Image Technology Semester 2 Exam

The word "crop" refers to the action of trimming away a part of an image. This process involves removing unwanted or unnecessary parts of the image to focus on a specific area or to improve the composition. Cropping helps to eliminate distractions, improve the overall visual impact, and create a more balanced and aesthetically pleasing image.

The term "inverse" refers to something that is the opposite of another thing. In the context of the given question, the command "Select>Inverse" would select the opposite of the current selection. In other words, it would select everything that was not previously selected.

Digital cameras and scanners are used to capture images. They use sensors or light-sensitive elements to record the image and convert it into a digital format. This allows the image to be stored, edited, and shared digitally. The term "capture" accurately describes the process of recording or acquiring an image using these devices.

The term "default" in Photoshop refers to the settings that were initially set when the program was installed. These settings serve as the starting point for the user and can be customized according to their preferences.

A pixelized or pixelated image refers to an image that appears rough because the individual pixels are large enough to be visible to the eye. This means that the image lacks smoothness and clarity, with the individual square-shaped pixels being easily discernible. This can happen when the image has a low resolution or when it is enlarged beyond its original size without proper scaling algorithms. The roughness and visibility of the pixels give the image a blocky and distorted appearance.

Low-resolution images use fewer pixels, which means that there are fewer individual dots of color that make up the image. Each pixel requires a certain amount of file space to store its color information, so when there are fewer pixels, less file space is needed. This is why low-resolution images have smaller file sizes compared to high-resolution images, which have more pixels and therefore require more file space to store the additional color information.

When the Zoom Tool is used, the view of the image changes. This means that the user can either zoom in to get a closer look at a specific part of the image or zoom out to see the entire image. The Zoom Tool does not affect the size of the image, the number of pixels in the image, or the file size of the image.

The resolution at which an image should be scanned for restoration or retouching should be at least 300 spi. This is because a higher resolution provides more detail and allows for better quality restoration and retouching. A resolution of 300 spi ensures that the image will have sufficient clarity and sharpness to accurately restore or retouch any imperfections or damage.

An out-of-gamut color refers to a shade of color that cannot be accurately reproduced using CMYK inks. CMYK is a color model used in printing, where colors are created by combining cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks. However, CMYK has a limited color gamut, meaning it cannot reproduce certain shades of color accurately. These out-of-gamut colors may appear differently when printed compared to how they appear on a computer screen or in other color models like RGB.

The feather option in image editing software allows you to soften the edges of a selection. When the feather option is set to 6 pixels, it means that the effect will extend 6 pixels inwards from the edge of the selection and 6 pixels outwards from the edge of the selection. Therefore, the total feathered effect will be 12 pixels wide.

When an image is sharpened, the algorithm enhances the contrast between adjacent pixels. Darker pixels are made even darker, which makes the edges of objects appear more defined. Similarly, lighter pixels are made even lighter, further emphasizing the contrast between different areas of the image. This sharpening effect helps the edges of objects stand out more prominently.

New, full-color documents should be created in RGB mode because it is the color mode that is used for displaying images on electronic devices such as computer screens and mobile phones. RGB mode uses a combination of red, green, and blue channels to create a wide range of colors. This mode is ideal for digital design and online viewing, as it provides a vibrant and accurate representation of colors.

The type mask tools are different from the other two type tools because they do not actually create text. Instead, they create selections that mimic the appearance of text. This means that the type mask tools allow you to create selections in the shape of letters or words, which can then be filled or stroked with color or used for various other editing purposes. Unlike the other type tools, they do not generate actual editable text layers.

Mixing different colors of light to create a new color is called an additive color system. In an additive color system, colors are created by combining different wavelengths of light. This is commonly seen in devices such as televisions and computer screens, where red, green, and blue lights are combined to create a full range of colors. In contrast, subtractive color systems, such as the CMYK system used in printing, involve subtracting certain wavelengths of light to create colors. Spot color refers to the use of specific pre-mixed ink colors in printing.

When an image in RGB mode is converted to CMYK, the out-of-gamut colors in the image are not deleted or hidden. Instead, they are converted to the nearest possible CMYK match. This means that the colors that are outside the printable range of CMYK are adjusted to the closest possible colors that can be reproduced in the CMYK color space. This ensures that the image retains as much color accuracy as possible when printed in CMYK format.

JPEG format does not save layers. Unlike PSD (Photoshop Document), TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), and PDF (Portable Document Format), JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression format that does not support layers. When saving an image in JPEG format, all layers are flattened into a single merged image. This format is commonly used for sharing images online or for displaying photographs, where smaller file sizes are preferred over the ability to edit individual layers.

Choosing the option "Window>Workspace>Default Workspace" resets Photoshop's work area to its default condition. This option allows the user to restore the default arrangement of panels, tools, and windows in Photoshop, providing a clean and organized workspace for the user to work with.

Black-and-white projects should be created in grayscale mode because it allows for the use of shades of gray, giving the project a more realistic and nuanced appearance. RGB mode is used for projects that require color, bitmap mode is used for projects that require high contrast black-and-white images, and CMYK mode is used for projects that will be printed in full color. Grayscale mode is the best choice for black-and-white projects as it provides the most flexibility in terms of shading and tonal range.

The keyboard shortcut [Ctrl] allows you to temporarily use the Hand Tool when using another tool. This shortcut is commonly used in graphic design and image editing software to quickly navigate and move around the workspace without having to switch between tools. By holding down the [Ctrl] key, you can temporarily access the Hand Tool and move the canvas or image around. This shortcut is particularly useful when zoomed in on a specific area and need to quickly navigate to another part of the image.

When the Resampling option is turned off and the size of an image is changed, the pixels in the image will also become larger or smaller. This means that the individual pixels will be resized to fit the new dimensions of the image, resulting in a change in their size.

You should sharpen an image just before printing, after all other adjustments have been made to the image. This is because sharpening enhances the details and edges in the image, making it appear crisper and more defined. By sharpening the image at the end of the editing process, you can ensure that any changes made to the image, such as adjustments to brightness, contrast, or color, are taken into account when applying the sharpening effect. This helps to achieve the desired final look for the printed image.

The effects on the Styles palette are made up of various combinations of layer styles. Layer styles are a set of effects that can be applied to a layer in Photoshop, such as drop shadow, bevel and emboss, and gradient overlay. These layer styles can be combined and customized to create unique and complex effects for enhancing the appearance of text, shapes, and images in a design.

To reset Photoshop's foreground and background colors to black and white, you need to click the Default Foreground and Background Colors button in the Toolbox. This button is specifically designed to reset the colors to their default settings, which are black for the foreground and white for the background. It is the quickest way to achieve this without having to manually change the colors using the Color Picker or closing and reopening Photoshop.

Kerning is the setting on the Character palette that controls the spacing between two characters. Kerning is the adjustment of space between individual letter pairs to improve the visual appearance of the text. It allows for fine-tuning the spacing between specific characters to achieve better readability and aesthetics. Tracking, on the other hand, refers to the overall spacing between all characters in a block of text. Justification is the alignment of text along the left and right margins, while leading is the vertical spacing between lines of text.

To "flip" an image means to turn it over and look at it from the other side. This is different from rotating the image, as it involves reflecting the image along a vertical or horizontal axis. It is as if you are flipping a physical object over to see its reverse side.

A graph that shows the amount of shadows, highlights, and mid-tones in an image is called a histogram. A histogram provides a visual representation of the distribution of tones in an image, with shadows on the left, highlights on the right, and mid-tones in between. It allows photographers and editors to analyze the exposure and tonal range of an image, making adjustments to achieve the desired look.

Clicking the Print Size button does not reset the zoom magnification of an image to 100%. The Print Size button is used to display the image at the size it would appear when printed, which may not be 100% zoom.

The Window>Tile Vertically command in an image editing software resizes and rearranges all open image windows so that they are visible on the screen. This is useful when working with multiple images simultaneously, as it allows for easier comparison and editing. It does not close any windows or combine the images into a single window, but rather organizes them in a way that maximizes visibility.

The Constrain Proportions option in the Image Size dialog box ensures that when you resize an image, its original proportions are maintained. This means that if you increase or decrease the width of the image, the height will automatically adjust proportionally to maintain the original shape of the image. Similarly, if you change the height, the width will adjust accordingly. This option is useful when you want to resize an image without distorting its original proportions.

A bounding box is a box that appears around an active layer's pixels. It is used to define the boundaries of an object or selection in an image editing software. The bounding box allows users to manipulate and transform the content within it, such as resizing, rotating, or moving the layer. It provides a visual reference for the area being edited and helps to accurately position and adjust the layer's contents.

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When layers are listed in the Layers palette, the top layer is the one that appears "in front" of all the other layers. This means that any content or effects on the top layer will be visible and may cover up content on the layers below it. Therefore, to make a layer appear "in front" of all other layers in the file, it should be listed or stacked at the top of the Layers palette.

Noise filters in image processing algorithms typically use blurring techniques to remove noise. Blurring works by averaging the pixel values in a neighborhood, which helps to smooth out small variations and reduce the appearance of noise. By blurring the image, the noise is effectively blended with the surrounding pixels, resulting in a cleaner and less noisy image.

The Smart Sharpen filter has a Motion Blur option that can help correct blur caused by camera or subject movement. This filter is specifically designed to address blurriness in images and offers advanced options for sharpening, including the ability to adjust the amount, radius, and remove motion blur. It is a powerful tool for enhancing the clarity and sharpness of images affected by movement during capture.

The term "anti-aliased" refers to a slight smoothing effect at the edge. This means that when rendering graphics or text, the jagged appearance of diagonal or curved lines is reduced by blending the colors of the pixels along the edges. This technique helps to create a more visually pleasing and realistic image by reducing the pixelation or stair-step effect that can occur without anti-aliasing.

A vector graphic is not made up of individual pixels. Unlike bitmap or raster graphics, which are composed of pixels, a vector graphic is created using mathematical equations to define lines, shapes, and colors. This allows vector graphics to be scaled to any size without losing quality or becoming pixelated.

To reset a tool back to its default settings, you need to right-click the tool icon in the options bar and choose "Reset Tool" from the shortcut menu. This action will restore all the tool's settings to their original default values.

In RGB mode, colors are represented by values ranging from 0 to 255 for each of the red, green, and blue channels. Since the question specifically asks for the value that represents red light at maximum strength, the correct answer is 255. This means that when red light is at its maximum intensity in RGB mode, its value is set to 255.

The Window menu in Photoshop provides a list of all the available palettes. This menu allows users to access and manage various palettes such as Layers, Channels, Paths, and many others. By selecting the Window menu, users can easily navigate and toggle between different palettes, making it the correct answer for this question.

JPEG artifacts refer to extra noise that appears when an image is saved as a low-quality JPEG file. This noise can manifest as blocky or blurry distortions, color banding, or loss of fine details in the image. It occurs due to the compression algorithm used in JPEG files, which discards certain image data to reduce file size. When the compression level is set too low, the loss of data becomes more noticeable, resulting in these artifacts.

The Spot Healing Brush Tool automatically senses a blemish when the cursor is held over it and blends the blemish and surrounding areas together when the mouse is clicked. This tool is specifically designed for quick and easy retouching of small imperfections, making it ideal for removing spots, acne, and other minor skin blemishes in photographs.

The Set Grey Point tool in both the Levels and Curves dialog boxes is used to adjust the image so that the selected color becomes neutral gray. This means that it can be used to correct any color cast in the image and bring it closer to true neutral gray. By selecting a specific color and adjusting it to neutral gray, the tool helps in achieving accurate color balance and overall tonal adjustments in the image.

Pressing the [Tab] key allows you to temporarily hide the Toolbox, palettes, and options bar in Adobe Photoshop. This is a quick and convenient way to maximize your workspace and focus solely on your image without any distractions.

In CMYK mode, the value that would appear in each of the C:, M:, Y:, and K: text boxes to represent white is 0%. In CMYK mode, the values represent the percentage of each color ink (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key/Black) used to create a specific color. Since white is the absence of color, all the ink values should be 0% to achieve white.

Pressing the [Esc] key while moving the mouse backward along the selection path allows you to back up without starting over when using the Magnetic Lasso Tool.

The Rectangular Marquee Tool does not have an Anti-alias option. Anti-aliasing is a technique used to smooth the edges of a selection to make it appear more natural and less jagged. The other three selection tools mentioned in the options, namely the Lasso Tool, the Polygonal Lasso Tool, and the Elliptical Marquee Tool, all have an Anti-alias option available, allowing users to create smoother and more precise selections.

In an additive color system, white is created by combining the maximum values of red, green, and blue light. This is because in additive color mixing, different colors of light are added together to create new colors. When the maximum values of red, green, and blue light are combined, they create white light. This is the basis for how colors are displayed on digital screens and other devices that use RGB color mixing.

The term "rasterize" refers to the process of converting vector graphics, which are made up of mathematical equations and can be scaled infinitely without losing quality, into pixel-based graphics, also known as raster images. Raster images are made up of a grid of pixels and have a fixed resolution, which means they can lose quality when scaled up. Rasterizing allows vector graphics to be displayed or printed at a specific size and resolution.

When you hold down the Shift key while drawing a custom shape, it ensures that the shape maintains its original proportions. This means that the width and height of the shape will increase or decrease proportionally, preventing it from becoming distorted or stretched.

Pressing the [Ctrl] key allows you to select more than one layer in the layers palette. This key is commonly used for selecting multiple items in various software applications, including Photoshop. By holding down the [Ctrl] key and clicking on different layers in the layers palette, you can select multiple layers at once, enabling you to perform actions or make changes to multiple layers simultaneously.