Special Pops Final Practice

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Bmason08

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Quizzes Created: 2 | Total Attempts: 1,242

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The leading cause of death in frail geriatric patients is bacterial:
- Cholecystitis
- Pneumonia
- Brain
- Bladder Infection

About This Quiz

The 'Special Pops Final Practice' quiz assesses knowledge on women's health issues like menarche, ovarian cysts, and PID. It focuses on identifying and managing life-threatening conditions, estimating blood loss, and the relevance of IV access in gynecological emergencies.

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2.

You are dispatched to the home of a 42-year-old male who complains of diarrhea for the past 3 days. He has been unable to eat for the past 24 hours and would like to go to the emergency department. He is visually impaired by complete blindness and has a leader/work dog to assist him.The patient informs you that he needs to have his dog with him. You should:
- Allow the dog to accompany the patient in the ambulance and to the hospital
- Tell him pets are not allowed in the ambulance and arrange for a neighbor to take the dog
- Inform him that the dog may ride in the ambulance but must be tied up outside the hospital
- Take the dog if the animal can be safely transported in a kennel and with a muzzle
Correct Answer

A. Allow the dog to accompany the patient in the ambulance and to the hospital

Explanation

The correct answer is to allow the dog to accompany the patient in the ambulance and to the hospital. This is because the patient is visually impaired and relies on the dog for assistance. Service animals, such as leader/work dogs, are typically allowed to accompany their owners in public places, including ambulances and hospitals, to ensure the safety and well-being of the individual.

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3.

After delivery of the infant, the mother continues to bleed briskly, losing approximately 1 L of blood. You should:
- Do nothing; this is normal after delivery
- Pack the vagina with sterile dressings and transport quickly
- Administer 1 to 2 g of magnesium sulfate
- Encourage the mother to breast-feed the infant and massage the uterus
Correct Answer

A. Encourage the mother to breast-feed the infant and massage the uterus

Explanation

After delivery, it is normal for the mother to experience some bleeding as the uterus contracts to expel the placenta and return to its pre-pregnancy size. Encouraging the mother to breast-feed the infant and massage the uterus can help stimulate the release of oxytocin, which further contracts the uterus and helps control bleeding. This can be an effective and non-invasive way to manage postpartum bleeding.

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4.

Talking with a geriatric patient can be enhanced by:
- Speaking very loudly and rapidly
- Standing above and behind the patient to enhance hearing
- Speaking slowly, distinctly, and respectfully
- Lowering the lights
Correct Answer

A. Speaking slowly, distinctly, and respectfully

Explanation

Speaking slowly, distinctly, and respectfully can enhance communication with a geriatric patient. This is because many elderly individuals may have hearing impairments or cognitive decline, making it difficult for them to process information quickly. By speaking slowly and clearly, the patient can better understand and follow the conversation. Additionally, speaking respectfully shows empathy and helps to establish a positive rapport with the patient, promoting effective communication. Standing above and behind the patient may be intimidating and hinder communication, while lowering the lights may further impair their ability to see and understand the conversation.

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5.

Aging affects the older adult's perception of pain by:
- Increasing the amount of pain perceived
- Causing the adult to become very emotional when in pain
- Causing no change in the perception of pain
- Changing the pain response so that it is diminished or absent
Correct Answer

A. Changing the pain response so that it is diminished or absent

Explanation

As individuals age, their perception of pain may change. This can result in a diminished or absent pain response. This could be due to a variety of factors such as a decline in nerve function or changes in the brain's processing of pain signals. It is important to note that while aging can affect the perception of pain, it does not necessarily mean that older adults experience less pain overall.

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6.

A 90-year-old female complains of abdominal pain after a 14-day course of NSAIDs for her arthritic knees. Her vital signs are BP 80/60, P 130, RR 26. This patient is most likely experiencing:
- Exacerbation of her arthritis
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- An acute myocardial infarction
- Pulmonary embolus
Correct Answer

A. Gastrointestinal bleeding

Explanation

The patient's symptoms of abdominal pain, along with low blood pressure, tachycardia, and rapid respiratory rate, are consistent with gastrointestinal bleeding. NSAIDs are known to cause gastrointestinal side effects, including bleeding. The patient's age and prolonged use of NSAIDs further increase the likelihood of gastrointestinal bleeding. The other options, such as exacerbation of arthritis, acute myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism, are less likely given the patient's symptoms and history.

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7.

In patients over the age of 80, 50% of injury-related deaths occur as a result of:
- Motor vehicle crashes
- Burns
- Pedestrian–vehicle collisions
- Falls
Correct Answer

A. Falls

Explanation

In patients over the age of 80, falls are the leading cause of injury-related deaths, accounting for 50% of such deaths. This is likely due to the increased risk of falls in older adults, as they may have reduced balance and mobility, weaker muscles, and age-related changes in vision and cognition. Falls can result in serious injuries such as fractures, head trauma, and internal bleeding, which can be life-threatening in older individuals. Therefore, it is crucial to implement preventive measures and interventions to reduce the risk of falls in this population.

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8.

A “silent” MI means:
- There are no ECG changes
- No permanent damage to the heart muscle occurs
- The patient experiences no pain
- Heart sounds are so distant they can’t be heard
Correct Answer

A. The patient experiences no pain

Explanation

A "silent" MI refers to a myocardial infarction (heart attack) that occurs without any symptoms or pain. It means that the patient does not experience the typical chest pain or discomfort that is commonly associated with a heart attack. This can be dangerous as it may delay diagnosis and treatment, leading to potential complications. It is important for individuals at risk of heart disease to be aware of other signs and symptoms, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea, or lightheadedness, that may indicate a silent MI.

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9.

You are dispatched to the home of a 34-year-old patient who has a neurological disease that requires advanced airway support. A tracheostomy is in place, and the patient uses a home ventilator 24 hours a day. A family member states the patient is unusually agitated and restless. The patient is alert but very anxious when you arrive.This patient's presentation is consistent with what common finding among home-ventilator patients?
- Hypoxia
- Air embolism
- Acute myocardial infarction
- Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
Correct Answer

A. Hypoxia

Explanation

The patient's restlessness and anxiety could be indicative of hypoxia, which is a common finding among home-ventilator patients. Hypoxia occurs when there is a lack of oxygen reaching the body's tissues, and it can cause symptoms such as restlessness, anxiety, confusion, and agitation. Given that the patient has a neurological disease and requires advanced airway support, it is likely that their condition is affecting their ability to adequately oxygenate their body. Therefore, hypoxia is a plausible explanation for their presentation.

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10.

When inserting a urinary catheter in a female patient, you should position the patient:
- In the knee-chest position
- Supine, with the knees bent, hips flexed, and feet resting about 24 inches apart
- Supine, with the legs extended straight out and the feet approximately 36 inches apart
- In the left lateral recumbent position, with the top knee flexed and the bottom leg straight
Correct Answer

A. Supine, with the knees bent, hips flexed, and feet resting about 24 inches apart
11.

You can estimate the amount of vaginal blood lost by asking the patient:
- “Is there more or less blood than during your normal period?”
- “How much blood have you lost?”
- “How many pads or tampons were soaked per hour?”
- “For how many hours have you been bleeding?”
Correct Answer

A. “How many pads or tampons were soaked per hour?”

Explanation

Asking the patient how many pads or tampons were soaked per hour is the most specific and quantitative way to estimate the amount of vaginal blood lost. This question allows for a more accurate assessment of the severity of the bleeding compared to the other questions. The response to this question can provide a clearer understanding of the volume of blood loss and help determine the appropriate course of action or intervention needed.

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12.

The term for a first-time pregnant patient is:
- Primigravida
- Nullipara
- Gravidapara
- Unogravida
Correct Answer

A. Primigravida

Explanation

Primigravida refers to a woman who is pregnant for the first time. This term is derived from the Latin words "primi," meaning first, and "gravida," meaning pregnant. It is commonly used in medical settings to describe a woman who has never been pregnant before. Nullipara, on the other hand, refers to a woman who has never given birth, regardless of whether she has been pregnant or not. Gravidapara and Unogravida are not valid terms used to describe a first-time pregnant patient.

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13.

Bedridden or immobile geriatric patients develop red, painful areas on the integumentary system due to tissue hypoxia and pressure known as:
- Decubitus ulcers
- Integumentary disease
- Cellulitis
- Thrombophlebitis
Correct Answer

A. Decubitus ulcers

Explanation

Bedridden or immobile geriatric patients are at risk of developing decubitus ulcers, also known as pressure ulcers or bedsores. These ulcers occur due to prolonged pressure on the skin, leading to tissue hypoxia and damage. The lack of movement and pressure cause a decrease in blood flow to the affected areas, resulting in redness, pain, and eventually, the formation of ulcers. Decubitus ulcers are a common problem in patients who are unable to change their positions regularly, and proper care and prevention strategies are essential to avoid their development.

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14.

The cause of Alzheimer’s disease is:
- Chronic alcoholism
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Neurotransmitter deficiency
- Unknown
Correct Answer

A. Unknown

Explanation

The correct answer is "Unknown." This means that the cause of Alzheimer's disease is currently not fully understood or known. Despite extensive research, scientists have not been able to pinpoint a specific cause for the disease. While there are some risk factors associated with Alzheimer's, such as age and genetics, the exact mechanisms that lead to the development of the disease remain unclear. Ongoing research aims to uncover the underlying causes and potential treatments for Alzheimer's.

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15.

The goal of treatment in the field for a woman with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding is to:
- Identify life-threatening conditions and transport rapidly
- Determine the cause of the bleeding
- Rule out ectopic pregnancy
- Aggressively manage the cause of the bleeding
Correct Answer

A. Identify life-threatening conditions and transport rapidly

Explanation

The goal of treatment in the field for a woman with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding is to identify life-threatening conditions and transport rapidly. This is because abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding can be symptoms of serious conditions such as ectopic pregnancy or internal bleeding. Identifying these life-threatening conditions and providing prompt transport is crucial in order to ensure the woman receives appropriate medical care as quickly as possible. Determining the cause of the bleeding and aggressively managing it can be important, but the top priority is to ensure the woman's safety and well-being by addressing any potential life-threatening conditions.

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16.

Kyphosis is:
- A disease process of the peripheral nervous system
- An abnormal curvature of the spine, causing a humpback posture
- Calcification of muscles and ligaments
- A fracture of the thoracic spine
Correct Answer

A. An abnormal curvature of the spine, causing a humpback posture

Explanation

Kyphosis is characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine, leading to a humpback posture. This condition can cause the upper back to appear rounded and the shoulders to slump forward. It can be caused by various factors, such as poor posture, degenerative diseases, osteoporosis, or structural abnormalities. The abnormal curvature can result in discomfort, pain, and limited mobility. Treatment options may include physical therapy, bracing, pain management, and in severe cases, surgery.

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17.

The primary reason for delays in reaction time and motor response in the elderly is the result of:
- Overuse of peripheral vasculature over time
- Overstimulation of the central nervous system
- An increase in the velocity of nerve conduction in the peripheral nervous system
- A decrease in the velocity of nerve conduction in the peripheral nervous system
Correct Answer

A. A decrease in the velocity of nerve conduction in the peripheral nervous system

Explanation

As people age, there is a natural decline in the velocity of nerve conduction in the peripheral nervous system. This means that the speed at which nerve signals travel from the brain to the muscles and vice versa slows down. This decrease in velocity can result in delays in reaction time and motor response in the elderly. It takes longer for the signals to reach the muscles, leading to slower movements and reactions. This is a normal part of the aging process and can contribute to the overall decline in physical abilities that is often seen in older individuals.

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18.

The most common dysrhythmia experienced by older adults is:
- Atrial fibrillation
- Ventricular tachycardia
- Third-degree heart block
- Sinus tachycardia
Correct Answer

A. Atrial fibrillation

Explanation

Atrial fibrillation is the most common dysrhythmia experienced by older adults. This condition occurs when the electrical signals in the atria of the heart become chaotic, causing the atria to quiver instead of contracting properly. This can lead to an irregular and often rapid heart rate. Older adults are more prone to developing atrial fibrillation due to age-related changes in the heart's electrical system and the increased prevalence of underlying heart conditions. Atrial fibrillation can increase the risk of stroke, heart failure, and other complications, making it important for older adults to receive appropriate management and treatment.

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19.

You are called to a grocery store for a 68-year-old female who suffered a ground-level fall. On arrival, you note that the patient is still lying on the ground and is bleeding from a small cut on her chin. She informs you that she slipped on a water puddle and fell over forward, striking her chin on a display shelf. She is complaining of cervical neck pain. Her medical history includes arthritis, which she states has been "a product of the aging process."While assessing this patient, you observe that her neck is rigid and crooked forward. She informs you that this is a chronic condition and that she is unable to lie flat. In caring for this patient, you should:
- Place the patient on a Reeves or other soft stretcher
- Transport her on her side on the stretcher because she can not comfortably lie on a backboard
- Pad the backboard so that it fits her anatomical presentation
- Attempt to straighten the patient so that she assumes a "normal" anatomical position
Correct Answer

A. Pad the backboard so that it fits her anatomical presentation

Explanation

The correct answer is to pad the backboard so that it fits her anatomical presentation. This is because the patient has a chronic condition that causes her neck to be rigid and crooked forward, making it difficult for her to lie flat. By padding the backboard, it can be adjusted to accommodate her neck position and provide support and stability during transport. This will help prevent further injury and discomfort for the patient.

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20.

The single largest payer of home health care services in the United States is:
- Medicare
- Veterans Administration
- Private insurance
- Health maintenance organizations
Correct Answer

A. Medicare

Explanation

Medicare is the correct answer because it is a federal health insurance program in the United States that primarily covers individuals who are 65 years or older, as well as certain younger individuals with disabilities. Medicare is the largest payer of home health care services in the country, providing coverage for medically necessary services such as skilled nursing care, physical therapy, and home health aide services. The program plays a crucial role in ensuring access to home health care for eligible individuals.

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21.

Challenges that arise when assessing older patients include:
- Assessing chronic illness after ruling out acute illness
- Being aware that imagined illnesses can be caused by fear of disease
- Separating the signs and symptoms of chronic illness from the signs and symptoms of an acute problem
- Understanding that social issues have less effect on the elderly
Correct Answer

A. Separating the signs and symptoms of chronic illness from the signs and symptoms of an acute problem

Explanation

As people age, they are more likely to develop chronic illnesses, which can present with similar signs and symptoms as acute problems. This can make it challenging for healthcare professionals to differentiate between the two and accurately assess older patients. It is important to rule out any acute illness before attributing symptoms to chronic conditions. Additionally, older patients may have a fear of disease, leading them to imagine illnesses. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of this and consider psychological factors when assessing older patients. Understanding the distinction between signs and symptoms of chronic illness and acute problems is crucial for providing appropriate care.

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22.

Which of the following would you expect in a patient with paraplegia?
- Loss of urinary control
- Diaphragmatic breathing
- Ventilator dependence
- Weakness in the upper extremities
Correct Answer

A. Loss of urinary control

Explanation

Loss of urinary control is expected in a patient with paraplegia because paraplegia is a condition characterized by paralysis of the lower half of the body, including the legs. This paralysis can affect the nerves that control the bladder, leading to a loss of control over urinary function.

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23.

Alterations in the central nervous system that contribute to mental dysfunction in older adults include:
- A decrease in the total number of neurons
- An increase in brain weight
- Senile dysfunction syndromes
- Brain swelling
Correct Answer

A. A decrease in the total number of neurons

Explanation

As individuals age, there is a natural decrease in the total number of neurons in the central nervous system. This decline in neuron count can contribute to mental dysfunction in older adults. Neurons are responsible for transmitting signals and information throughout the brain, so a decrease in their number can lead to impaired cognitive function, memory loss, and other mental health issues. This alteration in the central nervous system is a normal part of the aging process and can have significant impacts on an individual's overall mental well-being.

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24.

Physiological factors that contribute to a geriatric patient’s developing hypothermia include:
- Excess total body water and edema
- Increased tachycardia in response to cold stress
- Decreased ability to sense changes in ambient temperatures
- Renal disease
Correct Answer

A. Decreased ability to sense changes in ambient temperatures

Explanation

As geriatric patients age, their ability to sense changes in ambient temperatures decreases. This can lead to a decreased awareness of cold temperatures, making them more susceptible to hypothermia. Excess total body water and edema, increased tachycardia in response to cold stress, and renal disease are all physiological factors that can contribute to a geriatric patient's health, but they do not directly affect their ability to sense changes in ambient temperatures.

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25.

A fetal heart rate of 80 indicates:
- Fetal pain
- Hypoxia
- Maternal dehydration
- A normal finding
Correct Answer

A. Hypoxia

Explanation

A fetal heart rate of 80 indicates hypoxia. Hypoxia refers to a condition where there is a lack of oxygen supply to the tissues and organs. A normal fetal heart rate is typically between 110 and 160 beats per minute, so a heart rate of 80 is significantly lower than expected. This suggests that the fetus may not be receiving enough oxygen, which can be a sign of hypoxia. It is important to investigate and address the underlying cause of hypoxia to ensure the well-being of the fetus.

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26.

The incidence of Down syndrome increases dramatically with:
- Multiple births
- Premature birth
- Gestational diabetes
- Maternal age
Correct Answer

A. Maternal age

Explanation

The correct answer is maternal age. Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, and the likelihood of this occurring increases as a woman gets older. As a woman's eggs age, there is a higher chance of errors during the cell division process, leading to the development of Down syndrome in the fetus. While multiple births, premature birth, and gestational diabetes may have their own associated risks, they are not directly linked to an increased incidence of Down syndrome.

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27.

You are preparing to transport a clinically obese patient to the emergency department for severe substernal chest pain. The patient weighs more than 500 pounds and is on the third floor of an apartment complex with no elevator. Currently, there are only you and your partner in the apartment. The patient states that he can walk and doesn’t want you to call for extra lift assistance. You should:
- Preserve the patient's pride and do the best you can between the two of you
- Request as much additional help as is necessary to move the patient
- Have the patient walk down the stairs, taking frequent breaks
- Call the patient’s primary care physician and request that she make a house call
Correct Answer

A. Request as much additional help as is necessary to move the patient

Explanation

Given the patient's weight and the lack of an elevator, it would be unsafe and potentially harmful for just two people to attempt to move the patient on their own. Requesting additional help is necessary to ensure the safety and well-being of both the patient and the EMS providers. It is important to prioritize the patient's physical needs over preserving their pride in this situation.

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28.

Schizophrenia is caused by:
- A biological disorder
- Anxiety
- Substance Abuse
- Childhood Abuse
Correct Answer

A. A biological disorder

Explanation

Schizophrenia is caused by a biological disorder. This mental illness is believed to be primarily influenced by genetics and abnormalities in brain structure and function. Research has shown that individuals with schizophrenia have differences in brain chemistry, particularly in the levels of certain neurotransmitters. Additionally, there is evidence of abnormal brain development and connectivity in those affected by schizophrenia. While factors such as anxiety, substance abuse, and childhood abuse may contribute to the development or exacerbation of symptoms, they are not considered the primary cause of schizophrenia.

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29.

You are dispatched to the home of a 34-year-old patient who has a neurological disease that requires advanced airway support. A tracheostomy is in place, and the patient uses a home ventilator 24 hours a day. A family member states the patient is unusually agitated and restless. The patient is alert but very anxious when you arriveIncreasing the flow rate on a ventilator will usually result in: .
- Longer inspiratory time
- Higher respiratory pressure
- Decreased resistance
- Decreased oxygen saturation
Correct Answer

A. Higher respiratory pressure

Explanation

Increasing the flow rate on a ventilator will usually result in higher respiratory pressure. This is because increasing the flow rate allows for a greater volume of air to be delivered to the patient's lungs, which in turn increases the pressure within the respiratory system. This increased pressure helps to overcome any resistance in the airways and ensures that an adequate amount of oxygen is delivered to the patient's lungs. In this case, the patient's agitation and restlessness may be a result of inadequate oxygenation, and increasing the flow rate would help to alleviate this issue by increasing the respiratory pressure.

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30.

In evaluating the living conditions and immediate surroundings of a geriatric patient, it is critical for the paramedic to:
- Provide information to the receiving physician concerning the patient’s ability for self-care after release
- Determine whether the geriatric patient can refuse transport and treatment
- Assess the nutritional status of the patient
- Determine the social support available to the patient
Correct Answer

A. Provide information to the receiving physician concerning the patient’s ability for self-care after release

Explanation

In evaluating the living conditions and immediate surroundings of a geriatric patient, it is critical for the paramedic to provide information to the receiving physician concerning the patient's ability for self-care after release. This is important because it allows the physician to make informed decisions about the patient's discharge plan and determine if they will be able to take care of themselves once they are released from medical care. This information is necessary to ensure the patient's safety and well-being after leaving the hospital or healthcare facility. Assessing the patient's ability for self-care helps to prevent any potential risks or complications that may arise due to their living conditions or lack of support.

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31.

Palliative care is a unique form of care provided for terminally ill patients. The primary goal of palliative care is to:
- Assist the patient in finding a means of ending life (euthanasia)
- Provide pain relief, family assurance and comfort as death approaches
- Financially assist the patient with issues such as wills, trusts, and life insurance policies
- Help the patient find resources for alternative types of medicine in an attempt to cure or halt the disease
Correct Answer

A. Provide pain relief, family assurance and comfort as death approaches

Explanation

The correct answer is to provide pain relief, family assurance, and comfort as death approaches. Palliative care focuses on improving the quality of life for terminally ill patients by managing their pain and symptoms, providing emotional and psychological support to both the patient and their family, and ensuring their comfort as they near the end of life. This type of care aims to enhance the patient's overall well-being and promote a sense of dignity and peace during their final days.

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32.

Immediately after birth, which of these things happens for the first time?
- The heart begins to beat
- The alveoli open
- Blood is circulated
- Maternal blood bypasses the fetal lungs
Correct Answer

A. The alveoli open

Explanation

Immediately after birth, the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs in the lungs, open for the first time. This allows the baby to take its first breath and start exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. The opening of the alveoli is a crucial step in the transition from receiving oxygen through the umbilical cord to breathing on its own. The other options, such as the heart beating, blood circulation, and maternal blood bypassing the fetal lungs, are all processes that occur during fetal development in the womb and continue after birth.

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33.

Changes in the cardiovascular system are normally associated with:
- Myocardial infarction
- Increased contractility in the heart
- Ischemic physiological changes
- Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease
Correct Answer

A. Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease

Explanation

Changes in the cardiovascular system are normally associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, narrowing the blood vessels and reducing blood flow to the heart. This can lead to various changes in the cardiovascular system, including reduced oxygen supply to the heart muscle, increased workload on the heart, and potential complications such as angina, heart attack, or heart failure. Therefore, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is a common cause of cardiovascular changes.

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34.

In what way, if any, is the initial assessment of home health care patients different from the initial assessment of acute care (out-of-home) patients?
- The initial assessment is no different in the home health care setting
- In the home setting, the initial assessment of airway, breathing, and circulation is performed in reverse order because the majority of these patients (60%) have primary circulatory compromise
- In the home setting, the initial assessment focuses on patient history, whereas in the field setting, the initial assessment focuses on airway, breathing, and circulation
- In the home setting, the initial assessment is performed only after the paramedic has been educated (by either the patient or a home health provider) about the home health equipment (ventilators, catheters, airway adjuncts, etc.) involved in the patient's long-term care
Correct Answer

A. The initial assessment is no different in the home health care setting

Explanation

The correct answer states that the initial assessment is no different in the home health care setting. This means that the process of assessing the patients in both home health care and acute care settings is the same. The other options provide different ways in which the initial assessment may differ between the two settings, but the correct answer states that there is no difference.

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35.

The lowest blood pressure that can be defined as hypertension is:
- 130/80 mm Hg
- 150/100 mm Hg
- 180/100 mm Hg
- 140/90 mm Hg
Correct Answer

A. 140/90 mm Hg

Explanation

A blood pressure reading of 140/90 mm Hg is considered hypertension because it falls above the normal range. Hypertension is defined as consistently having a systolic blood pressure (the top number) of 140 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) of 90 mm Hg or higher. This reading indicates that the person's blood vessels are experiencing increased pressure, which can put strain on the heart and lead to various health complications if left untreated.

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36.

You are called to the home of a 14-year-old male who is being treated on an outpatient basis for leukemia. He has a peripherally inserted central catheter for vascular access. While roughhousing with his older brother, the patient's vascular access device was damaged and he is bleeding.To control the bleeding you should:
- Apply gentle, direct pressure at the bleeding site
- Apply indirect pressure at the closest arterial pressure point
- Remove the catheter and apply direct pressure over the site
- Place the patient in a supine position and transport rapidly without touching the site of bleeding
Correct Answer

A. Apply gentle, direct pressure at the bleeding site

Explanation

The correct answer is to apply gentle, direct pressure at the bleeding site. This is the appropriate action to control bleeding in this situation. Applying direct pressure helps to stop the bleeding by promoting clotting and reducing blood flow. It is important to apply gentle pressure to avoid causing further damage or pain to the patient.

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37.

The most common type of diabetes in elderly patients who are overweight is:
- Type 1 insulin-dependent
- Type 2 non-insulin-dependent
- Non-type 1/non-type 2
- Both type I and type II diabetes
Correct Answer

A. Type 2 non-insulin-dependent

Explanation

The most common type of diabetes in elderly patients who are overweight is Type 2 non-insulin-dependent. This is because Type 2 diabetes is often associated with obesity and insulin resistance, which are more prevalent in elderly individuals. Type 1 diabetes, on the other hand, is typically diagnosed in younger individuals and is not directly linked to weight or age. Non-type 1/non-type 2 and both type I and type II diabetes are not accurate choices as they do not specifically address the type of diabetes that is most common in elderly overweight patients.

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38.

Physiological changes in aging that concern the respiratory system include:
- Increased elasticity of the lungs that results in decreased breathing capacity
- Decreased lung compliance and surface area that result in decreased maximum oxygen uptake
- Overproduction of cilia, leading to increased risk for infection by viruses
- Increased vital capacity, decreased breathing capacity, and lower oxygen uptake
Correct Answer

A. Decreased lung compliance and surface area that result in decreased maximum oxygen uptake

Explanation

As individuals age, the respiratory system undergoes various physiological changes. One of these changes is a decrease in lung compliance and surface area. Lung compliance refers to the ability of the lungs to expand and contract, while surface area refers to the total area available for gas exchange. With decreased lung compliance and surface area, the maximum oxygen uptake is also reduced. This means that the aging individual may have a decreased ability to take in and utilize oxygen efficiently, leading to decreased overall respiratory function.

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39.

You are dispatched to the home of a 42-year-old male who complains of diarrhea for the past 3 days. He has been unable to eat for the past 24 hours and would like to go to the emergency department. He is visually impaired by complete blindness and has a leader/work dog to assist him.He states that he can walk and would prefer walking to being carried on a stretcher. You should:
- Get behind the patient and gently push him toward the stretcher
- Insist on carrying him to the stretcher so he doesn’t injure himself
- Allow the patient to take your arm and lead him to the stretcher
- Take the patient by the hand and gently pull him behind you to the stretcher
Correct Answer

A. Allow the patient to take your arm and lead him to the stretcher

Explanation

The correct answer is to allow the patient to take your arm and lead him to the stretcher. This is the most appropriate option because the patient is visually impaired and relies on a leader/work dog for assistance. By allowing the patient to take your arm, you are providing support and ensuring that he can safely navigate to the stretcher. This option respects the patient's autonomy and allows him to maintain some control over his own movement.

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40.

You are called to a grocery store for a 68-year-old female who suffered a ground-level fall. On arrival, you note that the patient is still lying on the ground and is bleeding from a small cut on her chin. She informs you that she slipped on a water puddle and fell over forward, striking her chin on a display shelf. She is complaining of cervical neck pain. Her medical history includes arthritis, which she states has been "a product of the aging process."This patient most likely suffers from which type of arthritis?
- Inflammatory arthritis
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Restrictive arthritis
Correct Answer

A. Osteoarthritis

Explanation

Based on the information provided, the patient most likely suffers from osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that commonly occurs in older individuals and is often associated with the aging process. The patient's complaint of cervical neck pain is consistent with osteoarthritis, as this condition commonly affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine. Inflammatory arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis typically present with different symptoms, such as joint swelling and stiffness, which are not mentioned in the scenario. There is no such condition as "restrictive arthritis."

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41.

At what age does menarche usually occur?
- 10 years
- 13 years
- 47 years
- 50 years
Correct Answer

A. 13 years

Explanation

Menarche is the term used to describe a girl's first menstrual period. It typically occurs around the age of 13 years. This is considered the average age for menarche, although it can vary between individuals. It is a significant milestone in a girl's development, indicating the onset of puberty and the ability to conceive a child. The timing of menarche can be influenced by various factors such as genetics, nutrition, and overall health.

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42.

Many patients with pain caused by gynecological complaints prefer to be transported:
- Sitting on the bench seat
- In a left-lateral recumbent position
- Lying prone
- Lying supine with legs extended
Correct Answer

A. In a left-lateral recumbent position

Explanation

Patients with gynecological complaints often prefer to be transported in a left-lateral recumbent position. This position involves lying on the left side of the body with the legs slightly bent. It is commonly chosen because it allows for better comfort and support for the patient, especially if they are experiencing pain. This position also helps to alleviate pressure on the abdomen and pelvic area, which can be beneficial for patients with gynecological issues.

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43.

If the amniotic sac has not ruptured before the delivery of the infant's head you should:
- Continue with the delivery; the sac does not present a problem.
- Have the mother pant and stop pushing; this is a true emergency
- Puncture the sac and remove it from around the infant's head
- Immediately cross clamp the cord and deliver the infant
Correct Answer

A. Puncture the sac and remove it from around the infant's head

Explanation

If the amniotic sac has not ruptured before the delivery of the infant's head, it is important to puncture the sac and remove it from around the infant's head. This is because the intact sac can create a barrier and prevent the infant from breathing properly. By puncturing the sac, it allows the amniotic fluid to flow out and allows the infant's head to be exposed, facilitating proper breathing and delivery.

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44.

Which disease presents with an inability to break down and absorb fats and subsequent passage of pale, greasy-looking, and foul-smelling stools?
- Cerebral palsy
- Cystic fibrosis
- Down syndrome
- Multiple sclerosis
Correct Answer

A. Cystic fibrosis

Explanation

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to break down and absorb fats. This leads to the passage of pale, greasy-looking, and foul-smelling stools. Cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and multiple sclerosis are not associated with this symptom.

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45.

An 80-year-old female presents with a new onset of illusions and hallucinations. She has reduced attention span and disorganized thinking. You suspect the patient is suffering from:
- Dementia
- Cerebral aneurysm
- Stroke
- Delirium
Correct Answer

A. Delirium

Explanation

Based on the symptoms described, such as new onset of illusions and hallucinations, reduced attention span, and disorganized thinking, it is likely that the 80-year-old female is suffering from delirium. Delirium is a condition characterized by acute confusion and changes in cognition, often caused by underlying medical conditions or medications. Dementia is a chronic condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline, while cerebral aneurysm and stroke are more specific conditions that may cause neurological symptoms but do not fully explain the range of symptoms presented in this case.

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46.

One of the first symptoms of left-sided heart failure is:
- Chest pain
- Left shoulder pain
- Fatigue
- Hemoptysis
Correct Answer

A. Fatigue

Explanation

Fatigue is one of the first symptoms of left-sided heart failure because when the left side of the heart is unable to effectively pump blood to the rest of the body, it results in decreased oxygen and nutrient supply to the muscles and organs. This can lead to feelings of exhaustion and weakness, causing the individual to experience fatigue. Additionally, the reduced blood flow can also cause fluid to accumulate in the lungs, leading to shortness of breath and further contributing to the feeling of fatigue.

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47.

You are transferring a patient to convalescent care following a stroke. The patient is aphasic. You should also expect that the patient will exhibit:
- Difficulty in comprehending speech
- Changes in visual acuity
- Hearing deficits due to sensorineural impairment
- Complete deafness
Correct Answer

A. Difficulty in comprehending speech

Explanation

When a patient is aphasic, it means they have difficulty understanding and expressing language. This can result in difficulty comprehending speech. Aphasia is a common symptom following a stroke, as it affects the language centers of the brain. The other options, such as changes in visual acuity, hearing deficits, and complete deafness, are not directly related to aphasia and may not be as common or expected in this situation.

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48.

You are dispatched to the home of a 34-year-old patient who has a neurological disease that requires advanced airway support. A tracheostomy is in place, and the patient uses a home ventilator 24 hours a day. A family member states the patient is unusually agitated and restless. The patient is alert but very anxious when you arrive.Your first intervention to improve the patency of this patient's airway should be to:
- Turn off the ventilator
- Intubate the patient at once
- Suction the airway device
- Increase the settings on the ventilator
Correct Answer

A. Suction the airway device

Explanation

The correct answer is to suction the airway device. The patient's agitation and restlessness could indicate a potential airway obstruction or difficulty breathing. Suctioning the airway device will help clear any secretions or blockages that may be causing the patient's distress and improve the patency of the airway. This intervention should be done promptly to ensure the patient's safety and comfort.

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49.

A physiological change in the aging process that is associated with cerebral atrophy produces extra space within the cranial vault, allowing the veins to stretch and tear more easily, which can lead to:
- Severe hypotension
- TIAs
- Linear skull fractures
- Subdural hematomas
Correct Answer

A. Subdural hematomas

Explanation

As the aging process progresses, cerebral atrophy occurs, leading to a decrease in brain volume. This results in extra space within the cranial vault. This extra space allows the veins to stretch and tear more easily, increasing the risk of subdural hematomas. Subdural hematomas occur when blood vessels rupture and blood accumulates between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater, causing pressure on the brain. Therefore, the physiological change of cerebral atrophy in the aging process can lead to subdural hematomas.

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May 01, 2024

Quiz Edited by
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Oct 28, 2010

Quiz Created by
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Special Pops Final Practice

The leading cause of death in frail geriatric patients is bacterial:

Quiz Preview

After delivery of the infant, the mother continues to bleed briskly, losing approximately 1 L of blood. You should:

Talking with a geriatric patient can be enhanced by:

Aging affects the older adult's perception of pain by:

A 90-year-old female complains of abdominal pain after a 14-day course of NSAIDs for her arthritic knees. Her vital signs are BP 80/60, P 130, RR 26. This patient is most likely experiencing:

In patients over the age of 80, 50% of injury-related deaths occur as a result of:

A “silent” MI means:

When inserting a urinary catheter in a female patient, you should position the patient:

You can estimate the amount of vaginal blood lost by asking the patient:

The term for a first-time pregnant patient is:

Bedridden or immobile geriatric patients develop red, painful areas on the integumentary system due to tissue hypoxia and pressure known as:

The cause of Alzheimer’s disease is:

The goal of treatment in the field for a woman with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding is to:

Kyphosis is:

The primary reason for delays in reaction time and motor response in the elderly is the result of:

The most common dysrhythmia experienced by older adults is:

The single largest payer of home health care services in the United States is:

Challenges that arise when assessing older patients include:

Which of the following would you expect in a patient with paraplegia?

Alterations in the central nervous system that contribute to mental dysfunction in older adults include:

Physiological factors that contribute to a geriatric patient’s developing hypothermia include:

A fetal heart rate of 80 indicates:

The incidence of Down syndrome increases dramatically with:

Schizophrenia is caused by:

In evaluating the living conditions and immediate surroundings of a geriatric patient, it is critical for the paramedic to:

Palliative care is a unique form of care provided for terminally ill patients. The primary goal of palliative care is to:

Immediately after birth, which of these things happens for the first time?

Changes in the cardiovascular system are normally associated with:

In what way, if any, is the initial assessment of home health care patients different from the initial assessment of acute care (out-of-home) patients?

The lowest blood pressure that can be defined as hypertension is:

The most common type of diabetes in elderly patients who are overweight is:

Physiological changes in aging that concern the respiratory system include:

At what age does menarche usually occur?

Many patients with pain caused by gynecological complaints prefer to be transported:

If the amniotic sac has not ruptured before the delivery of the infant's head you should:

Which disease presents with an inability to break down and absorb fats and subsequent passage of pale, greasy-looking, and foul-smelling stools?

An 80-year-old female presents with a new onset of illusions and hallucinations. She has reduced attention span and disorganized thinking. You suspect the patient is suffering from:

One of the first symptoms of left-sided heart failure is:

You are transferring a patient to convalescent care following a stroke. The patient is aphasic. You should also expect that the patient will exhibit:

A physiological change in the aging process that is associated with cerebral atrophy produces extra space within the cranial vault, allowing the veins to stretch and tear more easily, which can lead to: