Socw410 Midterm Review Chp 7

Fine motor skills refer to the ability to control and coordinate the small muscles of the hands and fingers. This includes tasks such as picking up small objects, holding a pencil, or buttoning a shirt. Gross motor skills, on the other hand, involve the larger muscles and are related to activities such as running or jumping. Formal operations refer to a stage in cognitive development where individuals can think abstractly and logically. Proximodistal development refers to the pattern of development where control of the body starts from the center and moves outward. Therefore, the ability to pick up small objects is associated with fine motor skills.

All of the given options are symptoms of emotional abuse. Emotional abuse can cause low self-esteem as the victim is constantly belittled and made to feel worthless. It can also lead to poor school performance as the victim may have difficulty concentrating and may be too preoccupied with the abuse to focus on their studies. Additionally, emotional abuse can result in feelings of hopelessness and despair, leading to suicidal behavior. Therefore, all of the above options are valid symptoms of emotional abuse.

Attachment refers to the bond that develops between an infant and their caregiver. This bond is crucial for the infant's emotional and social development. It involves the infant seeking proximity and comfort from the caregiver, as well as the caregiver providing a secure and nurturing environment. Attachment provides a sense of security and trust for the infant, which is essential for their overall well-being.

The fun child is not a temperament style because temperament styles refer to individual differences in behavior and emotional reactions. The easy child, difficult child, and slow-to-warm-up child are all recognized temperament styles that describe different patterns of behavior and emotional responses in children. However, the term "fun child" does not fit into the framework of temperament styles and is not commonly used to describe a specific temperament pattern.

Children from low socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely than children from high SES to experience injuries and death, low IQ, and neurological problems. This is because children from low SES backgrounds often face various disadvantages such as limited access to quality healthcare, nutrition, and educational resources. These factors can contribute to higher rates of accidents, injuries, and fatalities. Additionally, the lack of access to quality education and developmental opportunities can result in lower IQ scores and difficulties in cognitive and neurological development. Therefore, all of the above options are more prevalent among children from low SES backgrounds.

The answer suggests that the role that siblings play in one another's lives is probably more important than that of the parents. This implies that siblings have a significant impact on each other's lives, possibly because they share a similar upbringing, spend more time together, and have a unique bond that can shape their development and provide emotional support. However, it is important to note that the importance of siblings' role may vary depending on individual circumstances and family dynamics.

Emotion refers to a feeling that causes some kind of physiological, behavioral, or cognitive response. It is a complex state of mind that involves a range of subjective experiences, such as joy, anger, fear, sadness, or love. Emotions can influence our thoughts, actions, and physical sensations, and they play a crucial role in our daily lives, shaping our interactions with others and our overall well-being.

Social workers are mandated by federal law to report child abuse. This means that they have a legal obligation to report any suspected cases of child abuse to the appropriate authorities. This is important because it ensures that cases of child abuse are properly investigated and that the safety and well-being of the child is prioritized. By reporting child abuse, social workers play a crucial role in protecting vulnerable children and holding perpetrators accountable for their actions.

Social referencing is the correct answer because it refers to the ability of children to detect and respond appropriately to emotional cues in others. This milestone in emotional development allows children to use the emotional expressions and reactions of others as a guide for their own behavior and emotional responses. By observing and imitating the emotional reactions of others, children learn how to navigate social situations and understand the feelings and intentions of those around them.

A grandparent who occasionally babysits or provides treats is referred to as a "formal figure" because they have a more formal and occasional role in the child's life. They may not have the same level of responsibility as a surrogate parent or be as emotionally distant as a distant figure. Instead, they play a more structured and limited role, often providing treats or babysitting when needed. They are not necessarily seeking fun, but rather fulfilling a more formal and occasional role in the child's life.

Infants normally begin to walk without support at around 11-14 months of age. This is the typical developmental milestone when babies gain enough strength and coordination to take their first steps independently. It is important to note that every child develops at their own pace, so some infants may start walking a little earlier or later than this range. However, 11-14 months is generally considered to be the average age for this milestone.

Temperament refers to the consistent ways in which individuals respond behaviorally and emotionally to their environment. It is considered to be a fairly stable trait throughout life because it tends to remain consistent over time. While certain aspects of temperament may evolve and change as individuals age and experience different life events, the core characteristics of temperament generally remain relatively stable. This stability is believed to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

A language acquisition device refers to the innate ability or mechanism that allows children to acquire language. It is a theoretical concept proposed by Noam Chomsky, suggesting that humans are born with a specialized cognitive ability specifically designed for language learning. This device enables children to make sense of language, understand its structure, and eventually master it. It is believed to be located in the brain and is responsible for the universal grammar that underlies all languages.

Stranger anxiety normally develops around six months of age. This is because infants at this stage start to recognize familiar faces and become more aware of their surroundings. They may become wary and anxious when encountering unfamiliar people, as they are still developing trust and attachment to their primary caregivers. This is a normal part of their social and emotional development and indicates that they are forming healthy attachments to their caregivers.

Proximodistal development refers to the pattern of development where the trunk area of an infant's body develops before the extremities. This means that the muscles and control of the core and proximal parts of the body, such as the head, neck, and torso, develop before the muscles and control of the arms and legs. This allows the infant to gain stability and control over their center of gravity before being able to manipulate and control their limbs.

Social learning theory suggests that individuals learn by observing and imitating the behavior of others. In the context of parenting, parental self-efficacy refers to a parent's belief in their ability to effectively parent their child. According to social learning theory, parents who have a high level of self-efficacy are more likely to engage in positive parenting practices because they have confidence in their abilities. Therefore, the idea that parental self-efficacy is associated with positive parenting aligns with social learning theory.

Permanency planning refers to the process of making decisions and taking actions to either prevent children from being placed in out-of-home care or to find them foster or adoptive placements as quickly as possible. It is a crucial aspect of child welfare, ensuring that children have stable and permanent living arrangements. The Adoption and Safe Families Act and the Indian Child Welfare Act are related to child welfare but do not specifically refer to the planning aspect of permanency.

Separation anxiety typically develops between the ages of 12-18 months. This is a normal developmental stage in which infants and toddlers become distressed when separated from their primary caregiver or familiar environment. During this time, they may cry, cling, or become anxious when their caregiver leaves. This behavior is a sign of healthy attachment and is a normal part of a child's emotional development.

Cephalocaudal development refers to the pattern of growth and development that starts from the head and moves downwards towards the feet. This concept suggests that infants first gain control over their neck, head, and arms before they are able to crawl and walk. This explanation aligns with the given correct answer, which states that the idea of progression from neck, head, and arms to crawling and walking refers to cephalocaudal development.

In Ainsworth's styles of attachment, an infant who may show fear, anxiety, or resistance around the caregiver is referred to as "insecure disorganized." This term describes a pattern of attachment where the infant displays inconsistent and unpredictable behaviors towards the caregiver. They may exhibit contradictory reactions such as approaching the caregiver but then suddenly withdrawing or showing signs of fear. This attachment style is often associated with inconsistent or abusive caregiving, leading to confusion and disorganization in the infant's behavior.

The answer "Research on the matter is inconclusive" suggests that there is no clear consensus or conclusive evidence regarding the impact of daycare on attachment in attachment theory. This means that different studies may have produced conflicting results or that there is insufficient research available to draw a definite conclusion.

In Ainsworth's styles of attachment, an infant who is clingy with the caregiver and refuses to explore or be comforted is referred to as insecure resistant. This means that the infant displays a lack of confidence in the caregiver's availability and responsiveness, leading to difficulty in exploring their environment and seeking comfort when needed.