World Book Trivia Challenge Advanced-1/23-bones

Gelatin is a protein substance that comes from animal skins and bones. It is made by boiling collagen, a protein found in bone, cartilage, and other connective tissue. When dry, gelatin is a tasteless, odorless, nearly white powder. Gelatin readily dissolves in hot water and, upon cooling, forms a stiff, elastic gel.

Glue is an adhesive made from the skins, connective tissues, or bones of animals.

Bone bank is a medical supply of bone that can be used in surgical operations. Doctors use the bone to repair fractures, to replace diseased bone, or to fill in missing bone segments in children and adults.

Funny bone is not a bone, but a sensitive place at the bend of the elbow. In this area, the ulnar nerve lies between the skin and bone. The nerve is relatively unprotected because it lies near the surface. Even a slight blow on this area stimulates the nerve.

Osteology is the science concerned with the structure and function of bones. Osteologists study the bones of human beings and animals. They can determine the sizes and living habits of prehistoric animals from bones

Yellow bone marrow consists mostly of fat. Red bone marrow is a network of blood vessels, connective tissue, and blood-forming cells. Red bone marrow makes red blood cells. All bones have blood vessels and nerves.

Bone tissue contains three kinds of specialized cells: (1) osteoblasts, (2) osteocytes, and (3) osteoclasts. Osteoblasts form bone matrix by laying down collagen fibers and other proteins and depositing hard mineral material. Osteocytes are osteoblasts that have become trapped in the bone matrix they manufactured and live embedded there for years. Osteocytes help to control the mineral balance of the body and also respond to the stresses created by physical activity. Osteoclasts erode the matrix during normal bone turnover, during growth, and during the healing of fractures.

Deer are the only animals with bones called antlers on their heads. Antlers somewhat resemble horns but are shed each year. Deer rank among the most common large wild animals throughout much of the world.

Pointing the bone is a magic ritual used by Australian Aborigines with the intention of injuring or killing their enemies. The man who performs the ritual points or jerks a bone or stick at his enemy and chants a prescribed song. The Aborigine stands in a special position and exercises extreme care while performing the ritual. Aborigines believe that, if he should make a mistake, he and not the intended victim may die.

The most common bone disorder is senile osteoporosis. which means porous bones of old age. Osteoporosis results when the loss of bone tissue that comes with aging weakens the bones and makes them prone to fracture. Exercise helps strengthen bones.

Bone is one of the most active tissues of the body. The body constantly breaks down bone and rebuilds it in a process called bone turnover. About 3 percent of bone in children is broken down and rebuilt each year.