Unit Testing In Java

Explanation
Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development approach where tests are written before the actual code implementation. This means that developers first create automated tests that define the desired behavior of the code. These tests are then used as a guide to write the code that will pass the tests. By writing tests first, TDD promotes a more systematic and disciplined approach to development, ensuring that code is designed to meet specific requirements and reducing the risk of introducing bugs or errors.

Explanation
To make a Unit Test a JUnit Test, it should extend the "TestCase" class. The "TestCase" class is a base class provided by JUnit framework that provides various methods and assertions to facilitate the testing process. By extending this class, the Unit Test inherits these functionalities and can be executed as a JUnit Test.

Explanation
The annotations @Before, @After, and @Test are used within a JUnit Test class. @Before is used to specify a method that should be executed before each test method in the class. @After is used to specify a method that should be executed after each test method. @Test is used to specify a method as a test method that will be executed by the JUnit framework. These annotations help in setting up the necessary preconditions before each test, performing the test, and cleaning up any resources after the test is executed.

Explanation
The "@Before" annotation in testing frameworks is used to define a method that needs to be executed before each test case. This method is typically used to set up any necessary preconditions or initialize variables before running the test. Therefore, the statement "True" is correct as the "@Before" method does indeed get executed before each test.

Explanation
Developers are expected to write unit tests. Unit tests are a type of software testing where individual components or units of a software system are tested to ensure that they are functioning correctly. Since developers are responsible for writing the code for these components, they are also expected to write the corresponding unit tests to verify their functionality. This helps in identifying and fixing any issues or bugs early in the development process, ensuring the overall quality of the software.

Explanation
Unit tests should be written when you start coding and in parallel with your coding. Writing unit tests from the beginning helps in identifying and fixing bugs early in the development process. It also ensures that the code is working as expected and provides a safety net for making changes or refactoring later on. Writing unit tests in parallel with coding promotes a test-driven development approach, where tests are written before the actual implementation, helping to drive the design and ensuring that the code meets the desired requirements.

Explanation
In unit testing, the smallest unit that is tested or targeted is a method or function. Unit testing involves testing individual units of code in isolation to ensure that they function correctly. Methods and functions are the building blocks of code and testing them individually helps in identifying and fixing any bugs or issues at a granular level. Testing constants and variables may not provide comprehensive coverage as they do not involve the execution of code logic. Similarly, testing at the class or package level would be more of integration or system testing rather than unit testing.