Junir Sheep & Goat Skillathon Test Bank

A castrated male sheep or goat is called a wether. Castration is the process of removing the testicles of a male animal, which results in the animal being unable to reproduce. The term wether specifically refers to castrated male sheep or goats, distinguishing them from intact males and females.

A ruminant's stomach has four parts. Ruminants, such as cows, sheep, and goats, have a unique digestive system that allows them to efficiently break down plant material. The four parts of their stomach are the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. Each part plays a specific role in the digestion process. The rumen and reticulum are responsible for fermentation and storage of food, while the omasum helps in water absorption. The abomasum is similar to the stomach of monogastric animals and is responsible for the breakdown of proteins and other nutrients.

People can indeed get soremouth (orf) from sheep and goats. Soremouth is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects sheep and goats, causing lesions and sores on their lips, mouth, and sometimes other parts of the body. The virus can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated objects. In humans, soremouth typically causes painful sores on the hands, fingers, or face. Therefore, it is important for people to take precautions when handling sheep and goats to avoid contracting soremouth.

The approximate gestation length of a ewe or doe is 5 months. This means that it takes around 5 months for a female sheep (ewe) or a female deer (doe) to carry and develop their offspring before giving birth.

Sheep and goats do not have teeth on their upper front jaw. This is because they have a dental structure called a dental pad, which is a tough, flat surface instead of teeth. The dental pad allows them to graze and chew their food efficiently, as they use their lower front teeth to bite off grass or leaves and then use their dental pad to grind the food against their lower teeth. Therefore, the statement that sheep and goats do not have teeth on their upper front jaw is true.

The best way to deworm sheep and goats is by administering the dewormer orally through drenching. This method involves giving the deworming medication directly into the animal's mouth using a syringe or drench gun. It ensures that the medication is effectively delivered to the digestive system, where the parasites reside. This method is preferred as it allows for accurate dosing and easy administration, ensuring that the animals receive the appropriate amount of medication to effectively eliminate the parasites.

Feeding sheep and goats loose minerals is better than mineral blocks because loose minerals allow the animals to regulate their intake according to their specific needs. They can consume the minerals as needed, ensuring they receive the appropriate amount for their health. On the other hand, mineral blocks may not provide sufficient access to the minerals, leading to deficiencies or overconsumption. Loose minerals also allow for easier monitoring and adjustment of mineral intake. Therefore, it is more beneficial to feed sheep and goats loose minerals rather than mineral blocks.

The statement is true because the sex of the offspring is determined by the male. In most species, including humans, males have two different sex chromosomes, known as X and Y. Females have two X chromosomes. During reproduction, the male contributes either an X or a Y chromosome to the offspring, while the female always contributes an X chromosome. If the male contributes an X chromosome, the offspring will be female, and if the male contributes a Y chromosome, the offspring will be male. Therefore, the sex of the offspring is determined by the male.

The statement claims that goat is the most consumed meat in the world, but this is not true. While goat meat is popular in many regions, it is not the most consumed meat globally. Other meats such as pork, chicken, and beef are more widely consumed worldwide. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

This statement is false because the number of offspring born to a female is not determined by the male alone. The number of offspring is typically influenced by both the male and female reproductive systems. The female's reproductive system plays a crucial role in determining the number of offspring through processes such as fertilization, implantation, and gestation. The male's contribution is limited to providing sperm for fertilization. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that the male solely determines the number of offspring born to a female.

Mohair is a type of fiber that is obtained from the Angora goat breed. These goats are known for their long, soft, and luxurious hair, which is sheared to produce mohair. Cashmere, Kiko, and Nigerian Dwarf goats do not produce mohair.

Worms on farms have developed resistance to all dewormers and dewormer classes. This means that regardless of the type of dewormer used, the worms have become immune to their effects. This resistance can vary from farm to farm, but overall, it is true that worms have developed resistance to all dewormers.

The average fleece weight for sheep shorn in the US is 8 lbs. This means that when all the fleece weights of the sheep are added together and divided by the number of sheep, the result is 8 lbs.

Rambouillet is known for producing the finest wool among sheep breeds. The Rambouillet sheep originated in France and were later imported to the United States. They have a dense, fine, and soft fleece that is highly prized for its quality. Rambouillet wool is often used in high-end clothing and textiles due to its excellent warmth, durability, and ability to be spun into fine yarns.

Lighter weight animals usually sell for a higher price per pound than heavier animals because they are often considered to have better quality meat. Lighter animals tend to have less fat and more tender meat, which is preferred by consumers. Additionally, lighter animals require less feed and resources to raise, making them more cost-effective for farmers and producers. This higher demand and lower production cost contribute to the higher price per pound for lighter weight animals.

Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mother after giving birth, and it is crucial for the newborn lamb or kid's health and survival. It contains essential nutrients and antibodies that provide immunity and protect against diseases. The correct answer, 24 hours, indicates that colostrum is available to the newborn for a day after birth. After this period, the quality and quantity of colostrum decrease, making it less beneficial for the newborn's health. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the lamb or kid receives colostrum within the first 24 hours of life.

The rumen is the largest part of a mature ruminant's digestive system. It is a large fermentation chamber where bacteria and other microorganisms break down cellulose and other complex carbohydrates into simpler substances that can be absorbed by the animal. The rumen allows ruminants, such as cows and sheep, to efficiently digest plant material and obtain nutrients from it.

Urinary calculi, commonly known as kidney stones, are typically caused by an imbalance of calcium and phosphorus in the body. When there is an excessive amount of these minerals in the urine, they can crystallize and form stones in the kidneys. Calcium and phosphorus are essential nutrients for the body, but an imbalance can lead to the formation of kidney stones.

Corn is the highest in energy (TDN) among the given feedstuffs. Corn is a cereal grain that is rich in carbohydrates and contains a high amount of starch. Starch is easily digestible and provides a significant amount of energy to animals. It has a higher energy content compared to oats, alfalfa hay, and alfalfa pellets, making it a preferred choice for providing energy to livestock and poultry.

The Tunis breed of sheep is not a dairy breed. Dairy breeds of sheep are specifically bred for their milk production, while the Tunis breed is primarily raised for its meat. They have a medium-sized frame and are known for their flavorful meat, making them popular among sheep farmers for meat production rather than milk production.

Scrapie is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) that affects sheep and goats. It is caused by an abnormal protein called a prion and is always fatal. Therefore, the statement "Scrapie is always fatal" is true. Additionally, an animal's genetics can affect its susceptibility to scrapie, and the incidence of scrapie has been higher in black face (Suffolk type) sheep. However, the statement "Goats can't get scrapie" is untrue, as goats are indeed susceptible to scrapie.

The abomasum is the true stomach of a ruminant. It is responsible for the final stage of digestion in ruminants, where the breakdown of food is completed through the secretion of digestive enzymes and acids. The abomasum is similar to the stomach of monogastric animals, such as humans, in terms of its function. The rumen, reticulum, and omasum are other compartments of the ruminant's stomach, but they primarily aid in the initial digestion and fermentation of food before it reaches the abomasum.

Alpine goats are known for their high milk production, making them the breed that produces the most milk. They have been selectively bred for their milk production, resulting in a breed that is efficient and productive in terms of milk yield. Alpine goats have a good balance between milk quantity and quality, making them a popular choice for dairy farmers.

Goats do not have higher dressing percentages than sheep. Dressing percentage refers to the proportion of an animal's live weight that remains after it has been slaughtered and dressed for meat. Generally, sheep have higher dressing percentages compared to goats. This is because sheep have a higher proportion of muscle and less fat compared to goats, resulting in a higher yield of meat. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

The normal body temperature of a healthy sheep or goat is between 102-104 degrees Fahrenheit. This range is considered normal for these animals and indicates that they are in good health. Body temperature can vary slightly depending on factors such as age, breed, and environmental conditions, but generally, a temperature within this range is considered normal for a sheep or goat.

In laparoscopic AI, the semen is deposited in the uterine horns. The uterine horns are part of the uterus and they are the site where fertilization occurs in many mammals, including humans. During laparoscopic AI, a small incision is made in the abdomen to access the reproductive organs, and the semen is directly deposited into the uterine horns using a specialized instrument. This allows for a more precise and targeted delivery of the semen, increasing the chances of successful fertilization.

The average length of the ewe's estrus cycle is 17 days. This refers to the time it takes for the ewe to go through the various stages of the reproductive cycle, including ovulation and the readiness for mating. This information is important for farmers and breeders to understand the reproductive patterns of their ewes and plan breeding accordingly.

Loin eye size is the most highly heritable trait because heritability refers to the proportion of phenotypic variation that is due to genetic factors. If a trait has high heritability, it means that a large portion of the variation in that trait is caused by genetic differences between individuals. Therefore, in the given options, if loin eye size has the highest heritability, it suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in determining the size of the loin eye in animals.

Sheep and goats should only be dewormed when they need it, based on clinical signs. Deworming should not be done on a routine schedule as it can lead to drug resistance and unnecessary medication. Clinical signs that may indicate the need for deworming include weight loss, poor body condition, diarrhea, and anemia. Regular monitoring of the animals' health and fecal testing can help determine when deworming is necessary.

Sheep and goats have 32 teeth. This is the correct answer because adult sheep and goats have a dental formula of 2 (incisors), 0 (canines), 3 (premolars), and 3 (molars) on both their upper and lower jaws. This adds up to a total of 32 teeth.

The primary symptom of barber pole worm infection is anemia. Anemia occurs when there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Barber pole worms feed on the blood of their host, causing blood loss and leading to anemia. This can result in weakness, fatigue, pale mucous membranes, and other symptoms associated with anemia.

Soybean meal is the highest in protein compared to the other feedstuffs listed. It is a byproduct of the soybean oil extraction process and is commonly used as a protein source in animal feed. Soybean meal has a high protein content, typically around 44-48%, making it an excellent choice for meeting the protein requirements of animals. Corn, alfalfa pellets, and beet pulp have lower protein levels compared to soybean meal and are not as rich in this nutrient.

The Navajo Churro is considered the oldest breed of sheep in the United States. This breed is known for its ability to adapt to harsh environments and its resistance to diseases. It has a long history with the Navajo people, who have raised and utilized these sheep for centuries. The Navajo Churro has played a significant role in the cultural and economic traditions of the Navajo Nation.

Haemonchus contortus is the scientific name for the barber pole worm. This parasitic worm is commonly found in the stomach of ruminant animals, such as sheep and goats. It is known for its distinctive appearance, with males having a characteristic "barber pole" appearance due to the presence of red and white bands on their body. Haemonchus contortus is a significant parasite in livestock, causing anemia, weight loss, and even death in severe cases. Effective control and management strategies are necessary to prevent the negative impact of this worm on animal health and productivity.

Pregnancy toxemia, also known as ketosis, is caused by a deficiency of energy during late pregnancy. This condition occurs when the pregnant animal does not consume enough energy to meet the demands of the developing fetus. The body then breaks down fats for energy, leading to the accumulation of ketones which can be harmful. Providing adequate energy during this stage is crucial to prevent pregnancy toxemia.

Thiamine is not an appropriate treatment for polio. Polio is a viral infection that affects the nervous system, specifically the spinal cord. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is not effective against viral infections. The appropriate treatment for polio includes supportive care, such as pain relief, physical therapy, and respiratory support. There is no specific antiviral treatment for polio, but vaccination is the most effective preventive measure.

Grain is most likely to lower rumen pH and make it more acidic compared to the other feedstuffs listed. This is because grains are high in starch content, which can be rapidly fermented by rumen microbes, producing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) such as propionic acid. The increased production of VFAs leads to a decrease in rumen pH, making it more acidic. Hay, silage, and grass have lower starch content and are typically fermented more slowly, resulting in a less acidic rumen environment.

Acetate is the correct answer because it is the main end product of fiber digestion. When dietary fiber is broken down by bacteria in the colon, one of the byproducts is acetate. Acetate is then absorbed into the bloodstream and can be used as an energy source by various tissues in the body. Proprionate and butyrate are also VFAs produced during fiber digestion, but they are not the primary end products. Caltrate is not a VFA and is not produced during fiber digestion.

The demand for lamb is usually the highest during the 4th of July holiday. This is because the 4th of July is a popular day for barbecues and outdoor gatherings in the United States, and lamb is a common choice for grilling and roasting during these celebrations.

All are factors contributing to rectal prolapses.

Polioencephalomalacia is a disease that is caused by a deficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E. This deficiency leads to oxidative damage and neurological symptoms in affected individuals. Polioencephalomalacia is characterized by brain lesions, seizures, and abnormal behavior. The other options, white muscle disease, rickets, and urinary calculi, are not specifically caused by a deficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E.

Domestic sheep evolved from the mouflon, a wild sheep species. The mouflon is native to the mountains of western Asia and eastern Europe. Over time, humans selectively bred mouflon with desirable traits, such as wool quality and docility, leading to the development of domestic sheep. Today, domestic sheep are found worldwide and have been bred for various purposes, including wool production, meat, and milk.

Ovine progressive pneumonia is the correct answer because it is a viral disease that affects the lungs of sheep. One of the symptoms of this disease is the development of a hard bag, which refers to the udder becoming firm and swollen due to inflammation. Johne's disease, scrapie, and pregnancy toxemia are all different diseases that do not specifically cause a hard bag.

Nigerian Dwarf goats produce milk with the highest percentage of butterfat. This breed is known for its rich and creamy milk, which contains a higher concentration of butterfat compared to other dairy goat breeds such as Toggenburg, Alpine, and Nubian. The higher butterfat content in Nigerian Dwarf goat milk makes it ideal for making cheese and other dairy products.

Grain helps to develop a young ruminant's rumen quicker because it is rich in carbohydrates. The high carbohydrate content in grain stimulates the growth of bacteria in the rumen, which helps in the breakdown of complex compounds and the production of volatile fatty acids. This process helps in the development and maturation of the rumen, allowing the young ruminant to efficiently digest and utilize forage and other feeds. Milk, grass, and hay do not provide the same level of carbohydrates as grain, making grain a more effective diet for rumen development.

Katahdin is the most popular breed of sheep as determined by the number of annual registrations.

Caprine arthritic encephalitis is a disease that affects goats and can result in the formation of abscesses, either internally or externally. This disease is caused by a retrovirus and primarily affects the joints and central nervous system of goats. The virus can be transmitted through infected milk, colostrum, or direct contact with infected animals. Symptoms of the disease include lameness, weight loss, and neurological abnormalities.