Hemodynamic Disorders
Www. Pathedu. Eu Hemodynamics is the dynamics of blood flow, a process that explains the physical laws that govern the flow of blood in the blood vessels. As with any process in the body, it can come with its share of disorders.
- 1.What is an embolus?
- A.
An intravascular mass that forms in one anatomic site
- B.
A freely movable, intravascular mass that is carried from one anatomic site to another by the blood
- C.
An intravascular mass that forms in the legs
- D.
An intravascular mass that forms in the brain
- E.
An intravascular mass that forms in the foramen ovale
- 2.Cholesterol crystals detached from atherosclerotic plaques, tumor cells, bone marrow emboli, and parts of bullets are all examples of what type of emboli?
- A.
Liquid emboli
- B.
Gaseous emboli
- C.
Solid particle emboli
- D.
Septic emboli
- 3.Fat emboli and amniotic fluid emboli are all examples of:
- A.
Gaseous emboli
- B.
Solid particle emboli
- C.
Liquid emboli
- D.
Septic emboli
- 4.______________ are venous emboli that reach the arterial circulation through the foramen ovale or an interventricular septal defect that can cause symptoms similar to those of arterial emboli.
- A.
Paired emboli
- B.
Parental emboli
- C.
Passage emboli
- D.
Paradoxical emboli
- E.
Arterial emboli
- 5.A patient comes in with an acute MI, after one night of hospitalization and subsequent treatment you send them home with instructions. What is something that can occur in the patient 1-2 weeks after the MI?
- A.
CHF
- B.
COPD
- C.
Kidney failure
- D.
Stroke
- E.
Fat metabolism syndrome
- 6.A patient admits to the ER after a jugular vein stabbing wound. What type of emboli would you most suspect to occur in this patient?
- A.
Solid particle emboli
- B.
Liquid emboli
- C.
Gaseous emboli
- D.
Fat emboli
- E.
Bullet emboli
- 7.What is the most common form of emboli seen in clinical practice?
- A.
Liquid emboli
- B.
Fat emboli
- C.
Gaseous emboli
- D.
Solid particle emboli
- E.
Thromboemboli
- 8.Where do most arterial emboli originate?
- A.
In the deep veins of the leg
- B.
In the jugular veins of the neck
- C.
In the right atrium, inferior vena cava, and major veins
- D.
Pulmonary vein
- E.
Left atrium or ventricle, aorta, and major arteries
- 9.What is the most likely fate of a venous emboli in a pt. with an interventricular septal defect?
- A.
Pulmonary embolism
- B.
Pulmonary infarct
- C.
Stroke
- D.
A & B
- E.
None of the above
- 10.Which of the following is not a possible fate of an arterial embolism?
- A.
Brain
- B.
Spleen
- C.
Mesentary
- D.
Kidney
- E.
Pulmonary vein
- 11.A saddle embolism is carried by venous blood and obstructs blood flow in the:
- A.
Pulmonary artery
- B.
Pulmonary vein
- C.
Middle cerebral artery
- D.
Carotid artery
- E.
Abdominal aorta
- 12.True of False? All pulmonary emboli are considered saddle types.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 13.The spleen, kidney, intestine, brain are all vulnerable to ____________ emboli.
- A.
Venous
- B.
Arterial
- C.
Pulmonary
- D.
Saddle
- 14.The most severe form of fat embolism syndrome is characterized by what 1-3 days post-injury?
- A.
MI
- B.
Stroke
- C.
Respiratory failure
- D.
Pulmonary embolism
- E.
Acute liver failure
- 15.Which of the following types of emboli will result in widespread mental changes, thrombocytopenia, petechiae, acute resp. distress, and lesions in the brain including cerebral edema and microinfarcts.
- A.
Solid particle emboli
- B.
Pulmonary embolism
- C.
Fat embolism syndrome
- D.
Coronary artery embolism
- E.
Gaseous embolism
- 16.In the formation of a thrombus _______ is polymerized into _______ forming a meshwork of thin filaments that bind together cellular elements of blood forming a clot.
- A.
Fibrinogen; fibrin
- B.
Fibrin; fibrinogen
- 17.Fat embolism syndrome occurs in _______ of patients with severe skeletal injuries; less than ___ of patients have clinical findings.
- A.
50%; 90%
- B.
10%; 90%
- C.
90%; 10%
- D.
90%; 50%
- 18.Intramural thrombi are attached to the mural endocardium of the heart chambers and are commonly found:
- A.
As an ulcerated atheroma in an atherosclerotic aorta
- B.
Lodged in an pulmonary vein
- C.
Overlying a MI which may embolize
- D.
In a distant femoral vein
- 19.Which of the following thrombi are found in arterioles, capillaries, venules and are typical of disseminated intravascular coagulation?
- A.
Arterial thrombi
- B.
Mural thrombi
- C.
Venous thrombi
- D.
Microvascular thrombi
- 20.Based on pathological classification, which of the following thrombi are composed of tightly intermixed RBC's and fibrin?
- A.
Layered thrombi
- B.
Red thrombi
- C.
Fat thrombi
- D.
Lines of zahn
- 21.Based on pathological classification, which of the following thrombi contain fibrin called "lines of zahn"
- A.
Red thrombi
- B.
Layered thrombi
- C.
Fat thrombi
- D.
Coronary artery thrombi
- 22.Thrombi in small vessels tends to be:
- A.
Fat emboli
- B.
Layered emboli
- C.
Red emboli
- D.
Pulmonary emboli
- 23.Thrombi in larger arteries and veins, as well as mural thrombi tend to be:
- A.
Fat emboli
- B.
Red emboli
- C.
Layered emboli
- D.
Coronary artery emboli
- 24.An infarction is typically caused by:
- A.
Overexhaustion
- B.
Liver failure
- C.
Thrombosis of emboli
- D.
Respiratory failure
- E.
Stroke
- 25.Infarcts typical of arterial occlusion in solid organs such as the kidneys and heart are:
- A.
Black
- B.
Caseous
- C.
White
- D.
Red
- E.
Lines of zahn
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