Semester 2 Neuro, Quiz 2 - Cerebellum
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Your 27-year old patient displays ataxia when asked to walk across the examination room. You ask him to stand still with his eyes closed and note marked swaying back and forth. When he opens his eyes the swaying persists. Vibration sense is normal on all four limbs. Given the clinical picture in this case, such ataxia is likely due to damage to which of the following structures?
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Dorsal columns
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Cerebral peduncles
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Posterior limb of the internal capsule
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Ventral horns of the spinal cord
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Cerebellum
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This quiz, titled 'Semester 2 Neuro, Quiz 2 - Cerebellum', assesses knowledge on cerebellar functions and pathologies. It covers clinical scenarios, anatomical understanding, and neurophysiological concepts, essential for medical students and professionals in neurology.
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- 2.
Dysdiadokmesia refers to which of the following?
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Inability to perform the Tandem-Gait test
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Inability to stand without swaying with eyes open
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Inability to control distance, power or speed of a movement
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Inability to control vestibulo-ocular reflexes
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Inability to perform rapid alternating movements with the hands
Correct Answer
A. Inability to perform rapid alternating movements with the handsExplanation
Dysdiadokokinesia refers to the inability to perform rapid alternating movements with the hands. This condition is commonly observed in neurological disorders such as cerebellar dysfunction or lesions. It is characterized by a lack of coordination and smoothness in movements, making it difficult for individuals to perform tasks that require rapid and alternating movements, such as playing a musical instrument or clapping hands.Rate this question:
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- 3.
As a researcher studying the circuitry of the cerebellum, which of the following nuclei do you wish to lesion if you are focusing mainly on the flocculo-nodular lobe circuitry of the cerebellum?
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Fastigial nucleus
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Dentate nucleus
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Clarkes nucleus
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Spinal border cells
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Globose nucleus
Correct Answer
A. Fastigial nucleusExplanation
The researcher would wish to lesion the Fastigial nucleus if they are focusing mainly on the flocculo-nodular lobe circuitry of the cerebellum. This is because the Fastigial nucleus is primarily involved in the control of eye movements and balance, which are key functions of the flocculo-nodular lobe. Lesioning the Fastigial nucleus would allow the researcher to study the specific effects on these functions and understand the circuitry of the cerebellum involved in them.Rate this question:
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- 4.
A 70-year old man with a history of hypertension went to work and had sudden onset of nausea and vomiting. He was taken to ER, where his exam was notable for slurred speech, dysmetria on finger-to-nose testing on the left side. His gait was normal. Where is the lesion?
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Cerebellar vermis
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Right cerebellar hemisphere
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Left cerebellar hemisphere
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Fastigial nucleus
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Vestibular nuclei
Correct Answer
A. Left cerebellar hemisphereExplanation
The patient's symptoms of slurred speech and dysmetria on the left side indicate a lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, including speech and fine motor skills. Lesions in the cerebellar hemisphere can lead to deficits on the opposite side of the body. In this case, the left cerebellar hemisphere is affected, causing symptoms on the left side such as slurred speech and dysmetria. The other options, such as the cerebellar vermis, right cerebellar hemisphere, fastigial nucleus, and vestibular nuclei, are not consistent with the patient's symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 5.
As a researcher studying the circuitry of the cerebellum, which of the following nuclei do you know to be the major output neuron of the cerebellar cortex?
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Purkinje cells
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Dentate nucleus
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Fastigial nucleus
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Clarke's nucleus
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Spinal border cells
Correct Answer
A. Purkinje cellsExplanation
Purkinje cells are known to be the major output neurons of the cerebellar cortex. They receive inputs from various sources within the cerebellum and send their axons to the deep cerebellar nuclei, which then project to other parts of the brain. Purkinje cells play a crucial role in coordinating motor movements and are involved in the regulation of balance, posture, and coordination. Their distinctive morphology and connectivity make them well-suited for integrating and modulating signals within the cerebellum.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A 45-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a cerebellar hemorrhage. The patient exhibited an unsteady "drunk like" gait and the physician noted that he swayed while entering the examination room. Which region of the cerebellum was most likely affected by the bleed?
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Hemispheres of the anterior lobe
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Hemisphere of the posterior lobe
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Interposed nuclei
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Dentate nucleus
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Flocculonodular lobe
Correct Answer
A. Flocculonodular lobeExplanation
The patient's unsteady and "drunk like" gait, as well as swaying while entering the examination room, suggest dysfunction in the vestibulocerebellum, which is responsible for balance and coordination. The vestibulocerebellum is located in the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum. Therefore, the most likely region affected by the cerebellar hemorrhage in this case is the flocculonodular lobe.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Concerning the circuitry between mossy fibers, climbing fibers and cells of the cerebellar cortex, which of the following pairs both provide excitatory input?
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Mossy fibers & Purkinje cells
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Purkinje cells & Golgi cells
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Granule cell parallel fibers & Mossy fibers
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Golgi cells & Climbing fibers
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Climbing fibers & Basket cells
Correct Answer
A. Granule cell parallel fibers & Mossy fibersExplanation
Granule cell parallel fibers and mossy fibers both provide excitatory input. The granule cell parallel fibers are axons of granule cells in the cerebellar cortex that run parallel to each other. Mossy fibers, on the other hand, are axons that originate from various brain regions and carry sensory information to the cerebellum. Both of these fiber types release excitatory neurotransmitters onto their target cells, which leads to the activation and excitation of these cells. Therefore, the correct answer is Granule cell parallel fibers & Mossy fibers.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Efferent axons from the dentate nucleus terminate in what thalamic nucleus and travel through what peduncle?
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Ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus (VA) ---superior cerebellar peduncle
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Ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus (VA) ---middle cerebellar peduncle
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Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL) ---superior cerebellar peduncle
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Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL) ---middle cerebellar peduncle
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Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus (VPL) ---superior cerebellar peduncle
Correct Answer
A. Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL) ---superior cerebellar peduncleExplanation
Efferent axons from the dentate nucleus terminate in the Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL) and travel through the superior cerebellar peduncle.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following ascending pathways enters the cerebellum through the peduncle marked in the picture?
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Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
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Cuneo cerebellar tract
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Anterior spinocerebellar tract
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Ponto cerebellar fibers
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Climbing fibers
Correct Answer
A. Anterior spinocerebellar tractExplanation
The correct answer is the anterior spinocerebellar tract. This ascending pathway enters the cerebellum through the peduncle marked in the picture. The other options listed are not associated with this specific peduncle.Rate this question:
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.JPG "Which of the following ascending pathways enters the cerebellum through the peduncle marked in the picture?")
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jan 24, 2012Quiz Created by
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