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Out of the given options, "started" is the only word that is synonymous with "began" or "commenced". The other options do not convey the same meaning as "started". Therefore, "started" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "caused". This is because the sentence states that the rains of 1993 caused the Missouri river to overflow, which resulted in one of the worst floods of the 20th century.

The correct answer is "the higher the life expectancy". This is because the sentence is discussing the relationship between the quality of healthcare and life expectancy. The word "higher" is used to indicate an increase in life expectancy as the quality of healthcare improves.

The correct answer accurately reflects the statement made by Jane in the given scenario. Jane shouted to the strange man to get out of her car and threatened to call the police if he didn't comply. The answer effectively captures the essence of Jane's warning and conveys the intended meaning.

The correct answer is "has been chosen". This is because the sentence is referring to a single gifted student who has been selected to participate in the final competition. The use of "has been" indicates that the action of choosing this student has already taken place in the past.

The correct answer combines the two sentences by using the phrase "Difficult as her living conditions were" to show the contrast between her challenging living conditions and her ability to study well. This phrase indicates that despite the difficult circumstances, she still managed to study effectively.

The given correct answer is "harm." This suggests that spending large amounts of time watching TV can have negative effects on young children's school work. It implies that excessive TV viewing may distract children from their studies and hinder their academic performance.

The words "nature," "culture," and "measure" are all related to different concepts or aspects, while "technique" stands out as the only word related to a specific skill or method. This suggests that "technique" is the odd one out in this group of words.

The passage discusses the importance of parents making an honest effort to remain involved in their children's lives. This suggests that parents need to actively take steps to stay connected and engaged with their children. The word "make" in this context implies that parents need to consciously and intentionally put in the effort to maintain open lines of communication and avoid feelings of isolation and secrecy in their family relationships.

The primary stress in the word "influence" falls on the second syllable, while in the other three words, "inflation," "proposal," and "diversity," the primary stress falls on the first syllable.

Driving at higher speeds in built-up areas increases the likelihood of having an accident. This is because built-up areas are usually crowded with pedestrians, cyclists, and other vehicles, making it necessary to drive slower and be more cautious. The word "probable" in option D suggests that the higher the speed, the more likely it is to have an accident, reinforcing the importance of driving slower in built-up areas.

The given answer is correct because it acknowledges that criticizing the son in front of his friends was wrong. This shows an understanding of the potential embarrassment and negative impact it could have on the son. By suggesting that the criticism should have been avoided in that situation, it highlights the importance of being considerate and mindful of the son's feelings when he is with his friends.

The given sentence states that after a trial of five days, the court found him innocent of the crime and he was released. Therefore, the opposite of innocent in this context would be guilty.

The correct answer is "the bridge was built." This is the correct answer because it uses the past tense "was built" to indicate that the action of building the bridge has already happened in the past. The other options are either in the wrong tense or use incorrect word order.

The correct answer is "So great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately." This sentence conveys the same meaning as the original statement by emphasizing the magnitude of the demand and the necessity to reprint the book immediately.

The correct answer is "flowing". This is because the sentence is referring to rivers that are currently flowing into the Baltic Sea, indicating an ongoing action in the present. The present participle "flowing" is used to describe this continuous action.

The word "range" fits logically in the sentence because it suggests a variety or selection of goods and services that Prestel customers can purchase using their credit cards. The other options (level, board, and bargain) do not convey the same meaning and would not make sense in the sentence.

Lucy's response of "Absolutely!" is the most suitable response to complete the exchange because it shows agreement with Tom's statement about the job being time-consuming. It indicates that Lucy agrees with Tom's opinion.

The phrase "makes up for" means to compensate for or counterbalance something. In this context, it suggests that the person's enthusiasm compensates for their lack of experience.

The correct answer is "economical" because it is the adjective form of the word "economy" and is used to describe something that is efficient and cost-effective in terms of fuel consumption. In the context of the question, it means that there is a growing need for cars that are fuel-efficient.

The word "materialistic" refers to a focus on material possessions and wealth. The word "spiritual" is the opposite of materialistic, as it refers to a focus on non-material aspects such as the soul, emotions, and spiritual beliefs.

The correct answer is "Anything will do." This response indicates that Mary is open to any of the options mentioned by John and does not have a specific preference.

The correct answer is "nerves" because lighting a cigar is a common way for some people to calm their nerves or reduce anxiety. Smoking can have a relaxing effect on the body, and the act of lighting a cigar may serve as a ritual or a form of self-soothing in stressful situations. Therefore, it can be inferred that the person in the question would light a cigar to calm their nerves when faced with important decisions.

The underlined part in "disadvantage" is pronounced with the /dɪs/ sound, while the underlined parts in "candidate," "campus," and "challenge" are pronounced with the /k/ sound.

In paragraph 3, the phrase "crashed into" means to collide forcefully with something. Therefore, the closest meaning to "crashed into" is "hit".

The correct answer is "is said to have." This is because the sentence is discussing Michael Phelps and his achievements in swimming. The phrase "is said to have" suggests that there is a general consensus or belief that he has broken several world records in swimming. It indicates that this information is commonly known or acknowledged by others.

In paragraph 5, the word "proposes" suggests that someone is putting forward an idea or suggestion. It implies that they are offering a plan or course of action for consideration.

The correct answer is "the famine-stricken". This answer is correct because it accurately completes the sentence and makes sense in the context of the question. The Red Cross is known for providing emergency aid in times of crisis, and "the famine-stricken" describes a group of people who are suffering from famine and in need of assistance.

Many astronomers doubt that the Earth and the moon formed at the same time because they are formed of different materials. This is supported by the fact that the moon has a much lower density compared to the Earth, suggesting that it is made up of different materials. Additionally, the moon lacks certain elements that are abundant on Earth, further indicating that they have different origins. This suggests that the moon may have formed elsewhere in the solar system and later been captured by Earth's gravitational pull.

The correct answer states that the expert was the only person who was able to realize that the painting was an imitation, even though it greatly resembled the original. This implies that others, including non-experts, were not able to recognize that the painting was fake because of its strong resemblance to the original.

The word "avoid" is the correct answer because it means to stay away from or prevent something from happening. In the given list of words, "refuse" means to decline or say no, "finish" means to complete or end, and "encourage" means to support or motivate. Out of these options, only "avoid" fits the context of staying away or preventing something.

The correct answer is B because it states that the Earth is the only planet with a large number of oxygen. This implies that other planets do not have a significant amount of oxygen in their atmosphere.

The main idea of the first paragraph is the increasing popularity of new payment methods, specifically smart cards and mobile phones. The passage mentions that in Japan, thousands of transactions are already taking place every day using these methods, and predictions suggest that payments using mobile phones will continue to rise in the future. The passage also highlights the advantages of these new payment methods, such as speed, convenience, and reduced fraud and theft.

The underlined part "a lot of debts" needs correction. The correct form should be "a lot of debt" as "debt" is an uncountable noun and does not require the article "a" before it.

The correct answer is "held up." In this context, "held up" means that the application was delayed or prevented from progressing due to the postal strike. The postal strike caused a disruption in the normal flow of mail, resulting in a delay or halt in the processing of the application.

The passage discusses different theories about the creation of the moon and the lack of conclusive evidence for any of them. It mentions the collision theory, the theory that the Earth and moon formed at the same time, the theory of the moon being captured by Earth's gravity, and the theory of the Earth's rapid rotation causing the formation of the moon. Therefore, "Theories on the Creation of the Moon" would be the most appropriate title for the passage.

In paragraph 5, the word "it" refers to the Earth.

The strong point of e-cash is that it has no fraud. This means that e-cash transactions are secure and cannot be easily manipulated or hacked, ensuring the safety of the user's financial information.

The word "embedded" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to "integrated". This means that something is deeply incorporated or merged into something else, often to the point of being inseparable.

The author believes that in the future, daily expenses on drinks and tickets will be reflected on phone statements. This suggests a shift towards using mobile payment methods for small, everyday purchases, eliminating the need for physical cash or credit cards.

Paragraph I supports the statement "No natural objects are closer to the Earth than the moon." This is because the paragraph discusses how the moon is the closest natural object to the Earth, and it explains that there are no other natural objects that are closer in proximity to the Earth than the moon.

In paragraph 2, the word "estimated" indicates that a calculation or approximation was made based on available information. This suggests that the answer "presumed" is the closest in meaning, as it implies that the estimation was made based on assumptions or conjecture rather than concrete evidence.

The word "risk" is the only option that is related to the concept of potential danger or uncertainty. "Notice," "lack," and "challenge" do not convey the same meaning as "risk."

The author mentions "a small flat-screen device" in the first paragraph to exemplify the e-cash system. This device serves as an example of the type of technology that can be used to facilitate electronic cash transactions. By mentioning this specific device, the author helps to illustrate how e-cash systems can be implemented in practice.

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The words "lived," "grown up," "bringing up," and "raised" all relate to the concept of someone's upbringing or how they were raised. However, out of these options, "raised" is the most appropriate term to describe the process of being brought up or cared for by parents or guardians. It specifically refers to the act of nurturing and providing for a child until they reach adulthood.

The author mentions the case of commuters in the third paragraph to illustrate a possible drawback of the system. This is because the author discusses how commuters may face difficulties if their e-cash cards are lost or stolen, as they would not have any other means to pay for their transportation. This highlights a potential disadvantage of relying solely on the e-cash system for financial transactions.

The correct answer is "little modem square brick." This answer is correct because it follows the correct order of adjectives in English. According to the rule, the order of adjectives should be: opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, and purpose. In this case, "little" describes the size of the house, "modem" describes the age or style of the house, and "square" and "brick" describe the shape and material of the house respectively.

The phrase "one another" is used to refer to a reciprocal relationship between multiple people or things. It implies mutual action or interaction between them. In this context, it suggests that there is a connection or relationship between the subjects mentioned in the question. The other options do not convey the same meaning of mutual interaction or reciprocity. Therefore, "one another" is the correct answer.

The writer's feelings about the future of banks are not clearly expressed in the given information. The writer may have mixed emotions or lack a definite opinion, leading to uncertainty about the future of banks.