System Analysis And Design Quiz! Trivia

An activity diagram is a visual representation that describes the different user or system activities, the person responsible for each activity, and the sequential flow of these activities. It is commonly used in software development to model the behavior of a system or process. The diagram uses various symbols and arrows to show the order in which activities occur and how they are related to each other. It helps in understanding and analyzing the steps involved in a process or system.

Stakeholders are individuals or groups who have a vested interest in the successful implementation of a system. They can include users, clients, middle managers, and other relevant parties. These stakeholders may be directly affected by the system or have a role in its development, implementation, or maintenance. Their involvement and support are crucial for the system's success, as they provide input, resources, and guidance throughout the process.

Closed-ended questions are designed to limit the possible answers to a predefined set of choices. This helps to provide clear and concise responses, making it easier to analyze and compare the data collected. By restricting the range of possible answers, closed-ended questions allow for more efficient data collection and analysis, making them a valuable tool in research and survey design.

Closed-ended questions have a specific and limited set of possible answers. These questions typically require a short or single-word response and do not allow for in-depth explanations or opinions. They are useful in situations where the researcher wants to gather specific information or data and have clear and easily quantifiable responses. In contrast, open-ended questions allow for more diverse and subjective responses, while multiple-choice questions provide a predetermined set of options to choose from.

The critical path is a sequence of tasks that cannot be delayed without causing the project to be completed late. It represents the longest duration of tasks in a project and determines the minimum time required to complete the project. Any delay in tasks on the critical path will directly impact the project's overall timeline.

A determination of the economic feasibility of a project always requires a thorough cost/benefit analysis. This analysis involves evaluating the costs associated with the project and comparing them to the potential benefits that will be gained. It helps in determining whether the project is financially viable and if the benefits outweigh the costs. By conducting a cost/benefit analysis, decision-makers can make informed choices about whether to proceed with the project or explore alternative options.

A team leader may have both project management duties and some technical duties. This means that in addition to overseeing and managing a team, the team leader is also responsible for performing certain technical tasks related to the project. This combination of responsibilities allows the team leader to have a comprehensive understanding of both the managerial and technical aspects of the project, enabling them to effectively lead and guide their team towards successful project completion.

Project scope management is the correct answer because it involves defining and controlling the functions, features, and deliverables that are to be included in the project. It includes activities such as gathering requirements, creating a scope statement, defining the project scope, and managing any changes to the scope throughout the project. By effectively managing the project scope, project managers can ensure that the project stays within its intended boundaries and meets the objectives and expectations of stakeholders.

An example of an intangible benefit is increased levels of service. Intangible benefits are those that cannot be easily quantified or measured in monetary terms. In this case, increased levels of service refer to improvements in the quality or efficiency of service provided to customers. While it may not directly translate into immediate financial gains, it can lead to customer satisfaction, loyalty, and positive word-of-mouth, ultimately benefiting the organization in the long run.

A prototype is a preliminary version of a product or system that is built to test and validate certain aspects of its design. It is usually created with the intention of gathering feedback and making improvements before the final version is developed. The given answer correctly describes the characteristics of a prototype. It states that a prototype is operative and executable, meaning it can be used and tested. It is also focused on a specific objective, which helps in evaluating its effectiveness. Additionally, a prototype is quickly built, allowing for rapid iteration and refinement of the design.

A logical model represents the system's functionality and behavior without specifying the specific technologies or implementation details. It focuses on the conceptual aspects of the system, providing a high-level understanding of what the system is supposed to do. This allows for flexibility in choosing the appropriate technologies and platforms during the implementation phase.

A representation of some aspect of the system being built is referred to as a model. A model is a simplified version or a visual representation of the system that helps in understanding and analyzing its various aspects. It can be used to simulate, predict, or test the behavior of the system before it is implemented. Models are commonly used in various fields such as software development, engineering, and business analysis to effectively communicate and design complex systems.

A Gantt chart is a good tool for monitoring the progress of a project as it moves along. It provides a visual representation of the project timeline, showing the start and end dates of each task, as well as the dependencies between tasks. This allows project managers to track the progress of each task, identify any delays or bottlenecks, and make necessary adjustments to ensure the project stays on track. The Gantt chart also helps in resource allocation and scheduling, making it an effective tool for project monitoring.

Feasibility refers to the assessment of whether a development project has a reasonable chance of success. It involves evaluating various factors such as technical, economic, legal, and operational aspects to determine if the project is viable and achievable. By analyzing the feasibility of a project, one can identify potential risks and challenges, assess resource requirements, and make informed decisions about its implementation.

A workflow is the sequence of processing steps that completely handles one business transaction or customer request. It outlines the specific tasks and actions that need to be performed in order to fulfill a particular request or complete a transaction. It provides a systematic approach to ensure that all necessary steps are taken and that the process flows smoothly from start to finish.

The question is asking about two general approaches for building something. The options given are "system scope document," "work breakdown structure (WBS)," "proof of concept prototype," and "context diagram." Out of these options, the most appropriate answer is "work breakdown structure (WBS)." A work breakdown structure is a hierarchical decomposition of the project into smaller, more manageable components. This approach helps in organizing and defining the scope of work required for the project. The other options are not directly related to the two general approaches mentioned in the question.

Questionnaires can be used to determine user opinions because they allow researchers to gather information and insights directly from the users themselves. By asking a series of structured questions, questionnaires provide a systematic approach to collecting data on user preferences, attitudes, and experiences. This enables researchers to understand user opinions on various topics, such as products, services, or experiences, and use this information to inform decision-making, improve products or services, or identify areas for further research or improvement.

Functional requirements describe the specific activities and functions that the system must perform in order to meet the business needs and goals. These requirements outline the specific features, capabilities, and behaviors that the system should have in order to support the desired business processes and operations. Functional requirements are typically defined through collaboration with stakeholders and are essential in guiding the development and design of the system.

Functional requirements are most often documented in graphical and textual models. This is because functional requirements describe the specific behaviors and functionalities that a system or software must have in order to fulfill its intended purpose. Graphical and textual models provide a clear and visual representation of these requirements, making it easier for stakeholders to understand and communicate them effectively. On the other hand, nonfunctional requirements, such as security, technical, and performance requirements, may also be documented in graphical and textual models, but they are not as commonly associated with these types of documentation as functional requirements are.

Net present value (NPV) is a financial metric used to determine the value of an investment or project by taking into account the time value of money. It calculates the present value of cash flows generated by the investment, discounted by a predetermined rate, to determine whether the investment will result in a positive or negative return. In this case, the objective is to determine a specific value based on a predetermined discount rate, which aligns with the purpose of calculating NPV.

The responsibility of the project manager from an external perspective is to report project status and progress. This involves providing updates to stakeholders, clients, and other external parties about the current state of the project, including any milestones achieved, potential issues, and overall progress towards the project's goals. This helps to ensure transparency and effective communication with external stakeholders, keeping them informed about the project's progress and enabling them to make informed decisions. Assessing project risks, assessing team members to tasks, and developing the project schedule are also important responsibilities of the project manager, but they are not specifically related to the external perspective.

A structured walkthrough is a systematic process used to review and analyze a piece of work, such as a document or a software system. The objective of a structured walkthrough is to identify and find errors and problems in the work being reviewed. This helps in ensuring the quality and correctness of the work before it is finalized or implemented. The other options, such as fixing problems in the system, informing the project leader of progress, and simply walking through a piece of work, do not accurately capture the main purpose of a structured walkthrough, which is to identify and address errors and problems.

Joint application design (JAD) sessions involve bringing together key stakeholders, end-users, and developers to collaborate on the design and development of a project. These sessions allow for real-time communication and decision-making, which leads to a better understanding of requirements and reduces the chances of miscommunication. By involving all relevant parties in the design process, JAD sessions help to streamline project development efforts and shorten the schedule. This collaborative approach ensures that everyone's input is considered, resulting in a more successful and efficient project outcome.

The modern structured analysis technique uses data flow diagrams (DFDs) to represent the flow of data within a system. In addition to DFDs, it also utilizes entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs) to depict the relationships between different entities or objects within the system. ERDs help in understanding the structure of the system and how different entities are related to each other. Therefore, ERDs are an essential component of the modern structured analysis technique.

Projects initiated through strategic planning are sometimes described as "top-down" projects because they are driven by the organization's overall strategy and goals. In a top-down approach, the strategic objectives are defined first, and then specific projects and actions are identified to support those objectives. This means that the direction and priorities for the project are determined from the top levels of the organization and cascade down to the lower levels. This approach ensures alignment with the organization's strategic vision and allows for effective resource allocation and coordination across different projects and departments.

Clients play the role of funding the project in the development of a new system. They provide the necessary financial resources to support the project and ensure its successful completion.

During a fact-finding interview, it is important to probe and ask detailed questions in order to gather sufficient information. This helps in obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter and ensures that all relevant details are captured. By probing, the interviewer can delve deeper into the topic, clarify any uncertainties, and uncover any hidden information that may be crucial for the project. This guideline emphasizes the importance of thorough investigation during the interview process to gather accurate and comprehensive data.

Usability requirements describe operational characteristics related to users. These requirements focus on how easy and intuitive a system is to use, ensuring that it meets the needs and expectations of its intended users. Usability requirements may include factors such as user interface design, accessibility, ease of navigation, and overall user experience. By considering usability requirements, developers can create systems that are user-friendly and enhance user satisfaction and productivity.

Project Communication Management is the correct answer because one of its key principles is to identify and engage all stakeholders involved in a project. This principle ensures that all individuals or groups who have an interest or influence in the project are identified and their needs, expectations, and concerns are addressed. By effectively managing communication with stakeholders, project managers can gather important information, gain support, and maintain positive relationships throughout the project lifecycle.

Business benefits are normally described in terms of the influences that can change the financial statements, either by decreasing costs or increasing revenues. This means that business benefits are typically measured and evaluated based on their impact on the company's financial performance. They can include cost savings, increased sales, improved profitability, and other financial gains that result from implementing a particular project or initiative.

Questionnaires can be useful in information gathering when users are widely distributed geographically because it allows for collecting data from a large and diverse population. This method eliminates the need for face-to-face interviews, making it more convenient and efficient to gather information from individuals located in different locations. Additionally, questionnaires can be easily distributed and completed at the respondent's convenience, making it a practical option for geographically dispersed users.

A tangible benefit refers to a measurable or estimable gain in terms of dollars that an organization receives. Unlike intangible benefits, which are difficult to quantify, tangible benefits can be measured and evaluated in monetary terms. This means that tangible benefits can be easily understood and assessed in financial terms, making them valuable for organizations to track and analyze their financial performance. Examples of tangible benefits include cost savings, increased revenue, or improved efficiency, all of which can be measured and quantified in dollars.

Return on investment (ROI) is a financial metric used to evaluate the profitability of an investment. It measures the percentage return generated from an investment relative to its cost. The objective of ROI is to ensure that the costs and benefits of an investment are balanced and equal over a specific time period. By calculating ROI, businesses can determine the efficiency and profitability of their investments and make informed decisions about allocating resources.

Security requirements may apply to areas such as network communications and storage to ensure that sensitive information is protected from unauthorized access, data breaches, and cyber threats. These requirements may include implementing encryption protocols, access controls, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems to safeguard the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. Additionally, security requirements may also involve regular security audits, vulnerability assessments, and incident response plans to mitigate risks and ensure a secure environment for the organization's systems and data.

A system scope document combines three components: the problem description, the business benefits, and the system capabilities. This document provides a comprehensive overview of what the system is intended to achieve, including the specific problem it aims to address, the benefits it will bring to the business, and the capabilities it will possess to solve the problem effectively. It serves as a roadmap for the development and implementation of the system, ensuring that all stakeholders have a clear understanding of its purpose and functionality.

A project charter is a document that outlines the purpose of a new system, including its potential start and completion dates, as well as the key stakeholders and sponsors involved. It serves as a formal authorization for the project and provides a clear understanding of its objectives, scope, and deliverables. The project charter helps to establish a common understanding among all parties involved and sets the direction for the project's planning and execution.

Cultural feasibility analysis should be conducted to determine if someone has a phobia of computers that may cause problems in the deployment of a new information system. This analysis assesses the compatibility of the organization's culture with the proposed system, including factors such as employee attitudes, beliefs, and skills. By identifying individuals with computer phobia, appropriate measures can be taken to address their concerns and ensure a smooth implementation of the system.

Functional requirements are based on the procedures and rules that the organization uses to run its business. These requirements define what the system should do in terms of its functionality and capabilities. They outline the specific features, tasks, and operations that the system needs to perform in order to support the organization's business processes. Functional requirements are essential for ensuring that the system meets the needs and expectations of the organization and its users. They serve as a guide for the design, development, and implementation of the system, ensuring that it aligns with the organization's business goals and objectives.

During the analysis phase, a discovery prototype is used. This type of prototype is created to explore and understand the problem at hand, gather requirements, and identify potential solutions. It is used to uncover insights, validate ideas, and generate new ideas. The focus of a discovery prototype is on research, exploration, and learning rather than on functionality or interface design. It helps stakeholders and designers gain a deeper understanding of the problem space before moving on to more detailed prototypes.

Reliability requirements are sometimes considered a subset of performance requirements because they both involve ensuring that a system or product performs consistently and accurately. Reliability specifically focuses on the ability of a system to function without failure over a certain period of time, while performance requirements encompass a broader range of factors such as speed, efficiency, and responsiveness. Since reliability is a key aspect of performance, it can be seen as a subset within the larger category of performance requirements.

During the analysis phase of the SDLC, documentation is developed to capture and analyze the requirements of the system. This documentation includes various artifacts such as business requirements, functional requirements, and system specifications. By reviewing this documentation first during a structured walkthrough, the team can ensure that the requirements are accurately captured and understood before proceeding to the next phases of the SDLC, such as design and implementation.

Joint application design (JAD) is a collaborative approach that involves stakeholders, users, and developers in the design process. It aims to expedite the investigation of system requirements by bringing together all relevant parties to gather, analyze, and document the requirements. JAD sessions help in identifying and resolving any potential issues or conflicts early on, ensuring that the final system design meets the needs and expectations of all stakeholders. By involving key individuals from different areas, JAD helps to streamline the requirement gathering process and accelerate the overall design of the system.

A group support system (GSS) is a computer system that facilitates group discussion sessions. This means that it helps in organizing and conducting discussions among a group of individuals, providing them with a platform to share ideas, collaborate, and make decisions collectively. GSS typically includes features such as chat rooms, discussion boards, document sharing, and real-time collaboration tools to enhance communication and productivity within a group setting.

Interviewing stakeholders is normally the most time-consuming and resource-expensive operation compared to the other options listed. This is because interviewing stakeholders involves engaging with multiple individuals to gather their perspectives, insights, and requirements. It requires scheduling and conducting meetings, preparing interview questions, and analyzing the collected information. Additionally, stakeholders may have different schedules and availability, which can further prolong the process. In contrast, building prototypes, observing business processes, and reviewing existing reports can often be completed more efficiently and with fewer resources.

Technical requirements describe operational characteristics related to the environment. These requirements focus on the technical aspects of a system, such as hardware, software, and network infrastructure. They define the technical specifications and capabilities that the system must have in order to function effectively and efficiently in its intended environment. Technical requirements ensure that the system is compatible with the existing technology infrastructure and can perform its intended functions reliably and consistently.

During the planning phase of the system development life cycle (SDLC), a context diagram helps to define the scope of the problem. A context diagram is a visual representation that shows the system under consideration as a single process, with inputs and outputs represented by external entities. It helps to identify the boundaries of the system and the interactions between the system and its external entities, allowing for a clear understanding of the problem and its scope.