Resistance Exercise

Concentric contraction refers to the shortening of a muscle. This occurs when the muscle generates force and contracts, causing the muscle fibers to pull together and decrease in length. During concentric contractions, the muscle is actively contracting and producing movement. This is in contrast to eccentric contractions, where the muscle lengthens while still generating force, and isometric contractions, where the muscle remains at a constant length without any movement.

Muscle performance refers to the capacity of a muscle to do work, which means it is the ability of the muscle to generate force and produce movement. This includes the ability of the contractile tissue within the muscle to produce tension, which ultimately results in a force being exerted. Muscle performance can also be measured by the work done by the muscle over a specific period of time, which is calculated as work divided by time. Additionally, muscle performance is related to the ability of the muscle to contract continuously and resist fatigue during exercise that involves a resisted muscle contraction.

The Vestibulocochlear System is not involved in muscle performance. It is responsible for hearing and balance, but does not directly affect muscle function. On the other hand, biochemical factors, neurological factors, metabolic capacity, and the cardiovascular system all play important roles in muscle performance.

The overload principle states that in order to improve muscle strength or endurance, a load (such as weight or resistance) needs to exceed the capacity of the muscles. This means that the muscles need to be challenged beyond what they are used to in order to stimulate adaptation and improvement. If the load is too light or does not exceed the capacity of the muscles, there will be no significant improvement in strength or endurance.

Strength is the ability of contractile tissue to produce tension that results in a force. This means that strength refers to the capacity of muscles to generate force through the contraction of their fibers. It is not simply the ability to do work or the ability to contract and resist, but specifically the ability to produce tension that leads to a force. This definition encompasses the physiological aspect of strength and highlights the role of contractile tissue in generating force.

The given correct answer states that power is defined as work divided by time. Power is a measure of how quickly work is done or how fast energy is transferred. It quantifies the rate at which work is performed or energy is expended. This definition aligns with the formula for power, which is the amount of work done divided by the time it takes to do that work. Therefore, the correct answer accurately describes power as the ratio of work to time.

The correct answer is "includes anaerobic exercises only." This statement is false because resistive exercises can include both aerobic and anaerobic exercises. Resistive exercises refer to any form of active exercise that is resisted, meaning that the muscles are working against a force or resistance. This resistance can be applied both manually, such as using weights or resistance bands, and mechanically, such as using machines or equipment. Therefore, the statement that resistive exercises include anaerobic exercises only is incorrect.

Detraining is the process in which the body loses the benefits of physical training due to inactivity. After about a week of inactivity, the body starts to experience detraining effects such as decreased muscle strength, endurance, and cardiovascular fitness. This occurs because the body adapts to the demands of exercise and when those demands are not met, the body gradually reverts back to its pre-training state. Therefore, the correct answer is 1 week.

The location of the muscle does not directly influence tension. Factors such as cross section and size, speed of muscle contraction, recruitment of motor fibers, and fiber type distribution can all affect tension production in a muscle. However, the specific location of the muscle does not play a direct role in determining the amount of tension it can generate.

Increasing resistance is the correct answer because it is a fundamental principle of strength training. When you increase the resistance or load placed on a muscle during exercise, it creates a greater demand on the muscle fibers, leading to adaptations that increase strength. This can be achieved by using heavier weights, resistance bands, or machines with adjustable resistance. Increasing sets or reps and frequency can also contribute to muscle growth and endurance, but specifically increasing resistance is the most effective way to increase strength.

Generalized fatigue refers to fatigue that affects the entire body and is not specific to any particular organ or system. It is commonly associated with conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia. The other options mentioned in the question, such as decreased blood sugar levels and decreased glycogen stores, are known to contribute to fatigue. However, increased potassium levels do not typically cause generalized fatigue. Therefore, the correct answer is increased potassium levels.

During early adolescence, muscle mass typically makes up about 25% of a person's body weight. This is because during this stage of development, individuals experience significant growth spurts and their bodies undergo various changes. These changes include the development of skeletal muscles, which contribute to the overall muscle mass. As a result, muscle mass increases and accounts for approximately 25% of their body weight during this period.

Functional strength refers to the ability of muscles to work together efficiently and effectively during daily activities or sports. It involves the coordination and control of forces exerted by the muscles to perform tasks smoothly. The correct answer, "reduces or controls a force in a smooth, coordinated way," aligns with the concept of functional strength as it highlights the ability to manage and regulate forces in a coordinated manner, ensuring smooth and efficient movement.

Local fatigue refers to fatigue or weakness in a specific muscle or group of muscles. Shaking, substitution, jerking, and cramping are all signs of local fatigue because they indicate muscle weakness or instability. However, dizziness is not typically associated with local fatigue. Dizziness is a sensation of lightheadedness or unsteadiness, which may be caused by various factors such as inner ear problems, low blood sugar, or dehydration. Therefore, dizziness is not considered a sign of local fatigue.

Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of muscle fibers, while hypertrophy refers to an increase in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of existing muscle fibers. Therefore, the correct answer is that hyperplasia is an increase in muscle fibers and hypertrophy is an increase in CSA of muscle.

The SAID principle (Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands) is a principle in exercise science that states that the body will specifically adapt to the demands placed upon it. This means that the body will adapt and improve in response to the specific type of training or exercise it is subjected to. The options given in the question, namely adaptation of Wolff's law, specificity, transfer of training, and strokes, are all included in the SAID principle. Therefore, the correct answer is that all of the above options are included in SAID.

The correct answer is "distal segment is fixed". This means that in WB exercises, the distal segment of the body (the part farthest away from the core or center) remains stationary or immobile. This is in contrast to the other options, where the distal segment either moves freely or is open chained.

The correct answer includes three types of isometric exercises: muscle setting, stabilization, and multi-angle. Muscle setting exercises involve contracting and relaxing specific muscles to improve strength and control. Stabilization exercises focus on maintaining balance and stability in the body. Multi-angle exercises involve working muscles at different angles to target different muscle fibers and improve overall strength and flexibility. These three types of exercises offer a comprehensive approach to building strength, stability, and muscle control.

During the recovery phase, several changes occur in the body to restore its normal state after exercise. Replenishing energy stores is one such change, as the body needs to replenish the depleted ATP and creatine phosphate stores. Recovery can occur both within a single session (intrasession) and between sessions (intersession). Lactic acid removal typically takes around 1 hour as it is converted into less harmful substances. Oxygen stores are replenished during recovery to restore normal oxygen levels in the body. However, glycogen stores, which are the stored form of glucose in the muscles and liver, are not fully restored within 1 hour of recovery.

The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that endurance includes low-intensity exercises over a long period of time, aerobic power, and muscle endurance. Low-intensity exercises over a long period of time refer to activities that are sustained for a prolonged duration, such as jogging or cycling. Aerobic power is the ability of the body to take in, transport, and utilize oxygen during exercise. Muscle endurance refers to the capacity of muscles to repeatedly contract and resist force. Therefore, all of these options are correct explanations of endurance.

Physiological factors associated with exercise include attention, motivation, and feedback. However, strength is not typically considered a physiological factor but rather a physical attribute that can be developed through exercise. While exercise can certainly contribute to increasing strength, it is not inherently a physiological factor itself.

The three key elements to muscle performance are endurance, strength, and power. Endurance refers to the ability of muscles to sustain activity over a prolonged period of time. Strength refers to the maximum force that muscles can generate. Power is the combination of strength and speed, representing how quickly muscles can generate force. These three elements are crucial for optimal muscle performance in various activities and sports.