Role Of Kidney And Urine Formation! Trivia Quiz

Explanation
The correct answer is "million" because the kidney contains millions of nephrons. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney that filter waste products from the blood and produce urine. The large number of nephrons in the kidney allows for efficient filtration and waste removal.

Explanation
The correct answer is renin. Renin is a hormone secreted by the kidneys that plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure. It acts on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which helps control blood volume and fluid balance in the body. Renin is released in response to low blood pressure or low blood volume, and it initiates a series of reactions that ultimately lead to the production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This causes blood vessels to constrict, increasing blood pressure and restoring normal blood flow.

Explanation
The glomerulus is responsible for the filtration of urine. It is a network of small blood vessels located in the kidney. As blood passes through the glomerulus, waste products and excess water are filtered out and collected in the nephron to form urine. The glomerulus acts as a sieve, allowing small molecules like water, salts, and waste products to pass through, while retaining larger molecules like proteins and blood cells. This filtration process is a crucial step in the formation of urine and the removal of waste from the body.

Explanation
Glucose is not a normal constituent of urine. Normally, glucose is reabsorbed by the kidneys and very little or no glucose is excreted in urine. The presence of glucose in urine is an abnormal finding and may indicate a condition such as diabetes. Water, urea, and NaCl (sodium chloride) are all normal constituents of urine.

Explanation
Uric acid is classified as an NPN (non-protein nitrogen) compound. NPNs are substances that contain nitrogen but are not proteins. Nitrites are compounds that contain nitrogen and oxygen, but they are not classified as NPNs. Ammonia is a compound that contains nitrogen, but it is not a nitrogenous waste product like uric acid. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment formed from the breakdown of red blood cells and does not contain nitrogen. Therefore, among the given options, uric acid is the correct answer as it is an NPN compound.

Explanation
Glucose, ketone bodies, RBC's (red blood cells), and protein are all normally absent in urine. Glucose is usually reabsorbed by the kidneys, so it should not be present in urine. Ketone bodies are typically produced during the breakdown of fats, but they should not be present in urine under normal conditions. RBC's and protein are also not normally found in urine, as their presence may indicate an underlying health issue. Therefore, all of the above substances are normally absent in urine.

Explanation
The correct answer is "24-hour" because it is the most comprehensive and accurate method for performing quantitative urinalysis. A 24-hour urine collection allows for the measurement of various substances, such as creatinine, protein, electrolytes, and hormones, over a full day's time. This provides a more reliable assessment of kidney function, hydration status, and the presence of any abnormalities or diseases. Random and first morning urine samples may not provide a complete picture as they can be influenced by recent food or fluid intake, while a 24-hour collection eliminates these variations and provides a more accurate analysis.

Explanation
Reabsorption is the step in urine formation that is responsible for sparing essential elements in the blood. During reabsorption, the kidneys selectively reabsorb important substances such as water, glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes back into the bloodstream. This process helps maintain the balance of essential elements in the blood by preventing their loss in urine.

Explanation
Urine specimens that are not immediately analyzed should be refrigerated. Refrigeration helps to prevent the growth of bacteria and the degradation of certain components in the urine sample, ensuring that it remains stable for accurate analysis. Freezing is not recommended as it may cause the formation of crystals or the denaturation of proteins. Leaving the specimen at room temperature can lead to bacterial growth and changes in the composition of the urine. Boiling the urine sample is not necessary and may alter its chemical composition.

Explanation
The renal threshold refers to the maximum concentration of a substance in the blood that can be filtered by the kidneys and reabsorbed into the bloodstream. If the level of a substance in the blood exceeds the renal threshold, it cannot be fully reabsorbed and will appear in the urine. Therefore, the correct answer is "renal threshold."