Take The Trivia Questions Quiz On Radio Resource Management!

Reviewed by Editorial Team

The ProProfs editorial team is comprised of experienced subject matter experts. They've collectively created over 10,000 quizzes and lessons, serving over 100 million users. Our team includes in-house content moderators and subject matter experts, as well as a global network of rigorously trained contributors. All adhere to our comprehensive editorial guidelines, ensuring the delivery of high-quality content.

Learn about Our Editorial Process

| By Fgpgonzales

Fgpgonzales

Community Contributor

Quizzes Created: 3 | Total Attempts: 484

| Attempts: 270

Questions

Feedback

During the Quiz End of Quiz

Difficulty

Sequential Easy First Hard First

1/90 Questions

This interface enables the RNC to maintain Radio Resource Management (RRM) independently.
- Iur
- Iub
- Iu
- None of the choices

About This Quiz

Below is the hardest trivia questions quiz on Radio Resource Management! A radio signal that is not so reliable can lead to delayed communication, and this calls for its performance to be tested on a regular basis so as to ensure continued communication. Think you have what it takes to tackle this trivia based on your knowledge? Do give it See morea try and get to find out!

Take The Trivia Questions Quiz On Radio Resource Management! - Quiz

Quiz Preview

2.

Wideband switching in the RNC makes the element structure of RNC remarkably different to element structure of BSC in GSM BSS during implementation.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The explanation for the given correct answer is that wideband switching in the RNC (Radio Network Controller) does indeed make the element structure of the RNC different from the element structure of the BSC (Base Station Controller) in GSM BSS (GSM Base Station Subsystem) during implementation. Wideband switching refers to the ability to transmit a large amount of data over a wide frequency range, and it allows for more efficient and faster communication in the RNC compared to the BSC. This difference in element structure is a result of the technological advancements and improvements in the RNC compared to the older GSM BSS system.

Rate this question:
3.

What are the RNC functions to control radio resource connection (RRC) that require an active bearer (e.g. connection-based functions)?
- Handover Control, Micro Diversity
- Load Control
- Admission Control
- Packet Scheduler
- Resourace Manager
- Power Control
Correct Answer(s)

A. Handover Control, Micro Diversity
A. Power Control

Explanation

The RNC functions that require an active bearer (connection-based functions) are Handover Control, Micro Diversity, and Power Control. Handover Control is responsible for managing the handover process between different cells. Micro Diversity helps in improving the signal quality by combining multiple received signals. Power Control adjusts the transmission power to optimize the signal quality and prevent interference. These functions are essential for maintaining a stable and efficient radio resource connection in the network.

Rate this question:
4.

These are used to manage the amounf of power being transmitted and the number of subscribers in a cell. This control is important when introducing new bearer allocations into the network
- Power Control and Load Control
- Load Control and Admission Control
- Load Control and Packet Scheduler
- Resource Manager and Power Control
Correct Answer

A. Load Control and Admission Control

Explanation

Load control and admission control are used to manage the amount of power being transmitted and the number of subscribers in a cell. Load control ensures that the network resources are not overloaded by controlling the number of subscribers accessing the network at a given time. Admission control, on the other hand, regulates the number of new bearer allocations into the network to maintain a balanced load and prevent congestion. Both load control and admission control are important for efficient network management and ensuring quality of service for subscribers.

Rate this question:
5.

Which RNC function is responsible for allocation of bearer?
- Load Control
- Admission Control
- Micro Diversity
- Resource Manager
Correct Answer

A. Resource Manager

Explanation

The Resource Manager function in the RNC is responsible for the allocation of bearer. It manages and allocates network resources such as bandwidth and channels to establish and maintain the communication channels between the RNC and the connected devices. The Resource Manager ensures efficient utilization of resources and allocates them based on the network's capacity and the requirements of the connected devices.

Rate this question:
6.

The main RRC states are detached, idle and connected.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Only idle and connected states.

Rate this question:
7.

From the UE to the network connection point of view, the RRC changes its state from idle to connected.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

From the perspective of the User Equipment (UE) to the network connection point of view, when the RRC (Radio Resource Control) changes its state from idle to connected, it means that the UE is transitioning from a state where it is not actively communicating with the network to a state where it is connected and ready to exchange data with the network. This change in state allows the UE to establish a connection with the network and start sending and receiving data. Therefore, the statement "True" is correct.

Rate this question:
8.

For any user exchange of user data and signaling between the UE and the network, the RRC-connected state can be considered a prerequisite.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The RRC-connected state is indeed a prerequisite for the exchange of user data and signaling between the UE (User Equipment) and the network. This state is established when the UE successfully completes the RRC (Radio Resource Control) connection procedure with the network. In this state, the UE is able to transmit and receive data, as well as exchange signaling messages with the network. Without being in the RRC-connected state, the UE would not be able to establish a connection with the network and therefore cannot exchange data or signaling. Hence, the statement is true.

Rate this question:
9.

When there is no RRC connection between the mobile and the network, but the mobile is switched on, the mobile is considered to be in _____ mode. It means that the mobile is listening to one base station and is in readiness to start a connection, or is waiting to be paged.
- Standby
- Detached
- Idle
- Attached
Correct Answer

A. Idle

Explanation

When the mobile is switched on but there is no RRC connection with the network, it is considered to be in idle mode. In this mode, the mobile is listening to one base station and is ready to establish a connection or waiting to be paged. This means that the mobile is not actively engaged in any communication or data transfer, but is still powered on and able to receive incoming requests or signals from the network.

Rate this question:
10.

In this RRC mode/state, a dedicated channel is provided to the subscriber. In this state, the UE is sending measurement reports to the network, which enables the system to control the dedicated bearer and perform handovers.
- Cell_PCH
- Cell_FACH
- Cell_DCH
- URA_PCH
Correct Answer

A. Cell_DCH

Explanation

In Cell_DCH (Cell Dedicated Channel) mode/state, a dedicated channel is provided to the subscriber. This means that the UE (User Equipment) has a dedicated connection to the network, allowing for faster and more efficient communication. In this state, the UE is also sending measurement reports to the network, which helps the system control the dedicated bearer (the specific channel being used for communication) and perform handovers (transferring the connection from one cell to another).

Rate this question:
11.

In this RRC mode, the mobile is only sending small pieces of information to the network, for example irregular Internet-based traffic or for signaling. The network does not perform handovers as the mobile moves from one cell to another. The UE just informs the network about its current location
- Cell_PCH
- Cell_FACH
- Cell_DCH
- URA_PCH
Correct Answer

A. Cell_FACH

Explanation

In Cell_FACH (Forward Access Channel) mode, the mobile device is in an idle state but is still connected to the network. It is able to receive paging messages and send small amounts of data. This mode is used for applications such as web browsing or sending/receiving emails, where the data transmission is not continuous but still requires a relatively low latency. The network can also perform handovers as the mobile device moves from one cell to another in this mode.

Rate this question:
12.

In this RRC mode, the network bearer is not being used for a long time but the mobile is still known to a cell level. In this state, the UE is using a Diagnostics Repetition Function (DRX) to save battery. No handover is needed when the mobile moves from one cell to another.
- Cell_PCH
- Cell_FACH
- Cell_DCH
- URA_PCH
Correct Answer

A. Cell_PCH

Explanation

In Cell_PCH mode, the mobile device is in a low-power state where it is still connected to the network but not actively transmitting or receiving data. The device is known to the network at a cell level, meaning it can still receive paging messages. This mode is used to save battery power by utilizing the Diagnostics Repetition Function (DRX). Unlike other modes, no handover is required when the device moves from one cell to another.

Rate this question:
13.

In this RRC mode, a handover is needed when the mobile moves from one cell to another.
- Cell_PCH
- Cell_FACH
- Cell_DCH
- URA_PCH
Correct Answer

A. Cell_DCH

Explanation

In Cell_DCH mode, the mobile device is in an active state and is engaged in a data call or a voice call. Handover is required when the mobile device moves from one cell to another because the connection needs to be maintained without interruption. This mode allows for faster data transfer rates and lower latency compared to other modes.

Rate this question:
14.

In this URA_DCH RRC mode, the mobile is not being used for a long time but the mobile is known on the RNC level only.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

It is URA_PCH mode.

Rate this question:
15.

RRC as an entity is composed of two items, Medium Access Control (MAC) and Radio Link Control (RLC). Together these two are also called as Layer 3 processing.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Layer 2 processing.

Rate this question:
16.

Transmission/Reception functions of the physical layer include: - mapping to physical channels - spreading, - modulation - power amplification and...
- Channel coding and interleaving
- Frame error correction
- Multiplexing of transport channels
- Bit error correction
Correct Answer(s)

A. Channel coding and interleaving
A. Multiplexing of transport channels

Explanation

The correct answer includes two functions of the physical layer: channel coding and interleaving, and multiplexing of transport channels. Channel coding and interleaving are techniques used to improve the reliability of data transmission by adding redundancy and rearranging the data. Multiplexing of transport channels involves combining multiple data streams into a single transmission channel to increase efficiency and capacity. These functions are essential for ensuring reliable and efficient communication over physical channels.

Rate this question:
17.

A frequency and a code characterize a physical layer.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

A frequency and a code characterize a physical layer because in communication systems, the physical layer is responsible for transmitting and receiving signals over a physical medium. The frequency refers to the specific range of electromagnetic waves used for transmission, while the code refers to the modulation scheme or encoding technique used to represent the data. These two characteristics are fundamental in defining the physical layer and its ability to transmit data reliably and efficiently.

Rate this question:
18.

The MAC layer performs scheduling and mapping of logical channel data onto the transport channels provided by the physical layer.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The MAC layer is responsible for scheduling and mapping logical channel data onto the transport channels provided by the physical layer. This means that it determines how the data will be transmitted over the physical channels, ensuring efficient and reliable communication. Therefore, the statement is true.

Rate this question:
19.

For common transport channels, the MAC layer adds addressing information to distinguish data flows intended for different handsets.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The MAC layer in common transport channels adds addressing information to distinguish data flows intended for different handsets. This allows for efficient and reliable communication between multiple handsets using the same transport channel. By adding addressing information, the MAC layer ensures that data is correctly delivered to the intended recipient, improving the overall performance and effectiveness of the communication system. Therefore, the statement is true.

Rate this question:
20.

In GSM, there is a possibility to dynamically switch one logical channel (data flow) onto different transport channel types, based on the activity of the subscriber.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

In UMTS.

Rate this question:
21.

The Radio Link Control protocol operates in one of three modes: transparent, unacknowledged, or acknowledged mode. It performs segmentation/reassembly functions and, in unacknowledged mode, provides an assured mode delivery service by used of retransmission.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

In acknowledged mode.

Rate this question:
22.

RLC provides service for RRC signaling to the Radio Access Bearer and for the user data transfer, the Signaling Radio Bearer.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

It's the inverse.

Rate this question:
23.

The followgin are RRC layer controls the following EXCEPT:
- Radio Bearers
- Physical Channels
- Mapping of the different channel types
- Handover
- Measurement and other Mobility procedures
- None of the choices
Correct Answer

A. None of the choices

Explanation

The RRC layer controls all of the listed options, including Radio Bearers, Physical Channels, Mapping of the different channel types, Handover, Measurement and other Mobility procedures. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the choices".

Rate this question:
24.

Ciphering of non-real time date is done by the RLC.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The RLC (Radio Link Control) is responsible for ciphering non-real time data. Ciphering involves encrypting data to ensure its confidentiality and security. Since the statement states that ciphering of non-real time data is done by the RLC, it implies that the statement is true.

Rate this question:
25.

Which of the following is a functions of RLC?
- Ciphering of RT data
- Selection of common or dedicated channels
- Selection of data to be inserted in the radio frame
- Retransmission across the air
Correct Answer

A. Retransmission across the air

Explanation

RLC stands for Radio Link Control, which is a protocol layer in the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) network. One of the functions of RLC is retransmission across the air. This means that if there is an error or loss of data during transmission, RLC can resend the data packets to ensure reliable delivery. This is important in maintaining the integrity and quality of the communication between the mobile device and the base station.

Rate this question:
26.

Which of the following is a function of MAC?
- Segmentation
- Ciphering of NRT data
- Buffering
- Multiplexing of logical channels into same transport channels
Correct Answer

A. Multiplexing of logical channels into same transport channels

Explanation

MAC stands for Media Access Control, which is a sublayer of the Data Link Layer in the OSI model. Its main function is to control access to the physical medium and handle the transmission of data between devices. One of the functions of MAC is multiplexing, which involves combining multiple logical channels into the same transport channel. This allows for efficient use of the available bandwidth by sharing the same physical channel among different data streams. Therefore, the correct answer is "Multiplexing of logical channels into same transport channels."

Rate this question:
27.

When WCDMA network is planned, one of the basic criteria for planning is to define the acceptable interference level, with which the network is expected to function correctly. This planning based value and the actual signals the UE transmit set practical limits for the Uu interface capacity.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The explanation for the given correct answer is that when planning a WCDMA network, it is indeed important to define the acceptable interference level. This is because the interference level can affect the network's ability to function correctly. The planning based value for the acceptable interference level is used to set practical limits for the Uu interface capacity, which is the interface between the user equipment (UE) and the network. Therefore, the statement that the acceptable interference level is a basic criteria for planning a WCDMA network is true.

Rate this question:
28.

The main task of Load Control is to estimate whether a new call can have access to the system without sacrificing the bearer requirements of existing calls. Based on this, the RNC grants or rejects the access.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Admission Control

Rate this question:
29.

SIR is also called Interference Margin and has a direct relationship with the cell load.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

SIR (Signal-to-Interference Ratio) is a measure of the quality of a wireless signal, specifically the ratio of the desired signal power to the interference power. It is also known as Interference Margin because it represents the amount of interference that can be tolerated before the signal quality deteriorates. The higher the SIR, the better the signal quality and the lower the interference. Therefore, SIR has a direct relationship with the cell load, as a higher cell load can lead to more interference and a lower SIR.

Rate this question:
30.

Interference Margin = 10 * (Log(1/(1-Load_Factor))) where Load_Factor is any number from 0 to 1
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The given formula calculates the interference margin based on the load factor. The load factor represents the utilization of a system or network, ranging from 0 to 1. The formula uses logarithmic calculations to determine the interference margin, which is a measure of the system's ability to handle interference. Therefore, the statement "True" indicates that the formula is correct.

Rate this question:
31.

When the cell load exceeds 70%, the interference in that cell will be very difficult to control.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

When the cell load exceeds 70%, it means that the cell is operating at a high capacity and is close to being overloaded. This high load can lead to increased interference within the cell, making it difficult to control and manage the quality of service for the users. Therefore, the statement is true.

Rate this question:
32.

WCDMA radio network normally dimensioned with expected capacity equivalent to Load Factor value 0.7 or 70%.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

50%

Rate this question:
33.

What do you call the value that represents a sensible cell load on which when the load is approaching this value, Traffic Handovers (TRHO) are performed?
- PRX_Target
- PRX_TARGET_BS
- SIR
- All of the choices
Correct Answer

A. PRX_Target

Explanation

The value that represents a sensible cell load on which when the load is approaching this value, Traffic Handovers (TRHO) are performed is called PRX_Target.

Rate this question:
34.

Since PRX_Target defines the planned load of the cell, maximum traffic admission is done up to this level in the cell.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

UMTS traffic is variable and traffic admission may exceed PRX_Target.

Rate this question:
35.

A second level of value known as the PRX_TARGET_BS is used by the RNC to stop situations of congestion. Once this value is reached, the RNC takes actions to reduce the load in a cell.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

It's the BTS or Node B.

Rate this question:
36.

It is a general feature that handles scheduling radio resources for Non-Real-Time (NRT) radio access bearers for both uplink and downlink directions.
- Radio Link Control
- Packet Scheduler
- Micro Diversity
- Buffering
Correct Answer

A. Packet Scheduler

Explanation

The correct answer is Packet Scheduler. The given explanation states that the Packet Scheduler is a general feature that handles scheduling radio resources for Non-Real-Time (NRT) radio access bearers for both uplink and downlink directions. This suggests that the Packet Scheduler is responsible for managing the allocation and prioritization of radio resources for NRT data transmission, ensuring efficient and effective use of the network.

Rate this question:
37.

Packet scheduler makes the decision of the used channel type for the uplink direction.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Downlink

Rate this question:
38.

In Release 3, the actions of the packet scheduler are driven by the load control function. The gap between RT traffic and the load target of the cell can be filled by the packet scheduler.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

In Release 3, the packet scheduler's actions are determined by the load control function, which means that the packet scheduler adjusts its behavior based on the current load of the cell. This allows the packet scheduler to fill any gaps between the real-time (RT) traffic and the load target of the cell, ensuring that the cell's resources are efficiently utilized. Therefore, the statement "True" is correct.

Rate this question:
39.

Its purpose is to optimize the capacity of a cell and prevent an overload situation to maintain the stability of the system. It consists of AC algos, PS algos and LC, which updates the load status of the cell based on resource measurements and estimations provided by AC and PS.
- Power Control
- Load Control
- Admission Control
- Resource Manager
Correct Answer

A. Load Control

Explanation

Load Control is the correct answer because it is responsible for optimizing the capacity of a cell and preventing an overload situation. It achieves this by updating the load status of the cell based on resource measurements and estimations provided by AC (Admission Control) and PS (Power Control). By managing the load, Load Control helps maintain the stability of the system.

Rate this question:
40.

In terms of overload control, the Load Control function of the RNC are both preventive and corrective.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The Load Control function of the RNC is both preventive and corrective in terms of overload control. This means that it not only takes measures to prevent overload situations from occurring in the first place but also takes corrective actions if an overload does occur. This ensures that the network remains stable and can handle the traffic efficiently.

Rate this question:
41.

Interference is the main resource criterion for CDMA system; the following load control measures are practiced: - UL total received wideband interference power - DL total transmission power - One RNC on cell basis periodically under.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The given statement is true. In a CDMA system, interference is a critical factor that affects the performance of the system. To control interference, various load control measures are implemented. These measures include monitoring the total received wideband interference power in the uplink (UL) and the total transmission power in the downlink (DL). Additionally, periodic load control actions are taken at the Radio Network Controller (RNC) on a cell basis. These measures help in managing and optimizing the system's resources to ensure efficient and reliable communication.

Rate this question:
42.

Traffic in a cell can be categorized by priority, depending on the traffic type (Conversational, Streaming, Interactive, Background). The categories can be subdivided into RT and NRT traffic.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The explanation for the correct answer is that traffic in a cell can indeed be categorized by priority based on the type of traffic, such as conversational, streaming, interactive, and background. These categories can further be divided into real-time (RT) and non-real-time (NRT) traffic. Therefore, the statement is true.

Rate this question:
43.

Above Ptx_threshold or Prx_threshold, Overload control of LC and PS decreases bitrate and drops NRT bearers
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

When the power level of a base station exceeds the Ptx_threshold or the received power level at the base station exceeds the Prx_threshold, the overload control mechanism of the LC (Load Control) and PS (Packet Scheduler) will be triggered. This mechanism aims to prevent network congestion and maintain the quality of service. As a result, the bitrate of the non-real-time (NRT) bearers will be decreased and some bearers may be dropped to alleviate the overload situation. Therefore, the statement is true.

Rate this question:
44.

Above Ptx_target + Ptx_offset, Preventive control of LC, AC does not admit new bearers, PS decreases bitrate of NRT
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The statement is true because when the total transmit power (Ptx_target + Ptx_offset) exceeds a certain threshold, preventive control of load control (LC) and admission control (AC) is activated. This means that new bearers are not admitted, and the power saving (PS) feature decreases the bitrate of non-real-time (NRT) bearers to reduce the overall power consumption.

Rate this question:
45.

Above Ptx_target, No actions done by LC, AC does not admit new bearers, PS does not increase NRT load but can change bitrate
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The given statement is true. It states that above the Ptx_target, no actions are done by the LC (Logical Channel), the AC (Access Control) does not admit new bearers, and the PS (Packet Switching) does not increase NRT (Non-Real-Time) load but can change the bitrate. This means that once the Ptx_target is reached, there will be no further actions taken by the LC, AC will not allow any new bearers, and PS will not increase the load but can adjust the bitrate.

Rate this question:
46.

Both scrambling and channelization codes are maintained by RNC.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the Radio Network Controller (RNC) is responsible for maintaining both scrambling and channelization codes. Scrambling codes are used to encrypt and decrypt data transmitted over the air interface, while channelization codes are used to separate different users or channels within the same frequency band. As the RNC is the central control entity in the radio access network, it manages and controls these codes to ensure efficient and secure communication. Therefore, it is true that both scrambling and channelization codes are maintained by the RNC.

Rate this question:
47.

Spreading code by definition is the same as scrambling code X channelization code.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The statement is true because spreading code and scrambling code are indeed the same as channelization code. These codes are used in communication systems to increase the bandwidth efficiency and provide security by spreading the signal across a wider frequency range. Therefore, the statement is correct.

Rate this question:
48.

It means the phenomenon where the probability of the blocked branch of the code tree increases too much and thus it starts to prevent new accesses to the system
- Code blocking
- Code handover
- Fragmentation
- None of the choices
Correct Answer

A. Fragmentation

Explanation

Fragmentation refers to the phenomenon where the memory space becomes divided into small, non-contiguous segments, leading to inefficient utilization of memory. In the context of the given explanation, it can be inferred that the "blocked branch of the code tree" refers to a segment of memory that is heavily fragmented, making it difficult for new accesses to the system. This aligns with the definition of fragmentation as the cause of the increased probability of the blocked branch, which ultimately prevents new accesses to the system.

Rate this question:
49.

The channelization code has the same length as the base band data.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

The channelization code is used in spread spectrum communication systems to spread the baseband data over a wider bandwidth. In order for the spreading process to be effective, the channelization code needs to have the same length as the baseband data. This ensures that the spreading and de-spreading processes can be properly synchronized, allowing for accurate data transmission and reception. Therefore, the statement that the channelization code has the same length as the baseband data is true.

Rate this question:

Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 22, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

Current Version
Mar 22, 2023

Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team
Dec 12, 2011

Quiz Created by
Fgpgonzales

Take The Trivia Questions Quiz On Radio Resource Management!

This interface enables the RNC to maintain Radio Resource Management (RRM) independently.

Quiz Preview

Wideband switching in the RNC makes the element structure of RNC remarkably different to element structure of BSC in GSM BSS during implementation.

What are the RNC functions to control radio resource connection (RRC) that require an active bearer (e.g. connection-based functions)?

These are used to manage the amounf of power being transmitted and the number of subscribers in a cell. This control is important when introducing new bearer allocations into the network

Which RNC function is responsible for allocation of bearer?

The main RRC states are detached, idle and connected.

From the UE to the network connection point of view, the RRC changes its state from idle to connected.

For any user exchange of user data and signaling between the UE and the network, the RRC-connected state can be considered a prerequisite.

When there is no RRC connection between the mobile and the network, but the mobile is switched on, the mobile is considered to be in _____ mode. It means that the mobile is listening to one base station and is in readiness to start a connection, or is waiting to be paged.

In this RRC mode/state, a dedicated channel is provided to the subscriber. In this state, the UE is sending measurement reports to the network, which enables the system to control the dedicated bearer and perform handovers.

In this RRC mode, the mobile is only sending small pieces of information to the network, for example irregular Internet-based traffic or for signaling. The network does not perform handovers as the mobile moves from one cell to another. The UE just informs the network about its current location

In this RRC mode, the network bearer is not being used for a long time but the mobile is still known to a cell level. In this state, the UE is using a Diagnostics Repetition Function (DRX) to save battery. No handover is needed when the mobile moves from one cell to another.

In this RRC mode, a handover is needed when the mobile moves from one cell to another.

In this URA_DCH RRC mode, the mobile is not being used for a long time but the mobile is known on the RNC level only.

RRC as an entity is composed of two items, Medium Access Control (MAC) and Radio Link Control (RLC). Together these two are also called as Layer 3 processing.

Transmission/Reception functions of the physical layer include: - mapping to physical channels - spreading, - modulation - power amplification and...

A frequency and a code characterize a physical layer.

The MAC layer performs scheduling and mapping of logical channel data onto the transport channels provided by the physical layer.

For common transport channels, the MAC layer adds addressing information to distinguish data flows intended for different handsets.

In GSM, there is a possibility to dynamically switch one logical channel (data flow) onto different transport channel types, based on the activity of the subscriber.

The Radio Link Control protocol operates in one of three modes: transparent, unacknowledged, or acknowledged mode. It performs segmentation/reassembly functions and, in unacknowledged mode, provides an assured mode delivery service by used of retransmission.

RLC provides service for RRC signaling to the Radio Access Bearer and for the user data transfer, the Signaling Radio Bearer.

The followgin are RRC layer controls the following EXCEPT:

Ciphering of non-real time date is done by the RLC.

Which of the following is a functions of RLC?

Which of the following is a function of MAC?

When WCDMA network is planned, one of the basic criteria for planning is to define the acceptable interference level, with which the network is expected to function correctly. This planning based value and the actual signals the UE transmit set practical limits for the Uu interface capacity.

The main task of Load Control is to estimate whether a new call can have access to the system without sacrificing the bearer requirements of existing calls. Based on this, the RNC grants or rejects the access.

SIR is also called Interference Margin and has a direct relationship with the cell load.

Interference Margin = 10 * (Log(1/(1-Load_Factor))) where Load_Factor is any number from 0 to 1

When the cell load exceeds 70%, the interference in that cell will be very difficult to control.

WCDMA radio network normally dimensioned with expected capacity equivalent to Load Factor value 0.7 or 70%.

What do you call the value that represents a sensible cell load on which when the load is approaching this value, Traffic Handovers (TRHO) are performed?

Since PRX_Target defines the planned load of the cell, maximum traffic admission is done up to this level in the cell.

A second level of value known as the PRX_TARGET_BS is used by the RNC to stop situations of congestion. Once this value is reached, the RNC takes actions to reduce the load in a cell.

It is a general feature that handles scheduling radio resources for Non-Real-Time (NRT) radio access bearers for both uplink and downlink directions.

Packet scheduler makes the decision of the used channel type for the uplink direction.

In Release 3, the actions of the packet scheduler are driven by the load control function. The gap between RT traffic and the load target of the cell can be filled by the packet scheduler.

Its purpose is to optimize the capacity of a cell and prevent an overload situation to maintain the stability of the system. It consists of AC algos, PS algos and LC, which updates the load status of the cell based on resource measurements and estimations provided by AC and PS.

In terms of overload control, the Load Control function of the RNC are both preventive and corrective.

Interference is the main resource criterion for CDMA system; the following load control measures are practiced: - UL total received wideband interference power - DL total transmission power - One RNC on cell basis periodically under.

Traffic in a cell can be categorized by priority, depending on the traffic type (Conversational, Streaming, Interactive, Background). The categories can be subdivided into RT and NRT traffic.

Above Ptx_threshold or Prx_threshold, Overload control of LC and PS decreases bitrate and drops NRT bearers

Above Ptx_target + Ptx_offset, Preventive control of LC, AC does not admit new bearers, PS decreases bitrate of NRT

Above Ptx_target, No actions done by LC, AC does not admit new bearers, PS does not increase NRT load but can change bitrate

Both scrambling and channelization codes are maintained by RNC.

Spreading code by definition is the same as scrambling code X channelization code.

It means the phenomenon where the probability of the blocked branch of the code tree increases too much and thus it starts to prevent new accesses to the system

The channelization code has the same length as the base band data.