the height of the Depression in 1932, the unemployment rate was estimated to be around 25 percent. This suggests that a significant portion of the population was unable to find employment during this time, highlighting the severity of the economic crisis.

After the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt responded by asking Congress for a declaration of war on Japan. This request was supported by the Senate and only one member of the House dissented, resulting in a unanimous vote in favor of declaring war on Japan.

The Dust Bowl of the 1930s was primarily caused by a combination of drought, wind erosion, and poor land management practices. Dry-farming techniques, which were commonly used during this time, actually contributed to the problem by depleting the soil of moisture. However, the farmers' failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment did not directly contribute to the Dust Bowl. The main factors were the lack of rain and strong winds, which caused the topsoil to become loose and easily carried away by the wind.

During the Great Depression, Americans reacted in various ways. Some accused corporate moguls and international bankers of causing much of the distress, blaming them for the economic difficulties. Others blamed themselves for their own financial struggles, feeling responsible for their circumstances. Many looked to the government for assistance, recognizing that the situation was a societal problem that required collective action. Additionally, some individuals felt shame over their inability to find work, further highlighting the impact of the economic crisis on their self-esteem. Therefore, all of the given answers accurately reflect the different reactions of Americans during the Depression.

Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935 and completely dominated Ethiopia by 1936. This aggressive action by Italy during the 1930s was aimed at expanding its colonial empire in Africa. Italy's invasion of Ethiopia was part of its larger plan to establish Italian East Africa, which also included Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. The invasion of Ethiopia was met with international condemnation and led to Italy's isolation in the League of Nations. Despite facing resistance from Ethiopian forces, Italy's superior military power eventually allowed them to dominate and occupy Ethiopia by 1936.

The League of Nations condemned the invasion and imposed sanctions, but these actions had little effect. Despite the condemnation and sanctions, Italy continued with its aggression and invaded Ethiopia in 1935. The League of Nations failed to take strong and decisive action to stop Italian aggression, leading to a loss of credibility and undermining its authority. This lack of response ultimately contributed to the League's ineffectiveness in preventing further acts of aggression and ultimately its demise.

The correct answer is "Two days after the war started, the United States officially declared its neutrality." This means that the United States chose not to take sides in the conflict and remained neutral.

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In the Scottsboro case of the 1930s, all of the events mentioned occurred except for the fact that the youths eventually were acquitted by one of the juries that heard the case. The eight young blacks were sentenced to death, an organization associated with the Communist party came to their aid, all of the youths eventually gained their freedom, and the Supreme Court overturned the original convictions. However, they were not acquitted by one of the juries that heard the case.

During the Great Depression, both blacks and Hispanics faced hardships. However, the Hispanics faced an additional problem of having little access to public schools and hospitals. This meant that they had limited opportunities for education and healthcare, which further exacerbated their difficulties during this challenging time. This lack of access to essential public services contributed to the overall inequality and discrimination faced by the Hispanic community during the Depression.

During the Depression, many blacks were allowed to join labor unions. This advancement in equal rights for blacks occurred because labor unions recognized the importance of including black workers in their organizations. By allowing blacks to join labor unions, they were given the opportunity to have better working conditions, fair wages, and protection against discrimination. This helped to challenge racial inequality and promote equal rights for blacks in the workforce.

The correct answer suggests that despite the availability of federal relief, Americans in Muncie, Indiana, in the mid-1930s still held onto their belief in individualism. This means that they continued to value self-reliance and independence, even though their independence may have been undermined by the presence of federal assistance.

During wartime, female workers were treated as temporary employees. They were not provided with daycare facilities or flexible working hours to accommodate their childcare responsibilities. Additionally, they were paid significantly less than their male counterparts.

During the time period between 1929 and 1932, farmers in the Dust Bowl of the South and Midwest faced several challenges. These included a decline in rainfall, overproduction in agriculture, and losses of land to foreclosures. However, they did not experience rapidly rising prices. This means that while farmers were struggling with factors such as drought, overproduction, and losing their land, they did not have to deal with the additional burden of prices increasing rapidly.

The appeasement policy refers to the strategy adopted by France and Britain where they chose not to take any action against German aggression in order to avoid war. This approach involved giving in to the demands of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in the hopes of maintaining peace. However, this policy ultimately failed as it only emboldened Hitler and allowed him to continue his aggressive expansionist policies, eventually leading to the outbreak of World War II.

Black soldiers were in segregated units and were assigned to menial duties. This means that the U.S. military treated black soldiers differently from white soldiers. They were separated into separate units based on their race and were given less important tasks to perform. This indicates a clear racial discrimination and unequal treatment towards black soldiers within the military.

The closing of over 9000 American banks between 1930 and 1933 would have led to a decrease in the money supply. When banks close, people lose access to their deposits, leading to a decrease in the amount of money available in the economy. With less money circulating, there would be a decrease in the money supply, which can have negative effects on economic activity and growth. This decrease in the money supply could have contributed to the economic hardships experienced during the Great Depression.

During the Depression, there was a significant increase in the number of women working compared to before. This suggests that more women were entering the workforce during this time, potentially due to economic necessity or the need to support their families. The increase of 30 percent indicates a substantial shift in the situation of women in the workforce during the Depression.

During the Depression, women faced various challenges in the workforce. While it is true that a higher percentage of women were working by the end of the Depression, there was still a general belief that women should not work if their husbands had jobs. Additionally, black women in the South suffered from massive unemployment as domestic service jobs were greatly reduced. Unemployment for women in sales and clerical positions was generally lower than for male industrial workers. However, the statement that women experienced a significant increase in gaining opportunities for jobs in professional fields of work is not true.

The collapse of the international credit structure in the early 1930s was fostered by the U.S. policy of loaning less money to foreign countries. This policy led to a decrease in the flow of capital from the United States to other nations, which in turn contributed to economic instability and the collapse of the credit structure. By reducing the amount of money loaned to foreign countries, the United States limited their ability to repay debts and stimulate economic growth, exacerbating the global economic crisis of the time.

During the Depression, people who lived in the industrial Northeast and Midwest experienced an influx of "Okies" who took jobs from professional workers. This means that there was an increase in the number of people from Oklahoma (referred to as "Okies") who migrated to the industrial areas in search of employment. These migrants were able to find jobs, which led to professional workers losing out on employment opportunities. This influx of "Okies" contributed to the overall unemployment rates being considerably lower in the industrial areas compared to rural areas.

The given answer suggests that in response to the Depression, American social values did not undergo significant or drastic changes. This implies that despite the economic hardships and challenges faced during the Depression, the core social values and beliefs of the American society remained relatively stable and unchanged.

The correct answer is the Japanese occupation of Manchuria in 1931, and a full-scale occupation of China in 1937. This answer accurately identifies the first acts of aggression in World War II, with Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and their subsequent full-scale occupation of China in 1937. These events were significant precursors to the larger conflict that would unfold in the coming years.

During the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by retreating further into isolationism. This means that instead of getting involved in conflicts or providing military aid to the victims of aggression, the American people chose to distance themselves from international affairs and focus on domestic issues. This can be seen as a response to the traumatic experience of World War I and the desire to avoid getting entangled in another global conflict.

The goal of the Japanese-Americans Citizen League was to encourage Nisei to become more assimilated to American culture. This implies that the organization aimed to promote the integration of Japanese-Americans into mainstream American society, possibly to counteract discrimination and promote acceptance. By encouraging Nisei to adopt American cultural norms and values, the organization likely sought to improve their social and economic opportunities and foster a sense of belonging in their adopted country.

The correct answer is "reached its lowest point in nearly a century." This is because the question asks for an explanation for the given correct answer. The other options all indicate progress or success for the feminist movement, while this option suggests a decline or setback.

During the Great Depression, the collapse of city and state relief systems is a plausible explanation for the experiences of people living in the industrial Northeast and Midwest. As the economic downturn worsened, many cities and states were unable to provide adequate relief programs to support unemployed individuals and families. This led to a lack of resources and assistance for those in need, exacerbating the hardships faced by people in urban areas.