Upper Unit 4

1. VOCABULARY Task 1 Use the word given in CAPITAL LETTERS at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits in the gap in the same sentence. Here is an example (0). 0 Damien Hirst is one of the country's leading artists. ART 1 An actor and a _____, Ricky Gervais is often on TV. COMEDY

Ricky Gervais is often on TV and is known for his comedic performances. He is an actor and a comedian, meaning he is skilled in both acting and making people laugh.

Explanation

Ricky Gervais is often on TV and is known for his comedic performances. He is an actor and a comedian, meaning he is skilled in both acting and making people laugh.

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2. 6 Melbourne has many places of _____ beauty. NATURE

The word "natural" is the correct answer because it fits grammatically and semantically in the given sentence. The sentence states that Melbourne has many places of [Blank] beauty, indicating that the missing word should describe the type of beauty. "Natural" is an appropriate adjective to describe the beauty of places in Melbourne, as it implies that the beauty is inherent to nature and not artificially created.

Explanation

The word "natural" is the correct answer because it fits grammatically and semantically in the given sentence. The sentence states that Melbourne has many places of [Blank] beauty, indicating that the missing word should describe the type of beauty. "Natural" is an appropriate adjective to describe the beauty of places in Melbourne, as it implies that the beauty is inherent to nature and not artificially created.

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3. 8 The new _____ at the Tate Gallery was a little disappointing. EXHIBIT

The sentence mentions the "Tate Gallery" and describes the new [Blank] as "a little disappointing." Based on the context, the most suitable word to fill the blank would be "exhibition." An exhibition refers to a display of artworks or other items of interest in a gallery or museum. Therefore, it makes sense that the new exhibition at the Tate Gallery was disappointing.

Explanation

The sentence mentions the "Tate Gallery" and describes the new [Blank] as "a little disappointing." Based on the context, the most suitable word to fill the blank would be "exhibition." An exhibition refers to a display of artworks or other items of interest in a gallery or museum. Therefore, it makes sense that the new exhibition at the Tate Gallery was disappointing.

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4. 4 To be a good designer, you have to be ___________ as well as dedicated. CREATE

To be a good designer, one needs to possess creativity in addition to dedication. Creativity is essential in order to come up with unique and innovative ideas, designs, and solutions. It allows designers to think outside the box and bring fresh perspectives to their work. Dedication, on the other hand, is necessary to put in the time and effort required to bring those creative ideas to life. Without creativity, a designer may struggle to produce original and engaging designs, while lacking dedication may result in unfinished or subpar work. Therefore, being creative is a crucial quality for a good designer.

Explanation

To be a good designer, one needs to possess creativity in addition to dedication. Creativity is essential in order to come up with unique and innovative ideas, designs, and solutions. It allows designers to think outside the box and bring fresh perspectives to their work. Dedication, on the other hand, is necessary to put in the time and effort required to bring those creative ideas to life. Without creativity, a designer may struggle to produce original and engaging designs, while lacking dedication may result in unfinished or subpar work. Therefore, being creative is a crucial quality for a good designer.

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5. 10 My dad was a circus _____ in his youth. PERFORM

The word "performer" is the correct answer because it fits logically in the sentence. The sentence is stating that the speaker's dad was involved in the circus in his youth, and "performer" is a noun that accurately describes someone who participates in circus acts and shows.

Explanation

The word "performer" is the correct answer because it fits logically in the sentence. The sentence is stating that the speaker's dad was involved in the circus in his youth, and "performer" is a noun that accurately describes someone who participates in circus acts and shows.

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6. 3 What information does Marion explain?

Both where and when Lonni Sue first showed symptoms of the disease

How Lonni Sue’s family responded when they saw she was ill

The reasons why Lonni Sue caught such a serious infection

Marion explains both the location and timing of when Lonni Sue first showed symptoms of the disease.

Explanation

Marion explains both the location and timing of when Lonni Sue first showed symptoms of the disease.

7. 6 Which of these memories was the hardest for Lonni Sue to recover

Remembering how to play a musical instrument

Being able to recall her close relatives

Knowing what her job had been before the infection

The correct answer is remembering how to play a musical instrument. This is because the question asks which memory was the hardest for Lonni Sue to recover, and out of the given options, the ability to play a musical instrument requires a specific skill set and muscle memory that may be more difficult to regain compared to recalling close relatives or job details.

Explanation

The correct answer is remembering how to play a musical instrument. This is because the question asks which memory was the hardest for Lonni Sue to recover, and out of the given options, the ability to play a musical instrument requires a specific skill set and muscle memory that may be more difficult to regain compared to recalling close relatives or job details.

8. READING You are going to read an article about cave paintings that were found on a Caribbean island. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A–G the one which fits each gap (1–5). There are two extra sentences which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). Cave walls record early encounters between the Old World and the New Deep inside caves beneath a lonely island that lies about sixty kilometres west of Puerto Rico, archaeologists have discovered a number of underground galleries full of intriguing art. (0) D This is something nobody expected to find. There are ancient drawings by the islanders alongside religious symbols made by Spanish sailors from one of Christopher Columbus' ships. Although barely fifty square kilometres in area, the whole of the remote island of Isla Mona has caves underground. More than two hundred have been discovered so far, but only a few have been explored. (1) _____ It is thought that they made these fantastical swirls, lines and figures by dragging fingernails through the soft surface of the walls and ceilings. Representing the most diverse collection of motifs in all the Caribbean, the thousands of designs catalogued so far include humans, animals and geometric symbols. Some span several metres in width, and many overlap to form an illustrated record of repeated visits to the caves. Research has shown that indigenous people lived on this rocky outpost for more than five thousand years, and that the last century of that period of habitation overlapped with the start of the European colonial era. There is, of course, no written record of their history. (2) _____ This event placed the island on what would become a well- travelled route between Europe and the New World. And that's when things get doubly interesting in the underground passages. In one of the same caves that contain indigenous art, archaeologists have found marks that appear to have been left by early Europeans who visited the island from the Spanish strongholds of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola. The marks include Spanish names, phrases in Latin and Spanish and other symbols. (3) _____ The most useful of these symbols, from a historical point of view, were the surprisingly modern graffiti – names and dates, most from the mid-sixteenth century, that people must have scratched onto the cave walls to record their presence. One name in particular points clearly to a European: Francisco Alegre. Historical documents identify him as a Spaniard who arrived in the West Indies in the 1530s. (4) _____ Similarities between his signature and the cave inscription suggest that Alegre himself visited this cave and succumbed to the age-old impulse of leaving his mark. The juxtaposition of the European and indigenous markings, the lack of images showing conflict, and the fact that Europeans would have needed native guides to find this cave, all suggest a narrative that's very different from the usual saga of the Spanish conquest of the New World. This was one moment in time when two groups of strangers were getting to know each other and sharing ideas. (5) _____ It truly is a remarkable discovery and one that will change our understanding of the history of the Caribbean. A In contrast, there's plenty of evidence that Christopher Columbus stopped on the island in 1494. B You could say that they were figuring out what this new intercultural connection might mean for the future. C A number of archaeologist shave cast doubt on the latter of these claims, arguing that the images may be of an earlier date. D Created by both indigenous peoples and early European visitors, the images record the first contact between two very different world views. E Intrigued by such an amazing discovery, the team have set up an international database to process their finds. F Of those that have, about two dozen have revealed intricate designs reflecting the spiritual beliefs of the indigenous people. G Based in San Juan, Puerto Rico, he eventually was put in charge of royal estates, which included Isla Mona. H Many were carved with sharp-edged tools which indigenous people could not have had in their possession.

The correct order of the sentences is F, A, H, G, B. Sentence F talks about the intricate designs found in the caves that reflect the spiritual beliefs of the indigenous people. Sentence A mentions the evidence of Christopher Columbus stopping on the island in 1494. Sentence H states that many of the caves were carved with sharp-edged tools which indigenous people could not have had. Sentence G introduces Francisco Alegre, a Spaniard who arrived in the West Indies in the 1530s. Sentence B suggests that the markings in the caves represent a moment of intercultural connection and sharing of ideas.

Explanation

The correct order of the sentences is F, A, H, G, B. Sentence F talks about the intricate designs found in the caves that reflect the spiritual beliefs of the indigenous people. Sentence A mentions the evidence of Christopher Columbus stopping on the island in 1494. Sentence H states that many of the caves were carved with sharp-edged tools which indigenous people could not have had. Sentence G introduces Francisco Alegre, a Spaniard who arrived in the West Indies in the 1530s. Sentence B suggests that the markings in the caves represent a moment of intercultural connection and sharing of ideas.

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9. VOCABULARY Task 2 Complete the text with the words from the word list. There are two extra words which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). WORD LIST: acting closing exhibiting exposing participating performing protesting regulating soothing spending(x3) waking I've always been a big fan of small live venues so when I heard that a historical venue near my home was (0) closing down, I decided it was time to take action. There are still plenty of arty art galleries in my city (1) ___________ boring artwork, or trendy jazz bars playing dull, barely audible music – (2) ___________ after a day at work, I guess, but who wants to relax?! Shockingly though, there simply aren't many venues for new, lively rock and indy bands. In this digital age, it's easy to forget how essential such places are for new bands. In my youth, I remember (3) ___________ with my pretty talentless band in some great (if slightly run-down) venues in my home city of Sheffield, (4) ___________ hours setting up our kit, and (5) ___________ in endless rows about which songs to play and in which order. On one occasion, the stage we were on fell apart, (6) ___________ all the plumbing and electrical wires beneath, and nearly breaking the ankle of our lead singer. (7) ___________ all our free time doing gigs was fantastic – it gives me goosebumps to remember those great days. What a shame that today's generation of kids is being denied the same opportunity. Local government is to blame. Politicians are (8) ___________ small venues out of business by making them meet strict legal guidelines. Some venues are (9) ___________ a fortune on fire precautions and emergency exits, while others are closing. Disappointingly, few people are (10) ___________ about the closure of so many venues, but I think it's time more of us did. (4) _____

The word that completes the sentence is "spending". The previous sentence mentions the band "spending hours setting up our kit" in the venues, so it makes sense for the next sentence to continue talking about the band's activities in those venues.

Explanation

The word that completes the sentence is "spending". The previous sentence mentions the band "spending hours setting up our kit" in the venues, so it makes sense for the next sentence to continue talking about the band's activities in those venues.

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10. 9 Davina is very _____. She is so talented that she has won a place at one of the country's leading art colleges. ART

The correct answer is "artistic" because the question states that Davina is talented and has won a place at one of the country's leading art colleges. This implies that she has a strong skill or ability in the arts, making her artistic.

Explanation

The correct answer is "artistic" because the question states that Davina is talented and has won a place at one of the country's leading art colleges. This implies that she has a strong skill or ability in the arts, making her artistic.

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11. 10 To Marion, which of the following is most important when it comes to memory?

Without it we can’t really make plans or decisions.

Without it we lose a sense of our identity.

Without it we’ll forget our loved ones.

Memory is important to Marion because without it, she would lose a sense of her identity. Memory allows us to remember our past experiences, personal history, and the people we know. It helps us form a sense of self and understand who we are. Without memory, Marion would not be able to recall important events, relationships, or even her own personal traits and characteristics. This would make it difficult for her to have a clear understanding of herself and her place in the world.

Explanation

Memory is important to Marion because without it, she would lose a sense of her identity. Memory allows us to remember our past experiences, personal history, and the people we know. It helps us form a sense of self and understand who we are. Without memory, Marion would not be able to recall important events, relationships, or even her own personal traits and characteristics. This would make it difficult for her to have a clear understanding of herself and her place in the world.

12. 5 The fine _____ are on display in all their grandeur in London's greatest galleries. ART

The word "fine" implies that the objects being referred to are of high quality or exceptional beauty. The phrase "on display in all their grandeur" suggests that these objects are being showcased or exhibited. The mention of "London's greatest galleries" indicates that these objects can be found in prestigious art institutions in the city. Therefore, the correct answer is "arts," as it encompasses various forms of artistic expression and aligns with the context of the sentence.

Explanation

The word "fine" implies that the objects being referred to are of high quality or exceptional beauty. The phrase "on display in all their grandeur" suggests that these objects are being showcased or exhibited. The mention of "London's greatest galleries" indicates that these objects can be found in prestigious art institutions in the city. Therefore, the correct answer is "arts," as it encompasses various forms of artistic expression and aligns with the context of the sentence.

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13. 9 Marion says that Lonni Sue's inability to form new memories

May be the most surprising aspect of her condition.

Occurs less often than other aspects of her condition.

Is what her friends struggle to deal with most.

Marion suggests that Lonni Sue's inability to form new memories may be the most surprising aspect of her condition.

Explanation

Marion suggests that Lonni Sue's inability to form new memories may be the most surprising aspect of her condition.

14. GRAMMAR Task 1 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). A decade ago, a decision was made to redesign (0) much of the National Museum. To do this, (1) ___ museums would have closed down completely, but (2) ___ trustees of the National Museum didn't want to follow such a course of action. Closing the (3) ___ museum would have cost a huge (4) ___ of money in ticket sales. Consequently, an alternative solution was needed. The museum asked a (5) ___ of leading architectural design companies to propose a solution. (6) ___ company was given the opportunity to submit their plans. Initially, (7) ___ company came up with a solution that met the museum's demands. Eventually, however, two companies were shortlisted to do the work. (8) ___ had good ideas. One proposed closing down one wing at a time, while the other proposed carrying out work behind glass barriers to protect the public from any debris. (9) ___ option seemed viable. In the end, the museum chose the latter idea, hoping that by keeping (10) ___ gallery in the museum open during the entire refurbishment they would keep their customers happy. (1) ____________

Most

Plenty

A lot

Much

The word "most" is the best fit for the gap because it indicates that the majority of the museums would have closed down completely. The sentence is discussing the decision to redesign the National Museum and mentions that some museums would have closed down, implying that not all of them would have closed. Therefore, "most" is the most appropriate choice to convey this meaning.

Explanation

The word "most" is the best fit for the gap because it indicates that the majority of the museums would have closed down completely. The sentence is discussing the decision to redesign the National Museum and mentions that some museums would have closed down, implying that not all of them would have closed. Therefore, "most" is the most appropriate choice to convey this meaning.

15. GRAMMAR Task 1 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). A decade ago, a decision was made to redesign (0) much of the National Museum. To do this, (1) ___ museums would have closed down completely, but (2) ___ trustees of the National Museum didn't want to follow such a course of action. Closing the (3) ___ museum would have cost a huge (4) ___ of money in ticket sales. Consequently, an alternative solution was needed. The museum asked a (5) ___ of leading architectural design companies to propose a solution. (6) ___ company was given the opportunity to submit their plans. Initially, (7) ___ company came up with a solution that met the museum's demands. Eventually, however, two companies were shortlisted to do the work. (8) ___ had good ideas. One proposed closing down one wing at a time, while the other proposed carrying out work behind glass barriers to protect the public from any debris. (9) ___ option seemed viable. In the end, the museum chose the latter idea, hoping that by keeping (10) ___ gallery in the museum open during the entire refurbishment they would keep their customers happy. (6) ____________

Each

All

Whole

Some

In the given context, the blank is referring to the architectural design companies that were asked to propose a solution. The sentence states that "each company was given the opportunity to submit their plans." This means that every individual company was given the chance to submit their plans, indicating that the correct answer is "each."

Explanation

In the given context, the blank is referring to the architectural design companies that were asked to propose a solution. The sentence states that "each company was given the opportunity to submit their plans." This means that every individual company was given the chance to submit their plans, indicating that the correct answer is "each."

16. GRAMMAR Task 1 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). A decade ago, a decision was made to redesign (0) much of the National Museum. To do this, (1) ___ museums would have closed down completely, but (2) ___ trustees of the National Museum didn't want to follow such a course of action. Closing the (3) ___ museum would have cost a huge (4) ___ of money in ticket sales. Consequently, an alternative solution was needed. The museum asked a (5) ___ of leading architectural design companies to propose a solution. (6) ___ company was given the opportunity to submit their plans. Initially, (7) ___ company came up with a solution that met the museum's demands. Eventually, however, two companies were shortlisted to do the work. (8) ___ had good ideas. One proposed closing down one wing at a time, while the other proposed carrying out work behind glass barriers to protect the public from any debris. (9) ___ option seemed viable. In the end, the museum chose the latter idea, hoping that by keeping (10) ___ gallery in the museum open during the entire refurbishment they would keep their customers happy. (3) ____________

All

Whole

Every

Most

The word "whole" is the best fit for the gap because it indicates that closing the entire museum would have cost a significant amount of money in ticket sales. This supports the previous statement that the trustees of the National Museum did not want to follow this course of action. The word "all" would imply that every single museum would have closed down, which is not stated in the text. "Every" and "most" do not convey the same meaning as "whole" in this context.

Explanation

The word "whole" is the best fit for the gap because it indicates that closing the entire museum would have cost a significant amount of money in ticket sales. This supports the previous statement that the trustees of the National Museum did not want to follow this course of action. The word "all" would imply that every single museum would have closed down, which is not stated in the text. "Every" and "most" do not convey the same meaning as "whole" in this context.

17. 7 _____ , what's important is not art itself but how we experience it. ULTIMATE

The word "ultimately" is the correct answer because it fits grammatically in the sentence and conveys the intended meaning. It is used to emphasize that, in the end or at the most basic level, what matters is not the art itself but the way we perceive or encounter it.

Explanation

The word "ultimately" is the correct answer because it fits grammatically in the sentence and conveys the intended meaning. It is used to emphasize that, in the end or at the most basic level, what matters is not the art itself but the way we perceive or encounter it.

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18. 2 What does Marion say about Lonni Sue Johnson's career before the accident?

She worked in the music industry.

She was a commercial pilot.

She had success as an artist.

Marion mentions that Lonni Sue Johnson had success as an artist before the accident.

Explanation

Marion mentions that Lonni Sue Johnson had success as an artist before the accident.

19. GRAMMAR Task 1 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). A decade ago, a decision was made to redesign (0) much of the National Museum. To do this, (1) ___ museums would have closed down completely, but (2) ___ trustees of the National Museum didn't want to follow such a course of action. Closing the (3) ___ museum would have cost a huge (4) ___ of money in ticket sales. Consequently, an alternative solution was needed. The museum asked a (5) ___ of leading architectural design companies to propose a solution. (6) ___ company was given the opportunity to submit their plans. Initially, (7) ___ company came up with a solution that met the museum's demands. Eventually, however, two companies were shortlisted to do the work. (8) ___ had good ideas. One proposed closing down one wing at a time, while the other proposed carrying out work behind glass barriers to protect the public from any debris. (9) ___ option seemed viable. In the end, the museum chose the latter idea, hoping that by keeping (10) ___ gallery in the museum open during the entire refurbishment they would keep their customers happy. (10) ____________

Certain

Every

Both

All

The word "every" is the correct answer because it fits grammatically and logically in the sentence. The sentence states that the museum chose the latter idea, which implies that they chose one specific idea out of the two options mentioned earlier. Therefore, "every" is the appropriate word to indicate that they chose the option that was proposed by the other company, rather than choosing both options or all options.

Explanation

The word "every" is the correct answer because it fits grammatically and logically in the sentence. The sentence states that the museum chose the latter idea, which implies that they chose one specific idea out of the two options mentioned earlier. Therefore, "every" is the appropriate word to indicate that they chose the option that was proposed by the other company, rather than choosing both options or all options.

20. VOCABULARY Task 2 Complete the text with the words from the word list. There are two extra words which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). WORD LIST: acting closing exhibiting exposing participating performing protesting regulating soothing spending(x3) waking I've always been a big fan of small live venues so when I heard that a historical venue near my home was (0) closing down, I decided it was time to take action. There are still plenty of arty art galleries in my city (1) ___________ boring artwork, or trendy jazz bars playing dull, barely audible music – (2) ___________ after a day at work, I guess, but who wants to relax?! Shockingly though, there simply aren't many venues for new, lively rock and indy bands. In this digital age, it's easy to forget how essential such places are for new bands. In my youth, I remember (3) ___________ with my pretty talentless band in some great (if slightly run-down) venues in my home city of Sheffield, (4) ___________ hours setting up our kit, and (5) ___________ in endless rows about which songs to play and in which order. On one occasion, the stage we were on fell apart, (6) ___________ all the plumbing and electrical wires beneath, and nearly breaking the ankle of our lead singer. (7) ___________ all our free time doing gigs was fantastic – it gives me goosebumps to remember those great days. What a shame that today's generation of kids is being denied the same opportunity. Local government is to blame. Politicians are (8) ___________ small venues out of business by making them meet strict legal guidelines. Some venues are (9) ___________ a fortune on fire precautions and emergency exits, while others are closing. Disappointingly, few people are (10) ___________ about the closure of so many venues, but I think it's time more of us did. (7) _____

The blank should be filled with "spending". The sentence before the blank states "we were (7) _______ all our free time doing gigs was fantastic", indicating that the speaker and their band used to spend all their free time doing gigs. This suggests that "spending" is the correct word to fill the blank.

Explanation

The blank should be filled with "spending". The sentence before the blank states "we were (7) _______ all our free time doing gigs was fantastic", indicating that the speaker and their band used to spend all their free time doing gigs. This suggests that "spending" is the correct word to fill the blank.

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21. VOCABULARY Task 2 Complete the text with the words from the word list. There are two extra words which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). WORD LIST: acting closing exhibiting exposing participating performing protesting regulating soothing spending(x3) waking I've always been a big fan of small live venues so when I heard that a historical venue near my home was (0) closing down, I decided it was time to take action. There are still plenty of arty art galleries in my city (1) ___________ boring artwork, or trendy jazz bars playing dull, barely audible music – (2) ___________ after a day at work, I guess, but who wants to relax?! Shockingly though, there simply aren't many venues for new, lively rock and indy bands. In this digital age, it's easy to forget how essential such places are for new bands. In my youth, I remember (3) ___________ with my pretty talentless band in some great (if slightly run-down) venues in my home city of Sheffield, (4) ___________ hours setting up our kit, and (5) ___________ in endless rows about which songs to play and in which order. On one occasion, the stage we were on fell apart, (6) ___________ all the plumbing and electrical wires beneath, and nearly breaking the ankle of our lead singer. (7) ___________ all our free time doing gigs was fantastic – it gives me goosebumps to remember those great days. What a shame that today's generation of kids is being denied the same opportunity. Local government is to blame. Politicians are (8) ___________ small venues out of business by making them meet strict legal guidelines. Some venues are (9) ___________ a fortune on fire precautions and emergency exits, while others are closing. Disappointingly, few people are (10) ___________ about the closure of so many venues, but I think it's time more of us did. (9) _____

The word "spending" fits into the blank because it completes the sentence in a logical and grammatically correct way. The sentence states that "Some venues are ______ a fortune on fire precautions and emergency exits, while others are closing." The word "spending" indicates that some venues are investing or using a large amount of money on fire precautions and emergency exits, which is causing financial strain and leading to the closure of other venues.

Explanation

The word "spending" fits into the blank because it completes the sentence in a logical and grammatically correct way. The sentence states that "Some venues are ______ a fortune on fire precautions and emergency exits, while others are closing." The word "spending" indicates that some venues are investing or using a large amount of money on fire precautions and emergency exits, which is causing financial strain and leading to the closure of other venues.

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22. VOCABULARY Task 2 Complete the text with the words from the word list. There are two extra words which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). WORD LIST: acting closing exhibiting exposing participating performing protesting regulating soothing spending(x3) waking I've always been a big fan of small live venues so when I heard that a historical venue near my home was (0) closing down, I decided it was time to take action. There are still plenty of arty art galleries in my city (1) ___________ boring artwork, or trendy jazz bars playing dull, barely audible music – (2) ___________ after a day at work, I guess, but who wants to relax?! Shockingly though, there simply aren't many venues for new, lively rock and indy bands. In this digital age, it's easy to forget how essential such places are for new bands. In my youth, I remember (3) ___________ with my pretty talentless band in some great (if slightly run-down) venues in my home city of Sheffield, (4) ___________ hours setting up our kit, and (5) ___________ in endless rows about which songs to play and in which order. On one occasion, the stage we were on fell apart, (6) ___________ all the plumbing and electrical wires beneath, and nearly breaking the ankle of our lead singer. (7) ___________ all our free time doing gigs was fantastic – it gives me goosebumps to remember those great days. What a shame that today's generation of kids is being denied the same opportunity. Local government is to blame. Politicians are (8) ___________ small venues out of business by making them meet strict legal guidelines. Some venues are (9) ___________ a fortune on fire precautions and emergency exits, while others are closing. Disappointingly, few people are (10) ___________ about the closure of so many venues, but I think it's time more of us did. (10) _____

The word "protesting" fits in the blank because the sentence is discussing the closure of small venues and how few people are expressing their dissatisfaction or opposition to this issue. The speaker believes that more people should be protesting the closure of these venues, indicating a desire for collective action and advocacy.

Explanation

The word "protesting" fits in the blank because the sentence is discussing the closure of small venues and how few people are expressing their dissatisfaction or opposition to this issue. The speaker believes that more people should be protesting the closure of these venues, indicating a desire for collective action and advocacy.

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23. VOCABULARY Task 2 Complete the text with the words from the word list. There are two extra words which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). WORD LIST: acting closing exhibiting exposing participating performing protesting regulating soothing spending(x3) waking I've always been a big fan of small live venues so when I heard that a historical venue near my home was (0) closing down, I decided it was time to take action. There are still plenty of arty art galleries in my city (1) ___________ boring artwork, or trendy jazz bars playing dull, barely audible music – (2) ___________ after a day at work, I guess, but who wants to relax?! Shockingly though, there simply aren't many venues for new, lively rock and indy bands. In this digital age, it's easy to forget how essential such places are for new bands. In my youth, I remember (3) ___________ with my pretty talentless band in some great (if slightly run-down) venues in my home city of Sheffield, (4) ___________ hours setting up our kit, and (5) ___________ in endless rows about which songs to play and in which order. On one occasion, the stage we were on fell apart, (6) ___________ all the plumbing and electrical wires beneath, and nearly breaking the ankle of our lead singer. (7) ___________ all our free time doing gigs was fantastic – it gives me goosebumps to remember those great days. What a shame that today's generation of kids is being denied the same opportunity. Local government is to blame. Politicians are (8) ___________ small venues out of business by making them meet strict legal guidelines. Some venues are (9) ___________ a fortune on fire precautions and emergency exits, while others are closing. Disappointingly, few people are (10) ___________ about the closure of so many venues, but I think it's time more of us did. (3) _____

The word "performing" is the correct answer because it fits logically in the sentence and maintains the flow of the text. The sentence is discussing the author's memories of performing with their band in various venues.

Explanation

The word "performing" is the correct answer because it fits logically in the sentence and maintains the flow of the text. The sentence is discussing the author's memories of performing with their band in various venues.

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24. VOCABULARY Task 2 Complete the text with the words from the word list. There are two extra words which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). WORD LIST: acting closing exhibiting exposing participating performing protesting regulating soothing spending(x3) waking I've always been a big fan of small live venues so when I heard that a historical venue near my home was (0) closing down, I decided it was time to take action. There are still plenty of arty art galleries in my city (1) ___________ boring artwork, or trendy jazz bars playing dull, barely audible music – (2) ___________ after a day at work, I guess, but who wants to relax?! Shockingly though, there simply aren't many venues for new, lively rock and indy bands. In this digital age, it's easy to forget how essential such places are for new bands. In my youth, I remember (3) ___________ with my pretty talentless band in some great (if slightly run-down) venues in my home city of Sheffield, (4) ___________ hours setting up our kit, and (5) ___________ in endless rows about which songs to play and in which order. On one occasion, the stage we were on fell apart, (6) ___________ all the plumbing and electrical wires beneath, and nearly breaking the ankle of our lead singer. (7) ___________ all our free time doing gigs was fantastic – it gives me goosebumps to remember those great days. What a shame that today's generation of kids is being denied the same opportunity. Local government is to blame. Politicians are (8) ___________ small venues out of business by making them meet strict legal guidelines. Some venues are (9) ___________ a fortune on fire precautions and emergency exits, while others are closing. Disappointingly, few people are (10) ___________ about the closure of so many venues, but I think it's time more of us did. (2) _____

The correct answer for (2) is "soothing". This word fits logically in the sentence because it contrasts with the previous statement about boring artwork and dull music. The speaker is expressing their opinion that they do not find these things relaxing, implying that they prefer something soothing instead.

Explanation

The correct answer for (2) is "soothing". This word fits logically in the sentence because it contrasts with the previous statement about boring artwork and dull music. The speaker is expressing their opinion that they do not find these things relaxing, implying that they prefer something soothing instead.

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25. 8 What memories has Lonni Sue completely lost?

Memories of things that had happened

Memories of all the people she had known

Memories of how to do particular things

Lonni Sue has completely lost memories of things that had happened. This means that she cannot recall any past events or experiences. She may still remember the people she has known and how to do particular things, but she has no recollection of the specific things that have occurred in her life.

Explanation

Lonni Sue has completely lost memories of things that had happened. This means that she cannot recall any past events or experiences. She may still remember the people she has known and how to do particular things, but she has no recollection of the specific things that have occurred in her life.

26. 4 What happened to Lonni Sue right after she got ill?

She was looked after at a neighbour’s house.

She was examined by doctors.

She went to her farm to recover.

After Lonni Sue got ill, she was examined by doctors.

Explanation

After Lonni Sue got ill, she was examined by doctors.

27. VOCABULARY Task 2 Complete the text with the words from the word list. There are two extra words which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). WORD LIST: acting closing exhibiting exposing participating performing protesting regulating soothing spending(x3) waking I've always been a big fan of small live venues so when I heard that a historical venue near my home was (0) closing down, I decided it was time to take action. There are still plenty of arty art galleries in my city (1) ___________ boring artwork, or trendy jazz bars playing dull, barely audible music – (2) ___________ after a day at work, I guess, but who wants to relax?! Shockingly though, there simply aren't many venues for new, lively rock and indy bands. In this digital age, it's easy to forget how essential such places are for new bands. In my youth, I remember (3) ___________ with my pretty talentless band in some great (if slightly run-down) venues in my home city of Sheffield, (4) ___________ hours setting up our kit, and (5) ___________ in endless rows about which songs to play and in which order. On one occasion, the stage we were on fell apart, (6) ___________ all the plumbing and electrical wires beneath, and nearly breaking the ankle of our lead singer. (7) ___________ all our free time doing gigs was fantastic – it gives me goosebumps to remember those great days. What a shame that today's generation of kids is being denied the same opportunity. Local government is to blame. Politicians are (8) ___________ small venues out of business by making them meet strict legal guidelines. Some venues are (9) ___________ a fortune on fire precautions and emergency exits, while others are closing. Disappointingly, few people are (10) ___________ about the closure of so many venues, but I think it's time more of us did. (1) _____

The word "exhibiting" fits in the blank because it is used to describe the art galleries in the city that are displaying or showing artwork. The sentence is contrasting the boring artwork in the art galleries with the lively rock and indy bands that the speaker is interested in.

Explanation

The word "exhibiting" fits in the blank because it is used to describe the art galleries in the city that are displaying or showing artwork. The sentence is contrasting the boring artwork in the art galleries with the lively rock and indy bands that the speaker is interested in.

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28. GRAMMAR Task 1 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). A decade ago, a decision was made to redesign (0) much of the National Museum. To do this, (1) ___ museums would have closed down completely, but (2) ___ trustees of the National Museum didn't want to follow such a course of action. Closing the (3) ___ museum would have cost a huge (4) ___ of money in ticket sales. Consequently, an alternative solution was needed. The museum asked a (5) ___ of leading architectural design companies to propose a solution. (6) ___ company was given the opportunity to submit their plans. Initially, (7) ___ company came up with a solution that met the museum's demands. Eventually, however, two companies were shortlisted to do the work. (8) ___ had good ideas. One proposed closing down one wing at a time, while the other proposed carrying out work behind glass barriers to protect the public from any debris. (9) ___ option seemed viable. In the end, the museum chose the latter idea, hoping that by keeping (10) ___ gallery in the museum open during the entire refurbishment they would keep their customers happy. (9) ____________

A little

A few

All

Either

The word "either" is used to show that both options mentioned in the previous sentence (closing down one wing at a time and carrying out work behind glass barriers) were considered viable. It indicates that the museum had two good options to choose from.

Explanation

The word "either" is used to show that both options mentioned in the previous sentence (closing down one wing at a time and carrying out work behind glass barriers) were considered viable. It indicates that the museum had two good options to choose from.

29. 7 According to Marion, Lonni Sue couldn't remember

How her father had died.

Who her father was.

Whether her father was alive.

Marion states that Lonni Sue couldn't remember whether her father was alive. This suggests that Lonni Sue has some uncertainty or lack of knowledge about her father's current status. The other options - how her father had died and who her father was - do not indicate any uncertainty about whether her father was alive or not. Therefore, the correct answer is whether her father was alive.

Explanation

Marion states that Lonni Sue couldn't remember whether her father was alive. This suggests that Lonni Sue has some uncertainty or lack of knowledge about her father's current status. The other options - how her father had died and who her father was - do not indicate any uncertainty about whether her father was alive or not. Therefore, the correct answer is whether her father was alive.

30. GRAMMAR Task 1 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). A decade ago, a decision was made to redesign (0) much of the National Museum. To do this, (1) ___ museums would have closed down completely, but (2) ___ trustees of the National Museum didn't want to follow such a course of action. Closing the (3) ___ museum would have cost a huge (4) ___ of money in ticket sales. Consequently, an alternative solution was needed. The museum asked a (5) ___ of leading architectural design companies to propose a solution. (6) ___ company was given the opportunity to submit their plans. Initially, (7) ___ company came up with a solution that met the museum's demands. Eventually, however, two companies were shortlisted to do the work. (8) ___ had good ideas. One proposed closing down one wing at a time, while the other proposed carrying out work behind glass barriers to protect the public from any debris. (9) ___ option seemed viable. In the end, the museum chose the latter idea, hoping that by keeping (10) ___ gallery in the museum open during the entire refurbishment they would keep their customers happy. (2) ____________

Almost no

Enough

A lack of

Several

The word "several" is the best fit for the gap because it indicates that the trustees of the National Museum did not want to follow the course of action of closing down completely. It implies that they considered multiple alternatives before deciding on the chosen solution.

Explanation

The word "several" is the best fit for the gap because it indicates that the trustees of the National Museum did not want to follow the course of action of closing down completely. It implies that they considered multiple alternatives before deciding on the chosen solution.

31. GRAMMAR Task 1 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). A decade ago, a decision was made to redesign (0) much of the National Museum. To do this, (1) ___ museums would have closed down completely, but (2) ___ trustees of the National Museum didn't want to follow such a course of action. Closing the (3) ___ museum would have cost a huge (4) ___ of money in ticket sales. Consequently, an alternative solution was needed. The museum asked a (5) ___ of leading architectural design companies to propose a solution. (6) ___ company was given the opportunity to submit their plans. Initially, (7) ___ company came up with a solution that met the museum's demands. Eventually, however, two companies were shortlisted to do the work. (8) ___ had good ideas. One proposed closing down one wing at a time, while the other proposed carrying out work behind glass barriers to protect the public from any debris. (9) ___ option seemed viable. In the end, the museum chose the latter idea, hoping that by keeping (10) ___ gallery in the museum open during the entire refurbishment they would keep their customers happy. (7) ____________

Any

No

Hardly any

None

The word "Initially" in the sentence suggests that initially, one company came up with a solution that met the museum's demands. However, the word "no" indicates that eventually, none of the companies came up with a solution that met the museum's demands, as two companies were shortlisted to do the work. Therefore, "no" is the correct answer.

Explanation

The word "Initially" in the sentence suggests that initially, one company came up with a solution that met the museum's demands. However, the word "no" indicates that eventually, none of the companies came up with a solution that met the museum's demands, as two companies were shortlisted to do the work. Therefore, "no" is the correct answer.

32. LISTENING You will hear an interview with a journalist called Marion Clark, who's talking about an artist's memory loss and the new discoveries made about the brain. For questions (1–10), choose the best answer (A, B or C), mark it in your notepad. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 The presenter's aim today is to A speak to Marion Clark about her new book. B talk about a number of interesting books. C discuss fictional works on memory loss. 1 What does Marion say she has been reading this week?

A scientific book by an American author

A fiction story about memory loss

Various titles that study how memory works

Marion says she has been reading various titles that study how memory works this week.

Explanation

Marion says she has been reading various titles that study how memory works this week.

33. GRAMMAR Task 1 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). A decade ago, a decision was made to redesign (0) much of the National Museum. To do this, (1) ___ museums would have closed down completely, but (2) ___ trustees of the National Museum didn't want to follow such a course of action. Closing the (3) ___ museum would have cost a huge (4) ___ of money in ticket sales. Consequently, an alternative solution was needed. The museum asked a (5) ___ of leading architectural design companies to propose a solution. (6) ___ company was given the opportunity to submit their plans. Initially, (7) ___ company came up with a solution that met the museum's demands. Eventually, however, two companies were shortlisted to do the work. (8) ___ had good ideas. One proposed closing down one wing at a time, while the other proposed carrying out work behind glass barriers to protect the public from any debris. (9) ___ option seemed viable. In the end, the museum chose the latter idea, hoping that by keeping (10) ___ gallery in the museum open during the entire refurbishment they would keep their customers happy. (4) ____________

Number

Loads

Amount

Plenty

The word "amount" is the best fit for the gap because it refers to the quantity or sum of money that would have been lost if the museum had closed. The other options, "number," "loads," and "plenty," do not accurately convey the idea of a large sum of money.

Explanation

The word "amount" is the best fit for the gap because it refers to the quantity or sum of money that would have been lost if the museum had closed. The other options, "number," "loads," and "plenty," do not accurately convey the idea of a large sum of money.

34. 5 What does Marion say about viral encephalitis?

It’s a disease that affects a specific part of the brain.

A large number of patients with this disease have memory problems

It’s a rare disease with small chances of recovery.

Marion states that a large number of patients with viral encephalitis have memory problems.

Explanation

Marion states that a large number of patients with viral encephalitis have memory problems.

35. GRAMMAR Task 1 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). A decade ago, a decision was made to redesign (0) much of the National Museum. To do this, (1) ___ museums would have closed down completely, but (2) ___ trustees of the National Museum didn't want to follow such a course of action. Closing the (3) ___ museum would have cost a huge (4) ___ of money in ticket sales. Consequently, an alternative solution was needed. The museum asked a (5) ___ of leading architectural design companies to propose a solution. (6) ___ company was given the opportunity to submit their plans. Initially, (7) ___ company came up with a solution that met the museum's demands. Eventually, however, two companies were shortlisted to do the work. (8) ___ had good ideas. One proposed closing down one wing at a time, while the other proposed carrying out work behind glass barriers to protect the public from any debris. (9) ___ option seemed viable. In the end, the museum chose the latter idea, hoping that by keeping (10) ___ gallery in the museum open during the entire refurbishment they would keep their customers happy. (8) ____________

Both

Every

Either

Some

The word "both" is the correct answer because it refers to the two companies that were shortlisted to do the work. The sentence states that "two companies were shortlisted to do the work" and then goes on to describe the ideas proposed by each company. Therefore, it can be inferred that "both" is the correct answer as it indicates that both companies had good ideas.

Explanation

The word "both" is the correct answer because it refers to the two companies that were shortlisted to do the work. The sentence states that "two companies were shortlisted to do the work" and then goes on to describe the ideas proposed by each company. Therefore, it can be inferred that "both" is the correct answer as it indicates that both companies had good ideas.

36. 3 I never give money to _____ in the street even if they put on a good show. BUSK

The correct answer is "buskers". Buskers are individuals who perform in public places, such as streets or parks, often showcasing their talents in music, dance, or other forms of entertainment. Although they may put on a good show, the speaker states that they never give money to buskers in the street.

Explanation

The correct answer is "buskers". Buskers are individuals who perform in public places, such as streets or parks, often showcasing their talents in music, dance, or other forms of entertainment. Although they may put on a good show, the speaker states that they never give money to buskers in the street.

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37. GRAMMAR Task 1 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). A decade ago, a decision was made to redesign (0) much of the National Museum. To do this, (1) ___ museums would have closed down completely, but (2) ___ trustees of the National Museum didn't want to follow such a course of action. Closing the (3) ___ museum would have cost a huge (4) ___ of money in ticket sales. Consequently, an alternative solution was needed. The museum asked a (5) ___ of leading architectural design companies to propose a solution. (6) ___ company was given the opportunity to submit their plans. Initially, (7) ___ company came up with a solution that met the museum's demands. Eventually, however, two companies were shortlisted to do the work. (8) ___ had good ideas. One proposed closing down one wing at a time, while the other proposed carrying out work behind glass barriers to protect the public from any debris. (9) ___ option seemed viable. In the end, the museum chose the latter idea, hoping that by keeping (10) ___ gallery in the museum open during the entire refurbishment they would keep their customers happy. (5) ____________

Few

Several

Certain

Number

In the sentence, "The museum asked a (5) ___ of leading architectural design companies to propose a solution," the word "number" fits best. It means that the museum asked a group or a certain quantity of architectural design companies to propose a solution. The other options (few, several, certain) do not accurately convey the idea of a specific quantity or group of companies.

Explanation

In the sentence, "The museum asked a (5) ___ of leading architectural design companies to propose a solution," the word "number" fits best. It means that the museum asked a group or a certain quantity of architectural design companies to propose a solution. The other options (few, several, certain) do not accurately convey the idea of a specific quantity or group of companies.

38. VOCABULARY Task 2 Complete the text with the words from the word list. There are two extra words which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). WORD LIST: acting closing exhibiting exposing participating performing protesting regulating soothing spending(x3) waking I've always been a big fan of small live venues so when I heard that a historical venue near my home was (0) closing down, I decided it was time to take action. There are still plenty of arty art galleries in my city (1) ___________ boring artwork, or trendy jazz bars playing dull, barely audible music – (2) ___________ after a day at work, I guess, but who wants to relax?! Shockingly though, there simply aren't many venues for new, lively rock and indy bands. In this digital age, it's easy to forget how essential such places are for new bands. In my youth, I remember (3) ___________ with my pretty talentless band in some great (if slightly run-down) venues in my home city of Sheffield, (4) ___________ hours setting up our kit, and (5) ___________ in endless rows about which songs to play and in which order. On one occasion, the stage we were on fell apart, (6) ___________ all the plumbing and electrical wires beneath, and nearly breaking the ankle of our lead singer. (7) ___________ all our free time doing gigs was fantastic – it gives me goosebumps to remember those great days. What a shame that today's generation of kids is being denied the same opportunity. Local government is to blame. Politicians are (8) ___________ small venues out of business by making them meet strict legal guidelines. Some venues are (9) ___________ a fortune on fire precautions and emergency exits, while others are closing. Disappointingly, few people are (10) ___________ about the closure of so many venues, but I think it's time more of us did. (6) _____

The word "exposing" is the correct answer because it fits logically in the sentence and completes the meaning of the sentence. The sentence mentions that the stage the band was performing on fell apart, and the word "exposing" suggests that the stage falling apart revealed or uncovered the plumbing and electrical wires beneath it. This explanation is supported by the context of the previous sentence, which mentions the band setting up their kit and the following sentence, which mentions the lead singer nearly breaking their ankle.

Explanation

The word "exposing" is the correct answer because it fits logically in the sentence and completes the meaning of the sentence. The sentence mentions that the stage the band was performing on fell apart, and the word "exposing" suggests that the stage falling apart revealed or uncovered the plumbing and electrical wires beneath it. This explanation is supported by the context of the previous sentence, which mentions the band setting up their kit and the following sentence, which mentions the lead singer nearly breaking their ankle.

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39. 5 Just about everybody there agreed that the performance was brilliant. MOST _____ that the performance was brilliant.

The correct answer is "Most people there agreed, Most there agreed, Most people agreed." The word "MOST" is used to indicate a majority or a large number of people. In this context, it implies that the majority of the people present at the performance agreed that it was brilliant. Therefore, the correct answer options reflect this by using the phrase "Most people there agreed" and variations of it.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Most people there agreed, Most there agreed, Most people agreed." The word "MOST" is used to indicate a majority or a large number of people. In this context, it implies that the majority of the people present at the performance agreed that it was brilliant. Therefore, the correct answer options reflect this by using the phrase "Most people there agreed" and variations of it.

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40. 2 It was one of the best _____ by a teenager I have seen in a long time. PERFORM

The correct answer is "performances" because the sentence is referring to a specific event or act done by a teenager that was one of the best in a long time. The word "performances" fits in the blank as it denotes a plural form of the noun "performance" which means an act or instance of performing.

Explanation

The correct answer is "performances" because the sentence is referring to a specific event or act done by a teenager that was one of the best in a long time. The word "performances" fits in the blank as it denotes a plural form of the noun "performance" which means an act or instance of performing.

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42. 8 Hardly any cinemas showed the art film. ALMOST _____ showed the art film.

The word "hardly" indicates that very few or almost none of the cinemas showed the art film. Therefore, the correct answer is "almost no cinemas," which conveys the same meaning.

Explanation

The word "hardly" indicates that very few or almost none of the cinemas showed the art film. Therefore, the correct answer is "almost no cinemas," which conveys the same meaning.

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43. 10 No performances will take place during the holiday break. BE There _____ performances during the holiday break.

During the holiday break, there will be no performances.

Explanation

During the holiday break, there will be no performances.

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44. VOCABULARY Task 2 Complete the text with the words from the word list. There are two extra words which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). WORD LIST: acting closing exhibiting exposing participating performing protesting regulating soothing spending(x3) waking I've always been a big fan of small live venues so when I heard that a historical venue near my home was (0) closing down, I decided it was time to take action. There are still plenty of arty art galleries in my city (1) ___________ boring artwork, or trendy jazz bars playing dull, barely audible music – (2) ___________ after a day at work, I guess, but who wants to relax?! Shockingly though, there simply aren't many venues for new, lively rock and indy bands. In this digital age, it's easy to forget how essential such places are for new bands. In my youth, I remember (3) ___________ with my pretty talentless band in some great (if slightly run-down) venues in my home city of Sheffield, (4) ___________ hours setting up our kit, and (5) ___________ in endless rows about which songs to play and in which order. On one occasion, the stage we were on fell apart, (6) ___________ all the plumbing and electrical wires beneath, and nearly breaking the ankle of our lead singer. (7) ___________ all our free time doing gigs was fantastic – it gives me goosebumps to remember those great days. What a shame that today's generation of kids is being denied the same opportunity. Local government is to blame. Politicians are (8) ___________ small venues out of business by making them meet strict legal guidelines. Some venues are (9) ___________ a fortune on fire precautions and emergency exits, while others are closing. Disappointingly, few people are (10) ___________ about the closure of so many venues, but I think it's time more of us did. (5) _____

The blank should be filled with "participating" because it fits the context of the sentence. The sentence talks about the band spending hours setting up their kit and arguing about which songs to play, which suggests that they were actively involved in the process of preparing for their performance. "Participating" accurately describes their involvement in the activity.

Explanation

The blank should be filled with "participating" because it fits the context of the sentence. The sentence talks about the band spending hours setting up their kit and arguing about which songs to play, which suggests that they were actively involved in the process of preparing for their performance. "Participating" accurately describes their involvement in the activity.

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45. 6 Several people in the audience left early. NUMBER _____ in the audience left early.

The correct answer is "A number of people" because it is a phrase that accurately completes the sentence. It is used to indicate an unspecified but relatively large quantity of people, which fits the context of several people leaving early.

Explanation

The correct answer is "A number of people" because it is a phrase that accurately completes the sentence. It is used to indicate an unspecified but relatively large quantity of people, which fits the context of several people leaving early.

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46. VOCABULARY Task 2 Complete the text with the words from the word list. There are two extra words which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). WORD LIST: acting closing exhibiting exposing participating performing protesting regulating soothing spending(x3) waking I've always been a big fan of small live venues so when I heard that a historical venue near my home was (0) closing down, I decided it was time to take action. There are still plenty of arty art galleries in my city (1) ___________ boring artwork, or trendy jazz bars playing dull, barely audible music – (2) ___________ after a day at work, I guess, but who wants to relax?! Shockingly though, there simply aren't many venues for new, lively rock and indy bands. In this digital age, it's easy to forget how essential such places are for new bands. In my youth, I remember (3) ___________ with my pretty talentless band in some great (if slightly run-down) venues in my home city of Sheffield, (4) ___________ hours setting up our kit, and (5) ___________ in endless rows about which songs to play and in which order. On one occasion, the stage we were on fell apart, (6) ___________ all the plumbing and electrical wires beneath, and nearly breaking the ankle of our lead singer. (7) ___________ all our free time doing gigs was fantastic – it gives me goosebumps to remember those great days. What a shame that today's generation of kids is being denied the same opportunity. Local government is to blame. Politicians are (8) ___________ small venues out of business by making them meet strict legal guidelines. Some venues are (9) ___________ a fortune on fire precautions and emergency exits, while others are closing. Disappointingly, few people are (10) ___________ about the closure of so many venues, but I think it's time more of us did. (8) _____

The word "regulating" is the correct answer because it fits grammatically in the sentence and makes sense in the context of the paragraph. The paragraph discusses how local government is to blame for small venues closing down, and specifically mentions that politicians are making them meet strict legal guidelines. "Regulating" accurately describes this action of imposing regulations on the venues.

Explanation

The word "regulating" is the correct answer because it fits grammatically in the sentence and makes sense in the context of the paragraph. The paragraph discusses how local government is to blame for small venues closing down, and specifically mentions that politicians are making them meet strict legal guidelines. "Regulating" accurately describes this action of imposing regulations on the venues.

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47. GRAMMAR Task 2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and four words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). 0 There aren't any people in the museum at this time of night. NO There are no people in the museum at this time of night. 1 All the visitors were searched before entering the gallery. EVERY _____ before entering the gallery.

The word "every" is used to indicate that each individual visitor was searched before entering the gallery.

Explanation

The word "every" is used to indicate that each individual visitor was searched before entering the gallery.

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48. 2 Both artists were absent from the awards ceremony. NEITHER _____ present at the awards ceremony.

The word "neither" is used to indicate that none of the two mentioned artists were present at the awards ceremony. This means that both artists were absent from the event.

Explanation

The word "neither" is used to indicate that none of the two mentioned artists were present at the awards ceremony. This means that both artists were absent from the event.

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49. 9 All the paintings in the collection were cleaned. WHOLE _____ cleaned – that's every single painting.

cleaned. This means that every single painting in the collection underwent the cleaning process.

Explanation

cleaned. This means that every single painting in the collection underwent the cleaning process.

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50. 4 In our band, there are two guitarists, and each plays left-handed. BOTH In our band, _____ left-handed.

The correct answer is "both guitarists play." This is because the sentence states that in the band, there are two guitarists, and it is further specified that each of them plays left-handed. Therefore, it can be inferred that both guitarists in the band play left-handed.

Explanation

The correct answer is "both guitarists play." This is because the sentence states that in the band, there are two guitarists, and it is further specified that each of them plays left-handed. Therefore, it can be inferred that both guitarists in the band play left-handed.

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51. 3 We don't have enough volunteers to help put on the show. LACK There _____ volunteers to help put on the show.

The given correct answer is "is a lack of." This means that there is a shortage or insufficiency of volunteers to help put on the show.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "is a lack of." This means that there is a shortage or insufficiency of volunteers to help put on the show.

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