Veterinary Radiography Ch 18

Barium sulfate is the correct answer because it is a positive-contrast medium that is insoluble in the gastrointestinal tract. This means that it will not dissolve or be absorbed by the body if there is any leakage. This property makes it a safe and effective option for imaging procedures such as X-rays or CT scans of the abdomen or thorax.

The correct answer is administration of oral emetic such as hydrogen peroxide. This is because an upper gastrointestinal study requires the patient to have an empty stomach, hence the fasting for 12-24 hours. Sedation may be needed to keep the patient calm during the procedure. An enema may be given to clear the lower gastrointestinal tract. However, administration of an oral emetic such as hydrogen peroxide is not necessary for this procedure.

NOTE: the potential for aspiration should always be considered in any view, especially if the animal is sedated.

Warm water is a suitable agent to use as an enema before a lower gastrointestinal study because it helps to soften and lubricate the stool, making it easier to pass. It also helps to cleanse the colon and remove any residual fecal matter. Using warm water as an enema is a safe and gentle method that does not pose any risk of complications or side effects.

The disadvantage of using low-osmolar contrast media is its expense. This means that it can be costly to use this type of contrast media in medical procedures.

The statement "all patients who will receive a gastrointestinal contrast study must receive an enema" is false. Not all patients require an enema before a gastrointestinal contrast study. The decision to administer an enema depends on the specific case and the clinical judgment of the healthcare provider.

A double-contrast gastrogram is the most diagnostic examination of the gastric mucosal lining. This procedure involves the use of both positive and negative contrast agents to provide a detailed view of the stomach lining. The positive contrast agent highlights the surface of the stomach, while the negative contrast agent fills the spaces between the folds of the mucosa, allowing for better visualization of any abnormalities or lesions. This technique provides a comprehensive evaluation of the gastric mucosal lining and is often used to detect conditions such as ulcers, tumors, or inflammation.

An oblique view can be helpful for assessing a positive-contrast cystogram, especially in a male patient. This view allows for a better visualization of the bladder and its surrounding structures from a different angle, which can aid in the detection of any abnormalities or pathology.

Triiodinated ionic compounds and carbon dioxide are the safest combination of agents to use for a cystogram. This is because triiodinated ionic compounds are commonly used as contrast agents in medical imaging, and they are considered safe and effective for this procedure. Carbon dioxide is used as a gas to distend the bladder during a cystogram, and it is also considered safe. Therefore, using these two agents together would provide the safest option for performing a cystogram.

Fasting 12-24 hours before intravenous pyelography is recommended because it helps to ensure that the patient's stomach is empty during the procedure. This is important because contrast dye is used during the procedure, and having food in the stomach can increase the risk of nausea, vomiting, and aspiration. Fasting also allows for better visualization of the urinary tract during the procedure.