Semester 2 - Endocrine - Oral Cavity, Thyroid And Larynx Anatomy
Questions and Answers
- 1.
With an infection at the tip of the tongue, which lymph node is most likely to be initially enlarged and tender?
- A.
Submandibular
- B.
Parotid
- C.
Retropharyngeal
- D.
Sub-mental
- E.
Jugulo-digastric nodes
Correct Answer
D. Sub-mentalExplanation
When there is an infection at the tip of the tongue, the lymph node that is most likely to be initially enlarged and tender is the sub-mental lymph node. The sub-mental lymph node is located beneath the chin and drains the tongue and floor of the mouth. Therefore, it is the closest lymph node to the site of infection and would be the first to respond to the infection by becoming enlarged and tender.Rate this question:
-
- 2.
A 30-year old lady visited her dentist for the severe pain around the last lower molar tooth. The dentist examined and decided to extract the last lower tooth. Two weeks after the extraction, the lady complained of the loss of taste and general sensation over anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Which of the following structures was most likely damaged during the extraction?
- A.
Inferior alveolar nerve
- B.
Lingual nerve
- C.
Chordatympanic nerve
- D.
Glossopharyngeal nerve
- E.
Hypoglossal nerve
Correct Answer
B. Lingual nerveExplanation
The lingual nerve is most likely damaged during the extraction. The lingual nerve provides sensory innervation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, which is consistent with the patient's complaint of loss of taste and general sensation in that area. The other nerves listed do not provide innervation to the tongue, so they are less likely to be the cause of the patient's symptoms.Rate this question:
-
- 3.
After protraction of the mandible, it is retracted by which of the following muscles fibers?
- A.
Medial pterygoid muscle
- B.
Anterior fibers of the temporalis muscle
- C.
Middle fibers of the temporalis
- D.
Posterior fibers of the temporalis
- E.
Lateral pterygoid muscle.
Correct Answer
D. Posterior fibers of the temporalisExplanation
After protraction of the mandible, the posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle are responsible for retracting the mandible. The temporalis muscle is a large muscle located on the side of the head, and it has three sets of fibers: anterior, middle, and posterior. The posterior fibers specifically play a role in retracting the mandible, which means they help to bring the mandible back to its original position after it has been moved forward.Rate this question:
-
- 4.
An ENT surgeon performed the tonsillectomy on a 15-yearold boy. After the operation, the surgeon noticed severe bleeding from the tonsillar bed. Which of the following arteries is responsible for this bleeding?
- A.
A branch of the lingual artery
- B.
A branch of the maxillary artery
- C.
A branch of the facial artery
- D.
A branch of the internal carotid artery
- E.
A branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery
Correct Answer
C. A branch of the facial arteryExplanation
The correct answer is a branch of the facial artery. The tonsillar bed is supplied by the tonsillar branch of the facial artery, which can cause severe bleeding if injured during a tonsillectomy.Rate this question:
-
- 5.
A 12-year-old female who underwent a tonsillectomy a week previously complains to her physician that the back of her tongue “feels numb." What nerve was most likely damaged in the surgery?
- A.
Chorda tympani
- B.
CN V3
- C.
CN IX
- D.
CN X
- E.
Internal laryngeal nerve
Correct Answer
C. CN IXExplanation
During a tonsillectomy, the most likely nerve to be damaged is the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX). This nerve provides sensory innervation to the back of the tongue, including taste sensation, and also controls the muscles involved in swallowing. Damage to CN IX can result in numbness or loss of sensation in the back of the tongue. The other nerves listed, such as the chorda tympani, CN V3, CN X, and internal laryngeal nerve, are not typically involved in providing sensation to the back of the tongue and would not be the most likely nerve to be damaged in this surgery.Rate this question:
-
- 6.
The cricothyroid muscle is the only laryngeal muscle innervated by the external laryngeal nerve. This muscle moves which joint?
- A.
Cricoarytenoid joint
- B.
Cricotracheal joint
- C.
Cricothyroid joint
- D.
Sternoclavicular joint
- E.
Acromioclavicular joint
Correct Answer
C. Cricothyroid jointExplanation
The cricothyroid muscle is responsible for controlling the tension of the vocal cords, which affects the pitch of the voice. It is the only laryngeal muscle innervated by the external laryngeal nerve. The cricothyroid joint is the joint that is moved by the cricothyroid muscle. This joint connects the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage in the larynx. The movement of this joint allows for the adjustment of the tension in the vocal cords, enabling changes in pitch and voice production.Rate this question:
-
- 7.
An emergency rescue technician attempts to place an emergency airway in a patient who has sustained facial injuries in a motor vehicle accident. He locates the thyroid cartilage and then inserts n intubation tube into the thyrohyoid membrane, rather than the cricothyroid membrane. Which structure was NOT at risk of injury by this incorrect placement of the tube?
- A.
Internal laryngeal nerve
- B.
Vocal folds folds
- C.
Vestibular folds
- D.
Thyroid ima artery
- E.
Thyrohyoid muscle
Correct Answer
D. Thyroid ima arteryExplanation
The incorrect placement of the intubation tube in the thyrohyoid membrane would not put the thyroid ima artery at risk of injury.Rate this question:
-
- 8.
A 22-year-old woman presents to her physician with a neck swelling. She said the swelling started growing suddenly for past 1 week and it started to hurt and she can't breathe. On Inspection the physician identified it as a solitary swelling which moved up on deglutition. On palpation he found the swelling was firm in consistency and it was not attached to the skin. The following statements concerning this swelling would LEAST LIKELY suggest a diagnosis of the thyroid gland swelling?
- A.
The sudden growth in the size can be explained by a hemorrhage into the swelling
- B.
The swelling is located superficial to the sternothyroid muscle
- C.
The lobes of the thyroid gland are closely related to the sides of the trachea
- D.
The swelling moves upward on deglutition because of the berry's ligament
- E.
The dyspnea was caused by the swelling pressing on the trachea
Correct Answer
B. The swelling is located superficial to the sternothyroid muscleExplanation
The swelling being located superficial to the sternothyroid muscle would least likely suggest a diagnosis of thyroid gland swelling because the thyroid gland is located deep to the sternothyroid muscle.Rate this question:
-
- 9.
An incision has to be made on which membrane in an allergic glottis edema?
- A.
Thyrohyoid membrane
- B.
Quadrangular membrane
- C.
Median cricothyroid ligament
- D.
Cricotracheal ligament
- E.
Vocal ligament
Correct Answer
C. Median cricothyroid ligamentExplanation
The correct answer is the median cricothyroid ligament. In an allergic glottis edema, an incision needs to be made on the median cricothyroid ligament to relieve the swelling and open up the airway. This ligament connects the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage and is located in the front of the neck. By making an incision on this membrane, it allows for better airflow and can help alleviate the symptoms of the edema.Rate this question:
-
- 10.
A patient has hoarse voice after a thyroid surgery. It is most probably caused by:
- A.
Chronic glottis edema
- B.
Compression of the trachea
- C.
Removal of the parathyroid glands
- D.
Lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
- E.
Lesion of the inferior laryngeal artery
Correct Answer
D. Lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerveExplanation
After a thyroid surgery, the patient's hoarse voice is most likely caused by a lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates the muscles that control the vocal cords, and any damage or injury to this nerve can result in voice changes such as hoarseness. Chronic glottis edema, compression of the trachea, removal of the parathyroid glands, and lesion of the inferior laryngeal artery are not commonly associated with hoarseness after thyroid surgery.Rate this question:
-
- 11.
A four-year-old child is brought into the Emergency room with a foreign object embedded in her throat. Examination reveals that it is an open safety pin lodged deeply in the left piriform fossa of the laryngopharynx. The physician is able to remove the safety pin under general anesthetic. After the procedure a laryngoscopy reveals that the left vocal fold is flaccid and the girl has trouble speaking in her normal voice. What nerve was damaged?
- A.
Inferior laryngeal nerve
- B.
Superior laryngeal nerve
- C.
Internal laryngeal nerve
- D.
External laryngeal nerve
- E.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Correct Answer
A. Inferior laryngeal nerveExplanation
The inferior laryngeal nerve, also known as the recurrent laryngeal nerve, is responsible for innervating the muscles of the larynx, including the vocal folds. Damage to this nerve can result in paralysis or weakness of the vocal folds, leading to difficulty speaking in a normal voice. In this case, the flaccid left vocal fold and the girl's trouble speaking suggest that the inferior laryngeal nerve was damaged during the removal of the safety pin.Rate this question:
-
- 12.
A 50-year old man has a partial thyroidectomy for a tumor. During the operation the internal laryngeal nerve was damaged. Which of the following area will lose the general sensation?
- A.
Over the epiglottis only
- B.
Larynx below the vocal cord
- C.
Larynx above the vocal cord
- D.
Ventricle of the larynx only
- E.
Saccule of the larynx only
Correct Answer
C. Larynx above the vocal cordExplanation
Damage to the internal laryngeal nerve during a partial thyroidectomy would result in loss of general sensation in the larynx above the vocal cord. The internal laryngeal nerve provides sensory innervation to the mucosa of the larynx, including the supraglottic area above the vocal cord. The other options, such as over the epiglottis only, larynx below the vocal cord, ventricle of the larynx only, and saccule of the larynx only, are not innervated by the internal laryngeal nerve and would not be affected by its damage.Rate this question:
-
Back to top