Respiratory System - Responses To Exercise

During exercise, the body's demand for oxygen increases because the muscles need more energy to perform the physical activity. To meet this increased demand, the breathing rate increases to bring in more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body. This allows the oxygen to be transported to the muscles through the bloodstream, enabling them to continue functioning efficiently. Therefore, the statement that the increase in breathing rate during exercise is a result of the body demanding more oxygen is true.

The internal respiratory system involves the exchange of gases between the blood and cells. This system includes the lungs, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released. Oxygen from the lungs is transported to the cells through the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide produced by the cells is carried back to the lungs to be exhaled. This system ensures that oxygen is delivered to the cells for cellular respiration and that waste carbon dioxide is removed from the body.

The mitochondria is the organelle responsible for energy production in the cell. It combines oxygen with fats and carbohydrates through a process called cellular respiration to produce ATP, the main source of energy for the cell. The golgi complex is involved in protein modification and packaging, lysosomes are responsible for intracellular digestion, and ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis. Therefore, the mitochondria is the correct organelle that works with oxygen to ensure energy production.

The cardiovascular system works closely with the respiratory system to ensure there is a ready supply of oxygen for the working muscles. The respiratory system is responsible for bringing in oxygen into the body, while the cardiovascular system transports the oxygen-rich blood to the muscles. The heart pumps the oxygenated blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen to the muscles and removing waste products such as carbon dioxide. This collaboration between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems ensures that the muscles receive the necessary oxygen for energy production during physical activity.

All of these effects only occur if regular exercise is maintained. If the exercise is stopped for a period of time then the training effects will be lost

The lungs do not actually grow in size following long term physical fitness training. However, regular exercise and physical fitness training can improve lung function and capacity by strengthening the muscles involved in breathing and increasing the efficiency of oxygen uptake and distribution in the body.

Increase in capillary density surrounding the alveoli thus improving gaseous exchange

The respiratory system consists of two main systems: the internal respiratory system and the external respiratory system. The internal respiratory system includes the lungs, where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. It also includes the bronchial tree, which helps in the transportation of air to and from the lungs. The external respiratory system includes the nose, mouth, throat, and trachea, which are responsible for the intake and filtration of air. Both systems work together to ensure the proper functioning of the respiratory system and the exchange of gases in the body.

When we inhale, the air we breathe in contains approximately 78% nitrogen. Similarly, when we exhale, the air we breathe out also contains approximately 78% nitrogen. This is because nitrogen is an inert gas and does not undergo any significant chemical reactions in our body. On the other hand, the percentage of oxygen decreases when we exhale because our body utilizes oxygen during various metabolic processes. Carbon dioxide, on the other hand, is produced as a waste product during cellular respiration and is exhaled in higher concentrations compared to its percentage in inhaled air.

Initial responses of the respiratory system are neural in nature i.e. they come from neural detectors in the muscle and the command centre in the brain
As the intensity of breathing increases, this represents an increased metabolism in the muscles e.g. CO2 production is detected

Approximately 4% of the inhaled oxygen is exhaled from the body. This is because during respiration, oxygen is taken in by the body and used for various metabolic processes. The oxygen that is not used is then expelled as carbon dioxide during exhalation. Since only a small portion of the inhaled oxygen is exhaled, the correct answer is 4%.

The cardiac notch is a small indentation in the left lung that allows space for the heart to sit in. This is because the left lung is slightly smaller than the right lung, and the cardiac notch accommodates for this size difference. The heart needs a space to fit in the thoracic cavity, and the cardiac notch provides that space specifically for the heart.

During exercise, the demand for oxygen by the muscles increases, leading to an increase in respiratory volume. This means that the respiratory system takes in more air per breath to deliver more oxygen to the muscles. Additionally, as exercise intensity increases, the body produces more carbon dioxide as a byproduct of increased metabolism. This leads to an increase in CO2 production. Therefore, the correct answer is an increase in respiratory volume and CO2 production increases.

When we exhale, the percentage of nitrogen in the exhaled air increases. This is because our body does not utilize nitrogen during respiration, so the concentration of nitrogen in the air we exhale is higher compared to the air we inhale. On the other hand, the percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide decreases when we exhale because our body uses oxygen for cellular respiration and produces carbon dioxide as a waste product, leading to a decrease in their concentrations in exhaled air.