Head & Neck Part 2

The hyoid bone is located in the neck, specifically at the level of the third cervical vertebra (C3). It is a U-shaped bone that does not articulate with any other bone in the body, but instead serves as a point of attachment for various muscles involved in swallowing and speech. The hyoid bone is important for maintaining the position of the tongue and larynx, and it also plays a role in supporting the structure of the neck and throat.

During surgery on the parotid gland, there is a possibility of lacerating the cranial nerve 7 (CN 7). This nerve, also known as the facial nerve, is responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression. It also carries taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Laceration of CN 7 can lead to facial weakness or paralysis, loss of taste sensation, and difficulty with facial expressions. Therefore, it is important for surgeons to be cautious and aware of the location of CN 7 during parotid gland surgery to minimize the risk of injury.

The temporalis muscle attaches to the coronoid process. The coronoid process is a bony projection on the mandible (lower jaw) that serves as an attachment site for various muscles involved in chewing and jaw movement. The temporalis muscle is one of the primary muscles responsible for closing the jaw during chewing, and it originates from the temporal bone of the skull and inserts onto the coronoid process.

The correct answer is lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid. These two muscles are responsible for protruding the temporomandibular joint. The lateral pterygoid muscle helps to move the mandible forward and sideways, while the medial pterygoid muscle aids in closing the jaw and moving it forward. Together, these muscles play a crucial role in the movement and function of the temporomandibular joint.

The parasympathetic for the parotid gland is innervated by CN 9 @ otic

The parasympathetic pathway for the parotid gland is innervated by CN 9 at the otic ganglion.

the parasympathetic pathway is innervated by CN 9,

The vertebral artery is located at C6 as it enters the transverse foramen of the sixth cervical vertebra. The esophagus upper limit is also located at C6 as it passes through the thoracic inlet and enters the abdomen. The cricoid cartilage is located at C6 as it is the only complete ring of cartilage in the trachea and is found at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. The other options, bifurcation of common carotid and upper border of thyroid cartilage, are not located at C6.

the sympathetic pathway for the submandibular and sublingual gland have a vasoconstrictor effect, slide 70