1º Simulado De Filosofia 2º Ano

1. Sobre o pensamento de Marx sobre natureza e condição humana, assinale a alternativa correta:

Separou as visões de natureza humana e condição humana.

Devido a sua natureza, o homem não muda ao longo da história, permanecendo sempre o mesmo.

O homem constrói-se a si mesmo por meio do trabalho e, conforme se constrói se modifica.

É o corpo que faz o ser humano ser propriamente humano.

Marx believed that humans shape themselves through their work and, as they do so, they undergo changes. This perspective emphasizes the transformative power of labor and the idea that human nature is not fixed or unchanging. According to Marx, individuals are not predetermined by their nature, but rather, they actively construct their identities and evolve through their engagement in productive activities. Through labor, humans not only produce material goods but also shape their own social and historical realities.

Explanation

Marx believed that humans shape themselves through their work and, as they do so, they undergo changes. This perspective emphasizes the transformative power of labor and the idea that human nature is not fixed or unchanging. According to Marx, individuals are not predetermined by their nature, but rather, they actively construct their identities and evolve through their engagement in productive activities. Through labor, humans not only produce material goods but also shape their own social and historical realities.

2. (Fundação Carlos Chagas - 2010) Segundo o livro A condição humana, de Hanna Arendt, as três atividades humanas fundamentais são:

a fabricação, o trabalho e a ação e são designadas pela expressão homo faber.

o labor, o trabalho e a ação e são designadas pela expressão vita activa.

o jogo, o labor e o trabalho e são designadas pela expressão homo ludens

a linguagem, o labor e o trabalho e são designadas pela expressão homo laborans

a política, a linguagem e o trabalho e são designadas pela expressão zoon politikon.

The correct answer states that the three fundamental human activities according to Hanna Arendt's book "The Human Condition" are labor, work, and action, and they are designated by the expression vita activa. This explanation provides a clear and concise summary of the correct answer without any additional statements.

Explanation

The correct answer states that the three fundamental human activities according to Hanna Arendt's book "The Human Condition" are labor, work, and action, and they are designated by the expression vita activa. This explanation provides a clear and concise summary of the correct answer without any additional statements.

3. ( FUNADEPI - 2010) Sobre o conceito marxiano de Alienação, é correto afirmar que:

The correct answer explains that alienation is a result of a work relationship where the worker no longer connects with nature in order to achieve their own humanization through transforming the natural world. They also lose contact with the product of their efforts and become part of a fragmented production process where their work becomes a commodity and is solely aimed at their own survival. This explanation aligns with Marx's concept of alienation, which emphasizes the separation of workers from the fruits of their labor and the loss of their sense of self and purpose in the capitalist system.

Explanation

The correct answer explains that alienation is a result of a work relationship where the worker no longer connects with nature in order to achieve their own humanization through transforming the natural world. They also lose contact with the product of their efforts and become part of a fragmented production process where their work becomes a commodity and is solely aimed at their own survival. This explanation aligns with Marx's concept of alienation, which emphasizes the separation of workers from the fruits of their labor and the loss of their sense of self and purpose in the capitalist system.

4. (Fundação Carlos Chagas - 2010) Hanna Arendt abre A condição humana com a seguinte declaração: Em 1957, um objeto terrestre, feito pela mão do homem, foi lançado ao universo, onde durante algumas semanas girou em torno da Terra segundo as mesmas leis de gravitação que governam o movimento dos corpos celestes - o Sol, a Lua e as estrelas. É verdade que o satélite artificial não era nem lua nem estrela; não era um corpo celeste que pudesse prosseguir em sua órbita circular por um período de tempo que para nós, mortais limitados ao tempo da Terra, durasse uma eternidade. Ainda assim, pôde permanecer nos céus durante algum tempo; e lá ficou, movendo-se no convívio dos astros como se estes o houvessem provisoriamente admitido em sua sublime companhia. (ARENDT, H. A condição humana. Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária, 2001, p. 9) Assinale a alternativa abaixo que NÃO fornece uma explicação desse fato, de acordo com as ideias da autora:

A autora se utiliza do fato em questão para refletir, no livro citado, sobre as ações humanas no mundo.

The given answer is incorrect because it does not align with Hanna Arendt's ideas as presented in the passage. Nowhere in the passage does she mention the destruction of the Earth or the need to find a new planet to live on. Instead, she reflects on the significance of the object being launched into space and its ability to temporarily exist among the celestial bodies.

Explanation

The given answer is incorrect because it does not align with Hanna Arendt's ideas as presented in the passage. Nowhere in the passage does she mention the destruction of the Earth or the need to find a new planet to live on. Instead, she reflects on the significance of the object being launched into space and its ability to temporarily exist among the celestial bodies.

5. (Uem 2010) O corpo tem muita importância para a Filosofia, pois representa uma experiência universal e pré-reflexiva de acesso ao mundo. Com base nessa afirmação, assinale o que for correto.

The correct answers explain different perspectives on the importance and understanding of the body in philosophy. Answer 01 states that "dualismo psicofísico" is a metaphysical theory that explains the human being as composed of two different parts: body (material) and soul (spiritual). Answer 04 highlights that during the Renaissance and the Modern Age, the body becomes the object of science, associated with the mechanistic idea that considers it as a machine. Answer 16 refers to René Descartes' belief that the soul is easier to know than the body, as in the order of certainties, the "res cogitans" (thinking thing) is prior to the "res extensa" (extended thing).

Explanation

The correct answers explain different perspectives on the importance and understanding of the body in philosophy. Answer 01 states that "dualismo psicofísico" is a metaphysical theory that explains the human being as composed of two different parts: body (material) and soul (spiritual). Answer 04 highlights that during the Renaissance and the Modern Age, the body becomes the object of science, associated with the mechanistic idea that considers it as a machine. Answer 16 refers to René Descartes' belief that the soul is easier to know than the body, as in the order of certainties, the "res cogitans" (thinking thing) is prior to the "res extensa" (extended thing).

Submit