RESNA Exam Terminology Part1 A-d

Accessibility Options are software adaptations included in Windows that address common problems that persons with disabilities have in using a standard keyboard. These options provide customizable settings to modify keyboard inputs, such as adjusting the repeat rate, enabling sticky keys, or activating filter keys. By offering these accessibility options, Windows aims to make it easier for individuals with disabilities to navigate and interact with their computers, improving their overall user experience.

Amputation refers to the surgical removal of a part of the body, typically a limb or digit. This procedure is often performed due to medical reasons such as severe injury, infection, or disease. It is a significant surgical intervention that aims to improve the patient's quality of life and prevent further complications. Amputation requires careful planning and consideration, as it can have a profound impact on the individual's physical and psychological well-being.

Arthritis is the correct answer because it is a condition characterized by inflammation of a joint. The clinical features of arthritis include joint pain and swelling. Autism, aural, and auricle do not relate to inflammation of a joint, so they are not the correct answer.

Audiology is the correct answer because it is the branch of science that specifically focuses on hearing and hearing impairments. It involves the study and evaluation of hearing disorders, as well as the treatment and rehabilitation of individuals with hearing loss. Dermatology, speech therapy, and pathology are unrelated to the study of hearing impairments, making them incorrect options.

Acoustic trauma refers to sudden or gradual hearing loss caused by exposure to loud noise over a prolonged period or from a single intense noise, such as an explosion or severe blow to the head. This can damage the delicate structures in the inner ear, leading to partial or complete hearing loss. The term "acoustic" refers to sound, and "trauma" indicates the damaging effect it has on the auditory system. Therefore, the given answer "Acoustic trauma" accurately describes the condition of sudden or gradual hearing loss caused by exposure to loud noise.

AIDS is a disorder of the immune system caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is characterized by the inability to mount a successful defense against infections, including opportunistic infections that are usually not pathogenic. The syndrome is marked by a depletion in the number of helper T cells, which play a crucial role in the immune response. AIDS is currently incurable and fatal, but recent developments in drug treatments have shown promise in prolonging the lives of infected individuals.

Aggression refers to forceful verbal or physical behavior that stems from anger, hostility, or rage. It can be directed towards others or towards oneself. This behavior is characterized by a display of aggression, such as yelling, hitting, or threatening others. Aggression can be a response to frustration, provocation, or a desire to dominate or control others. It is a common human behavior that can vary in intensity and can have negative consequences on individuals and their relationships.

Alertness is the correct answer because it refers to a state of consciousness where an individual is fully aware of their surroundings and can respond to different sensory stimuli such as sound, touch, and sight. This state indicates that the person is awake, attentive, and able to process and interact with their environment. Aggression, aphasia, and apraxia do not relate to the given description and are therefore incorrect answers.

Amnesia refers to memory loss that can occur due to various conditions such as hysteria, epilepsy, alcoholism, severe psychological trauma, and organic brain disease. It is characterized by the inability to recall past events or form new memories. This condition can be temporary or permanent, and it can affect different aspects of memory, including episodic memory (personal experiences) or semantic memory (general knowledge). Amnesia can have a significant impact on a person's daily life and ability to function.

Abrasion refers to the process of removing the superficial layers of skin or mucous tissue through wearing, rubbing, or scraping. This can occur due to accidental trauma or for therapeutic purposes. It is a common type of injury that often results in a superficial wound or scrape on the skin.

The given description of "pain that's sharp, severe, and of sudden onset" matches the characteristics of acute pain. Acute pain is typically caused by an injury or a specific condition and is usually temporary. It is often sharp and intense, serving as a warning signal for the body to address the underlying issue. In contrast, infection, stress, and inflammation can cause pain but may not necessarily exhibit the sudden and severe characteristics mentioned in the description. Therefore, acute pain is the most appropriate answer.

An audiogram is a graphic representation of hearing acuity as determined by audiometric and other hearing tests. It is a visual representation of an individual's hearing ability, showing the thresholds at which different frequencies of sound can be detected. The audiogram helps audiologists and healthcare professionals to diagnose and evaluate hearing loss, as well as determine the appropriate course of treatment, such as the use of hearing aids.

Abduction refers to the movement of an arm or a leg away from the axis of the body. It is the correct answer because it directly matches the given explanation. Abasia refers to the inability to walk due to a lack of coordination or muscle weakness. Aphagia refers to the inability to swallow. Apraxia refers to the inability to perform purposeful movements, despite having the physical ability to do so.

Acceleration vocabularies refers to a technique used by literate individuals to enhance communication speed by selecting complete words and spelling them out. This method allows for faster and more efficient communication by eliminating the need to spell out each individual letter or use shorthand. It is commonly used by individuals who are proficient in reading and writing and want to increase their communication rate.

Arthroplasty refers to the surgical replacement or reconstruction of a joint and repair of tissue. This procedure is performed to improve joint function and relieve pain. It is a common treatment option for individuals with severe joint damage or conditions such as arthritis. Arthroplasty can involve replacing the entire joint or only the damaged parts. This procedure aims to restore mobility, reduce pain, and improve the overall quality of life for patients.

Dyslexia is a condition that affects a person's ability to read, write, or spell words. It is caused by various pathological conditions. Individuals with dyslexia often have difficulty distinguishing letter sequences in written words and may frequently reverse letters and words. This condition is different from dyskinesia, which refers to abnormal involuntary movements, amnesia, which is a loss of memory, and aphasia, which is a difficulty in understanding or producing language.

An audiometer is a device used to test hearing acuity by measuring a patient's perception of tones at different frequencies. It is specifically designed for this purpose and is commonly used in audiology clinics and hospitals. The other options mentioned in the question, such as alternative sensory system, haptic sensory system, and stereotoner, do not accurately describe a device used for testing hearing acuity.

The given answer, "Academic participation," aligns with the framework mentioned in the question. The framework suggests considering four levels of participation in classroom activities, and "Academic participation" is one of those levels. It implies active involvement in academic tasks, discussions, and exercises within the classroom setting. This level of participation indicates engagement, attentiveness, and contribution towards the academic learning process.

Acceptance time refers to a method used in a scanning system where an item is selected based on the user pausing for a preset period. This means that the system waits for a specific duration of time before registering the user's input as a selection. This method allows users to have control over when their selection is made, as they can pause for the required time before proceeding.

Accommodation refers to the act or process of adapting to change in the physiologic or physiological environment to maintain homeostasis. This can include adjusting or changing one's behavior, thoughts, or actions in response to new or changing circumstances. In the context of physiology, accommodation can refer to the ability of the eye to adjust its focus in order to see objects at different distances clearly. Overall, accommodation is a necessary process for organisms to maintain balance and adapt to their changing environment.

The correct answer is "acetabulum, pl. acetabula." The acetabulum is a cup-shaped depression in the pelvis that forms the socket for the head of the femur bone. It is located at the junction of the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones. The term "acetabula" refers to the plural form of acetabulum.

The Achilles tendon reflex is a protective reflex that causes the foot to plantar flex (point downwards) when the Achilles tendon is tapped. This reflex is mediated by the S1 nerve root and involves the contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle. The absence of this reflex can indicate nerve damage or dysfunction, which may be seen in conditions such as diabetes mellitus or peripheral neuropathy. Therefore, the correct answer is Achilles tendon reflex.

Alopecia refers to total or partial hair loss caused by various factors such as normal aging, hormonal imbalances, skin disorders, chemotherapy, or drug reactions. It is a condition characterized by the absence or loss of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows. Amnesia refers to memory loss, aptitude refers to natural ability or talent, and aphagia refers to the inability to swallow.

The correct answer is "Acoustic nerve" because it is one of the pair of cranial nerves that is involved in both hearing and maintaining equilibrium. The acoustic nerve is composed of the cochlear nerve, which is responsible for transmitting sound signals to the brain, and the vestibular nerve, which helps in detecting changes in head position and movement to maintain balance and spatial orientation.

Asphyxia is a condition where there is a lack of oxygen and an increase in carbon dioxide in the body. This leads to critically low levels of blood oxygen and high levels of carbon dioxide. Asphyxia can occur due to various reasons such as suffocation, choking, or respiratory failure. It can result in severe complications and even death if not treated promptly.

Dysphonia refers to any impairment of the voice, which can result in difficulty speaking. It is a condition that affects the vocal cords, causing changes in the volume, pitch, or quality of the voice. This can manifest as hoarseness, weakness, or even complete loss of voice. Hypoxia, neuralgia, and abasia are unrelated to difficulty speaking, making dysphonia the correct answer.

Ambulatory is the correct answer because it relates to the ability to walk. Ambulatory refers to the ability to move about and walk independently. It is often used to describe patients who are able to walk and do not require assistance or support. The other options, Abasia, Aphasia, and Aphagia, do not relate to walking but instead refer to conditions such as the inability to walk, the loss of ability to understand or produce speech, and the inability to swallow, respectively.

Aptitude refers to an inherent ability or talent that allows an individual to learn, understand, or perform a certain skill. It implies a natural inclination or potential to excel in a specific area. In this context, the other options - Alopecia, Autism, and Atonia - do not relate to the given definition and are unrelated to the concept of aptitude.

Atonic means abnormally relaxed, weak, or flaccid; lacking normal tone. This term is used to describe a condition where there is a loss of muscle tone or strength. It is not related to dementia, dyslexia, or dyskinesia, which are all different conditions.

Aphagia refers to the difficulty or inability to swallow. This condition can be caused by various factors such as neurological disorders, muscle weakness, or obstruction in the throat or esophagus. It can result in significant challenges in eating and drinking, leading to malnutrition and dehydration if not properly managed.

Dupuytren's contracture is a condition characterized by the progressive thickening, shortening, and fibrosis of the subcutaneous tissues of the palm. This leads to the formation of nodules and cords, causing a flexion deformity of the affected finger. The fourth and fifth fingers are most commonly affected by this condition. It is a painless condition that gradually develops over time and can result in the inability to fully straighten the affected finger.

Atonia refers to the lack of normal muscle tone or strength. This condition can result in weakness or paralysis of muscles, leading to difficulties in movement or coordination. Asphyxia, dysarthria, and dyskinesia do not specifically refer to the lack of muscle tone or strength, making them incorrect options.

The correct answer is "Acute phase." The acute phase refers to the period in the course of a disease when symptoms are most pronounced. This phase is typically characterized by the onset of symptoms and the rapid progression of the disease. It is a critical stage where the disease may reach its peak severity before either improving or progressing further. During this phase, the symptoms may be severe and may require immediate medical attention or intervention.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive degenerative brain disease that is characterized by diffuse atrophy throughout the cerebral cortex, along with the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. This disease primarily affects memory, thinking, and behavior, and is the most common cause of dementia. It gradually worsens over time and eventually leads to the inability to carry out daily activities.

Adipose is the correct answer because it specifically relates to fat or fatty tissue. The term "adipose" is commonly used in the medical field to describe the specialized connective tissue that stores fat in the body. It is responsible for insulation, protection, and energy storage. The other options, alopecia, aural, and auricle, do not pertain to fat or fatty tissue.

Dysarthria is a disorder of motor speech control that occurs due to damage in the central or peripheral nervous system. It is characterized by weakness, slowness, and incoordination of the muscles involved in speech. This condition affects the ability to articulate words and can result in slurred or unintelligible speech. Dysreflexia, dyspnea, and dyslexia are unrelated conditions and do not match the given description.

Abbreviation Expansion is the correct answer because it refers to a computer access technique where a shortened form of a word or phrase is used to represent the entire word or phrase. This technique is commonly used to improve efficiency and speed in typing or data entry. By using abbreviations, users can quickly input longer words or phrases without having to type out the entire text. This can be particularly useful for individuals with limited mobility or those who need to input large amounts of text regularly.

The term "abduct" refers to the movement of a body part away from the midline or center of the body. This is the opposite of "adduct," which refers to the movement of a body part towards the midline or center of the body. Therefore, "abduct" is the correct answer as it aligns with the given statement "To move away from the body."

Adduct is the correct answer because it means to draw a limb towards the median axis of the body. This term is commonly used in anatomy to describe the movement of a limb or body part towards the midline of the body. It is the opposite of abduction, which is the movement away from the midline. Therefore, adduct is the appropriate term to describe the action of drawing a limb towards the median axis of the body.

Assessment is the correct answer because it refers to the process of gathering and analyzing information about the consumer. This information is used to understand the consumer's needs and abilities, and to recommend appropriate assistive technologies. The assessment also helps in developing a plan for intervention, which may include strategies and interventions to support the consumer in achieving their goals.

The given correct answer is "Anatomic position". Anatomic position refers to the standard body position used as a reference point in anatomy. In this position, the individual stands upright, facing forward, with arms hanging at the sides, palms facing forward, and feet slightly apart and pointing forward. This position allows for consistent and standardized descriptions of the body's structures and relationships.

Dyspnea refers to shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or labored breathing. It can be caused by various factors such as heart conditions, anxiety, or strenuous exercise. Dyslexia, dyspraxia, and dysarthria are unrelated conditions that do not involve breathing difficulties. Therefore, dyspnea is the correct answer as it aligns with the given symptoms.

Dysphasia refers to an impairment of speech characterized by a lack of coordination and the inability to arrange words in their correct order. This condition typically occurs as a result of an injury to the speech area in the cerebral cortex.

Abasia is the correct answer because it refers to the inability to walk. The other options, abduction, afferent, and aphasia, do not relate to the inability to walk. Abduction refers to movement away from the midline of the body, afferent refers to nerve impulses traveling towards the central nervous system, and aphasia refers to the loss of ability to understand or express speech. Therefore, Abasia is the only option that accurately describes the given condition.

Dysreflexia is a condition characterized by an abnormal motor response to stimuli. It is often associated with spinal cord injuries and causes an exaggerated response of the autonomic nervous system. This can result in symptoms such as high blood pressure, sweating, and headaches. Dysreflexia can be triggered by various stimuli, such as a full bladder or bowel, skin irritation, or temperature changes. It is important to identify and manage dysreflexia promptly to prevent serious complications.

Affect memory refers to the emotional component that is associated with the recollection of a significant experience. It is the ability to remember and recall not just the facts or details of an event, but also the emotions and feelings that were experienced during that event. Affect memory plays a crucial role in shaping our emotional responses and can influence our behavior and decision-making in the future. It helps us retain and retrieve memories that have a strong emotional impact on us.

Ataxia refers to the impairment of the ability to coordinate voluntary muscle movement. It is characterized by a lack of muscle control and coordination, leading to unsteady movements, difficulty with balance, and problems with speech and swallowing. Asphyxia, on the other hand, refers to a condition where there is a lack of oxygen supply to the body, Atonia refers to a lack of muscle tone, and Dysarthria refers to difficulty in speaking due to muscle weakness or coordination problems. Therefore, Ataxia is the most appropriate answer for the given description.

Aphasia is the correct answer because it refers to the loss or impairment of the ability to communicate through speech, written language, or signs, which is caused by brain disease or trauma. This condition affects a person's ability to understand and produce language, making it difficult for them to express themselves or comprehend what others are saying.

An acute disease is a sudden-onset illness that is characterized by severe signs and symptoms that last for a relatively short period of time. This term is used to describe diseases that have a rapid and intense onset, causing significant distress and discomfort to the individual. Unlike chronic diseases, which develop slowly and persist over a long period, acute diseases typically resolve within a few days or weeks. The term "acute" refers to the temporary and intense nature of the disease, highlighting its sudden onset and short duration.

Dyskinesia refers to the impairment or distortion of voluntary movement. It is a condition characterized by abnormal, involuntary movements that can affect various parts of the body, such as the limbs, face, or trunk. These movements can be jerky, repetitive, or writhing in nature, and can significantly impact a person's ability to control their movements. Dyskinesia can be caused by various factors, including neurological disorders, medication side effects, or brain injuries. Therefore, the given correct answer aligns with the definition and characteristics of dyskinesia.