Upstairs

According to BP344, the minimum dimension of an elevator door width is 0.80 m.

Dowels are used in concrete construction to provide a connection between two separate concrete elements, such as a slab and a stair. In the case of concrete stairs on a slab on fill, dowels are used to ensure that the stairs are securely attached to the slab. The dowels are typically inserted into the slab and extend into the stair, providing a strong and stable connection between the two elements. This helps to prevent any movement or separation between the slab and the stairs, ensuring the structural integrity of the overall construction.

The minimum distance of the Building Main Entrance to the Elevator in BP344 is 30 m. This means that according to the regulations of BP344, the main entrance of the building should be at least 30 meters away from the elevator. This distance requirement may be in place to ensure that there is enough space for people to safely enter and exit the elevator without any obstructions or congestion near the entrance of the building.

The minimum door opening for elevators for a single door according to BP344 is 0.80 m.

The maximum and minimum speed of an escalator is 90-120 fpm. This means that the escalator can operate at a minimum speed of 90 feet per minute and a maximum speed of 120 feet per minute.

The correct answer is 30% because the slope of an escalator refers to the angle at which it is inclined or the steepness of its incline. A 30% slope means that for every 100 units of horizontal distance, the escalator rises 30 units vertically. This indicates a moderate incline, neither too steep nor too shallow.

The correct answer is 1.10 x 1.40 m. This is the minimum size of an elevator car according to BP344.

For a 3-storey building with a limited budget and space, a hydraulic elevator would be the appropriate type. Hydraulic elevators are known for their cost-effectiveness and compact design, making them ideal for buildings with limited resources and space constraints. These elevators use a hydraulic system to move the car, which is more affordable and requires less space compared to other types of elevators. Additionally, hydraulic elevators are known for their smooth and quiet operation, providing a comfortable ride for senior citizens in the building.

The minimum depth of an elevator pit is 600 mm. This depth is necessary to accommodate the various components of the elevator system, such as the elevator car, counterweights, and safety mechanisms. A deeper pit ensures that there is enough space for these components to operate effectively and safely. Additionally, a deeper pit allows for easier access and maintenance of the elevator system. Therefore, a minimum depth of 600 mm is required for an elevator pit.

The main purpose of a walkalator, moving walk, or travelator is to provide convenience for pedestrians. These devices are designed to transport people more efficiently and comfortably, especially in areas with high foot traffic. By moving pedestrians along at a steady pace, walkalators help to reduce congestion and make it easier for people to navigate through busy areas such as airports, shopping malls, or train stations. They offer a convenient alternative to walking long distances, especially for individuals with mobility issues or heavy luggage.

Hydraulic elevators are commonly used in low-rise buildings where speed is not a primary concern. Unlike gear-less traction elevators, which are better suited for high-rise buildings due to their faster speeds and smoother rides, hydraulic elevators operate at slower speeds and are more cost-effective for shorter distances. They work by using a hydraulic fluid and a piston to lift the elevator car. This type of elevator is ideal for buildings with fewer floors and where a slower speed is acceptable.

The minimum size of elevator doors for the handicapped according to BP344 is 0.80 m.

According to BP344, which is a law in the Philippines that promotes the rights and welfare of persons with disabilities, the maximum distance for elevators considering the handicapped is 30 meters. This means that elevators should be located within a maximum distance of 30 meters from any point in a building to ensure accessibility for individuals with disabilities.

The usual speed of an escalator is typically measured in feet per minute (fpm). The correct answer is 90fpm. This means that the escalator moves at a speed of 90 feet per minute, which is considered to be the average speed for most escalators.

The minimum inner radius of a monumental stair in PD 1185 is 7.50 mts.

A control switch is the device that "controls" the elevator doors. It is responsible for opening and closing the doors, allowing passengers to enter and exit the elevator. The control switch is typically located inside the elevator car and is operated by the elevator operator or passengers using buttons or switches. This switch communicates with the elevator's control system to initiate the door opening and closing sequence.

The correct answer is 55.9 cms. This means that according to PD 1185, the minimum width of a fire escape stair for existing stairs should be 55.9 cms.

Escalators should not be used as fire escapes because in case of a fire, escalators can become a dangerous bottleneck. They are not designed to handle large crowds in emergency situations and can quickly become overcrowded, leading to potential injuries or even fatalities. Additionally, escalators rely on electricity to function, and during a fire, power may be cut off, rendering them useless. Therefore, it is important to use designated fire escape routes and stairs instead of escalators in case of a fire.

The minimum dimension of accessible elevators in BP344 is 1.1 m x 1.4 m.

Parallel escalator layout is the best if the prime consideration is cost. This is because parallel escalators require less space and are easier to install compared to criss-crossed or multiple parallel layouts. Additionally, parallel escalators are more cost-effective in terms of maintenance and repairs as they have a simpler design and fewer components. Therefore, by opting for a parallel layout, the overall cost of the escalator system can be minimized.

The correct answer is 112 cms. This is because in PD 1185, the minimum width of a class A ramp is specified to be 112 cms.

A carriage is a structural member that supports the steps of a stair. It is inclined and provides stability and strength to the staircase. It is designed to bear the weight of the steps and the individuals using the staircase.

A newel post is a central post from which the winders of a spiral stair radiate. It is a structural element that provides support and stability to the staircase. The winders, which are the wedge-shaped steps of a spiral staircase, are attached to the newel post, allowing the staircase to twist and turn while maintaining its structural integrity. The newel post also serves as a decorative feature, often featuring intricate carvings or designs.

In case of a fire emergency or power failure, the elevator car in an elevator default system would always go to the ground level. This is the safest option as it allows passengers to exit the elevator easily and access the nearest exit or emergency services. Going to the ground level also ensures that passengers are not trapped in the elevator during a fire emergency or power failure.

The correct answer is 200 mm. According to BP344, the maximum height for a stair riser is 200 mm. This means that the vertical distance between each step should not exceed 200 mm in order to comply with the regulations.

According to PD 1185, the maximum height between landings for fire escape for existing stairs is 3.66 meters.

An escalator cannot accommodate a pedestrian with a trolley because the steps of an escalator are fixed and cannot be adjusted to accommodate larger or bulkier items. On the other hand, a travelator, also known as a moving walkway, is a flat surface that can easily accommodate pedestrians with trolleys or any other heavy objects as there are no steps involved. Therefore, the ability to accommodate pedestrians with trolleys is something that can be achieved with a travelator but not with an escalator.

The minimum headroom for class A & B stairs in PD 1185 is 2.00 mts. This means that the vertical distance between the nosing of the treads and the soffit above should be at least 2.00 mts. This ensures that there is enough space for people to comfortably walk up and down the stairs without hitting their heads on the ceiling.

The minimum dimension of landings in the direction of travel for class A & B stairs in PD 1185 is 112 cms.

The hoist is responsible for lifting and lowering the elevator cars. It is the mechanism that provides the necessary power and control to move the elevator up and down. Without the hoist, the elevator cars would not be able to move between floors. The other options mentioned, such as traction, sheave, and guide rails, are all components that work together with the hoist to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the elevator system.

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PD 1185 refers to the Fire Code of the Philippines. In this context, the maximum vertical height in floors for an escalator is 1 floor. This means that an escalator can only span a maximum of one floor in height. It cannot go beyond that limit.

The traveling cable in an electric elevator is responsible for providing electrical power to the car and also travels with the hoist. It is the cable that connects the car to the power source and allows for the transmission of electricity to operate the elevator.

The maximum length of a walkalator is 250 meters to allow users to exit at the sides. This is because walkalators are designed to provide convenience and ease of movement for pedestrians in busy areas such as airports or shopping malls. By keeping the length within 250 meters, users can easily access the sides and exit the walkalator whenever needed. This ensures that users have the flexibility to enter and exit the walkalator at any point along its length, enhancing safety and convenience.

A travelator is a moving ramp that allows pedestrians or carts to be transported at a 12-degree angle. It is a type of conveyor belt that is commonly found in airports and shopping malls, providing a convenient way for people to move between different levels of a building. Unlike an escalator, which moves at a steeper angle, a travelator is designed to transport people and objects more smoothly and comfortably.

The minimum size of an elevator shaft in BP344 is 1.50 x 1.80 m.

The maximum height of riser for Class 'B' stairs in PD 1185 is 20 cms.

The escalators have a built-in fire alarm system because they serve as a hole or an opening between each floor. This means that in case of a fire, smoke and flames can easily travel through the escalator shaft to reach different levels of the building. Additionally, the device and body of the escalator are not completely fireproof, and the wiring and sensitive parts of the escalator are more susceptible to fire and ignition. Therefore, having a fire alarm system integrated into the escalator ensures early detection and alerts people in common areas, allowing them to evacuate safely.

A dog-leg stair is a type of staircase that consists of two straight flights side by side, connected by a landing in the middle. This design creates a 90-degree turn in the staircase, resembling the shape of a dog's leg, hence the name. The other options mentioned in the question, such as quarter-turn stair, l-stair, and balanced stair, do not accurately describe a staircase with two straight flights connected by a landing. Therefore, the correct answer is dog-leg stair.

The given answer states that "has a safety device to prevent from falling and accessible ground system for visual safety and leakage" is not an advantage of a "Hydraulic Elevator". This means that a hydraulic elevator does not have a safety device to prevent falling and does not have an accessible ground system for visual safety and leakage. This is a disadvantage because safety is a crucial factor in elevator operation, and the absence of these safety features could pose a risk to passengers and property.

A wreathe is a curved section of a geometrical stair handrail. It is a decorative element that adds elegance and style to the handrail design. The term "wreathe" is commonly used in architecture and carpentry to describe a curved or spiral shape. In the context of a stair handrail, a wreathe refers to the curved section that connects the straight sections of the handrail, creating a smooth transition between them. This curved section enhances the aesthetic appeal of the handrail and provides a comfortable grip for users.

The most economical layout for an escalator is straight. This is because a straight layout requires the least amount of space and materials compared to other layouts. It also allows for a more efficient flow of people, as they can easily see and access the escalator without any obstructions. Additionally, a straight layout reduces the complexity of installation and maintenance, making it a cost-effective choice.

A dancing winder is a type of staircase design where the winders (steps that change direction) are arranged in such a way that they are almost as wide at the inside of the stair as the adjacent fliers (straight steps). This arrangement allows for a smoother transition between the winders and the straight steps, creating a more balanced and visually appealing staircase design.

The maximum height of riser for Class 'A' stairs in PD 1185 is 19 cms.

The correct answer is 76 cms because in PD 1185, the minimum width of Class 'B' ramp is specified to be 76 cms.

The minimum headroom clearance for a fire escape stair for small buildings, according to PD 1185, is 1.98 meters.

The minimum width of a Class 'A' ramp in PD 1185 is 120 cms.

The minimum width of a stair under BP 344 is 0.70 m. This means that the stair must have a width of at least 0.70 meters in order to comply with the regulations set forth in BP 344.

The minimum headroom clearance for a fire escape stair for existing stairs in PD 1185 is 2.13 meters. This means that there should be a minimum vertical distance of 2.13 meters from the highest point of the tread to the ceiling or any obstruction above the stair. This clearance is important to ensure that people can safely and comfortably use the fire escape stair without hitting their heads or feeling claustrophobic.

A geometrical stair is a type of staircase that is constructed around an elliptical or circular well without the use of newels and often has no landings between floors. This type of stair design allows for a continuous and flowing ascent or descent, creating a visually appealing and unique architectural feature. The other options mentioned, such as double-return stair, do not accurately describe the specific characteristics mentioned in the question.