During the 1900's, swimming became an important sport in many parts of the world. Today, thousands of swimmers take part in meets, or contests, held by schools, colleges, and swimming clubs.
Explanation
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Skin diving is going underwater while holding your breath or while breathing air from special tanks. Diving with air tanks is called scuba diving.
Phelps became the first athlete ever to win eight gold medals at a single Olympics. The previous record was seven, achieved by the American swimmer Mark Spitz in 1972.
The most popular form of surfing is called standup surfing. Surfers use boards made of strong, light plastic. There are two kinds of boards—shortboards and longboards.
Pleasure boats range in length from about 10 feet (3 meters) to more than 120 feet (36 meters). Boats longer than 40 feet (12 meters) are often called yachts >. They have beds, cooking areas, and toilets.
Sports divers take part in national and international competitions. Springboard divers leap from springy aluminum boards that are either 1 meter (3 1/2 feet) or 3 meters (10 feet) above the water. The platform used for high diving is 10 meters (33 feet) above the water. In competitions, divers are given scores from 0 to a high score of 10 for each dive.
In racing, there are two main kinds of rowing: sculling and sweep oar rowing. In sculling, each rower uses two oars. Both the boat and the oars are called sculls, and the rowers are called scullers. In sweep oar rowing, each rower uses only one oar, which is longer and larger than oars used for sculling.
A water-skier holds on to a line that is attached to a boat. The skier's back should be straight, the arms held straight ahead, and the knees slightly bent. The minimum speed for water-skiing is about 15 miles (24 kilometers) per hour. Experts are pulled at speeds of up to 36 miles (58 kilometers) per hour. A water-skier should always wear a life jacket for safety.
Sailboats are powered by the wind. Their large cloth sails catch the wind, which pushes the boat along. Spars are poles that support the sails. Spars include masts, the upright poles, and other poles that hold the sail straight out. The most common sailboat, the sloop, has two sails and one mast.
Racing boats may hold one, two, four, or eight people. Races called regattas are held around the world each year. There are 14 rowing events in the Olympic Games.
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