Software Engineering Exam! Trivia Quiz

In object-oriented design of software, objects have attributes, operations, and names. Attributes represent the properties or characteristics of an object, operations represent the actions or behaviors that an object can perform, and names are used to identify and reference the objects. This allows objects to have both data and behavior, making them versatile and capable of interacting with other objects in the system.

Glass-box testing is a type of testing where the internal structure, design, and implementation details of the software are known and taken into consideration during the testing process. It is called "glass-box" because it allows testers to see inside the "box" or the software being tested. This type of testing is also known as "clear-box" or "structural testing" as it focuses on testing the logic and flow of the code. It involves techniques like statement coverage, branch coverage, and path coverage to ensure thorough testing of the software.

An object is an entity that has a state and a defined set of operations, which operate on that state. Objects are the fundamental building blocks of object-oriented programming and represent real-world or abstract entities. They encapsulate data (state) and behavior (operations) within a single entity, allowing for modular and reusable code. Objects can interact with each other by sending messages and invoking methods, enabling communication and collaboration between different parts of a program.

In the design phase, the top-down approach is usually used. This means that the design process starts with the overall system and gradually breaks it down into smaller components or modules. The focus is on understanding the high-level requirements and then refining them into more detailed specifications. This approach allows for a systematic and organized design process, where each component can be designed and tested independently before integrating them into the final system. It helps in ensuring that the overall system design is cohesive and meets the desired functionality.

Reactive risk strategies refer to the approach of addressing risks and issues as they arise, rather than proactively planning and preventing them. This approach is often compared to "fire fighting mode" because it involves reacting to problems in a crisis-like manner, similar to firefighters responding to a fire. Therefore, the statement that reactive risk strategies are also called fire fighting mode is true.

The correct answer is "In the small, in the large". This means that testing should start with small-scale testing and then gradually progress to larger-scale testing. This approach allows for any issues or bugs to be identified and addressed early on in the testing process, before they potentially become bigger problems in larger-scale testing.

Software Maintenance refers to the process of making changes to a software system after it has been delivered and is in use. This includes fixing bugs, adding new features, improving performance, and adapting the software to changing requirements. Configuration Management, on the other hand, is the process of managing and controlling changes to a software system throughout its lifecycle. Software Re-engineering involves restructuring and redesigning the existing software to improve its quality, while Software Refactoring focuses on improving the internal structure of the software without changing its external behavior.

A data dictionary is a list of names used by systems, arranged alphabetically. It serves as a centralized repository of information about the data elements, their definitions, and their relationships. It provides a comprehensive view of the data used in an organization, making it easier for users to understand and access the data. Unlike the other options, such as software list, hardware list, and data directory, a data dictionary specifically focuses on data and its organization within the system.

The correct answer is IEEE. IEEE, which stands for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, is a professional organization that provides standards and guidelines for various fields, including software engineering. They have defined software engineering as the systematic approach to the development, operation, maintenance, and retirement of software.

Coupling represents the link between elements of OO design. In object-oriented programming, coupling refers to how closely classes or modules are connected to each other. Low coupling indicates that the classes or modules are loosely connected and can be easily modified or replaced without affecting the others. On the other hand, high coupling means that the classes or modules are tightly connected and any change in one may have a significant impact on the others. Therefore, coupling is an important factor to consider when designing object-oriented systems to ensure flexibility, maintainability, and reusability.

Architectural design involves identifying and documenting the sub-systems that make up a system, as well as their relationships. This process helps to define the overall structure and organization of the system, ensuring that all components work together effectively. By understanding the architecture, developers can better understand how different parts of the system interact and collaborate, leading to a more efficient and well-designed system.

Data design refers to the process of designing the structure and organization of data in a software application. It involves determining how data will be stored, accessed, and manipulated within the application. Therefore, when discussing the choice of a suitable data structure for an application, it is most likely to be discussed in the context of data design. This includes selecting appropriate data structures such as arrays, linked lists, trees, or graphs, depending on the specific requirements and characteristics of the application.

The second stage of requirement engineering involves both requirement elicitation and user requirement analysis. Requirement elicitation refers to the process of gathering and documenting the requirements from stakeholders, while user requirement analysis involves analyzing and understanding the needs and expectations of the end users. Both these activities are crucial in order to accurately capture and define the requirements for a software system.

The correct answer is MTTF+MTTR. MTBF stands for Mean Time Between Failures, which is the average time between two consecutive failures of a system. MTTF (Mean Time To Failure) represents the average time until a component fails, while MTTR (Mean Time To Repair) represents the average time taken to repair a failed component. Therefore, the MTBF can be calculated by adding the average time until failure (MTTF) and the average time to repair (MTTR).

The correct answer is "fourth". The question is asking about the generation techniques assumed to be used in Rapid Application Development (RAD). Since the question does not provide any specific information about the generation techniques, we can assume that the answer "fourth" is the correct option.

Robustness refers to the ability of software to handle invalid input without crashing or producing incorrect results. It ensures that the software can continue to operate correctly even when faced with unexpected or faulty input. Robustness is important for maintaining the overall reliability and stability of the software, as it prevents failures or errors caused by invalid input. Fault-tolerance, on the other hand, refers to the ability of a system to continue functioning properly in the presence of faults or failures, which is not directly related to handling invalid input. Portability refers to the ease with which software can be transferred or adapted to different environments or platforms.

The railway reservation system currently operational in India can be classified as an online system because it allows users to access and interact with the system in real-time over the internet. Users can make reservations, check seat availability, and perform other tasks instantly without any delay. The system is designed to handle multiple user requests simultaneously and provide immediate responses. It eliminates the need for manual processing and allows users to access the system from anywhere at any time, making it convenient and efficient.

PAD indicates the number of classes which can access another class's attributes. This means that a class has Public, Abstract, and Default access modifiers, allowing other classes to access its attributes. Public access modifier allows any class to access the attributes, Abstract access modifier allows only subclasses to access the attributes, and Default access modifier allows classes within the same package to access the attributes.

Over a time span of little more than 50 years, the role of computer software has experienced significant change. This suggests that there have been substantial developments and advancements in computer software during this period.