Refrigerant Machine Operator Trivia Test #2

This pump is a centrifugal chilled water pump.

When a system does not have unloaders, other capacity control methods are needed. Unloaders are devices that regulate the refrigerant flow in a system to match the cooling load. Without unloaders, the system would not be able to adjust its capacity based on the demand, leading to inefficient operation. Therefore, other capacity control methods such as variable inlet guide vanes, an economizer, or a solenoid on the liquid line are required to ensure optimal performance and energy efficiency in the system.

In a reciprocating system using an evaporative condenser, the muffler is installed between the compressor and the evaporative condenser. The muffler is a device that helps to reduce noise and vibrations in the system. By placing it between the compressor and the evaporative condenser, it helps to dampen the noise and vibrations produced by the compressor before they reach the condenser. This helps to improve the overall efficiency and performance of the system.

Using two compressors in a cascade system allows for accomplishing lower temperatures. This is because each compressor can operate at a different pressure level, which enables the system to achieve lower temperatures than what could be achieved with a single compressor. By dividing the cooling load between the two compressors, the system can effectively lower the temperature and provide efficient cooling.

The correct answer is 101.3. This is because 29.92" HG is a unit of pressure commonly used in aviation and meteorology to measure atmospheric pressure. It is equivalent to 101.3 kilopascals (kPa), which is the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level.

The mechanism sitting above the evaporator is known as the purge unit.

If the flame of the halide torch turns yellow while using it to check for refrigerant leaks, it indicates a restriction in the tube. This means that there is a blockage or obstruction in the refrigerant line, preventing the proper flow of refrigerant. This restriction can cause issues with the cooling system and may need to be addressed to ensure proper functioning.

When a new valve plate is installed in a reciprocating compressor in a refrigerating plant, it is necessary to replace all valve plates, springs, and some valve seats. This is because the valve plate is a critical component that helps regulate the flow of refrigerant in the compressor. By replacing all valve plates, springs, and some valve seats, it ensures that the compressor operates efficiently and effectively.

Gate valves cause more leakage. This is because gate valves have a sliding gate that moves up and down to control the flow of fluid. When the valve is closed, there is a small gap between the gate and the valve body, which can result in some leakage. Globe valves, on the other hand, have a plug that moves perpendicular to the flow of fluid, creating a tighter seal when closed and reducing the chances of leakage. Therefore, gate valves are more prone to leakage compared to globe valves.

When an evaporator is not equipped with an equalizer line, it is most likely that a distributor would be present. A distributor is used to evenly distribute the refrigerant flow to the different evaporator coils. Without an equalizer line, the distributor helps to ensure that each coil receives the same amount of refrigerant, preventing any imbalance in cooling performance.

The primary reason for the insulation of a crankcase breather line is to prevent oil slugging in the compressor. Insulating the breather line helps to maintain the temperature of the oil and prevent it from condensing and accumulating in the compressor. This is important because oil slugging can cause damage to the compressor and reduce its efficiency. By insulating the breather line, the oil is kept at a consistent temperature, reducing the risk of slugging and ensuring the compressor operates effectively.

The most likely cause for the condenser water pump to be cavitating in a refrigeration system employing R-22 refrigerant is a faulty cooling tower water level controller. A faulty controller can cause the water level in the cooling tower to fluctuate, leading to inadequate water supply to the condenser. This can result in the formation of vapor bubbles in the pump, causing cavitation. Air leaks through the pump packing, operating at sustained high loads, or too long a period between pump servicing may also cause issues, but a faulty cooling tower water level controller is the most likely cause in this scenario.

The refrigerating effect is always a lower value than the latent heat because the heat required to cool the refrigerant from compressor discharge to evaporative temperature is subtracted from the latent heat. This means that some of the latent heat is used to cool the refrigerant, reducing the overall refrigerating effect.

The correct sequence of actions on start-up during a hot weekend would most likely be to start the chiller and condenser water pumps first, followed by starting the cooling tower fans. After that, the next step would be to check the compressor oil levels, followed by checking that the valves are in the correct position. Finally, the machine can be turned on. This sequence ensures that the necessary components for cooling are activated first, and then the proper maintenance checks are performed before starting the machine.

The operator suspects that shorted motor windings have caused the motor overloads to trip. To investigate this condition, the operator would be most correct to use an ohmmeter. An ohmmeter is used to measure the resistance in a circuit, and by measuring the resistance of the motor windings, the operator can determine if there is a short circuit present. If the ohmmeter shows a low resistance reading, it indicates a shorted winding. Therefore, using an ohmmeter would be the most appropriate tool for the operator to investigate the suspected condition.

The correct answer is EVAPORATIVE. An evaporative condenser uses a combination of air and water for cooling. It works by passing hot refrigerant gas through a coil, where water is sprayed onto the coil. The heat from the refrigerant causes the water to evaporate, which in turn cools the refrigerant. The cooled refrigerant then condenses back into a liquid state. This type of condenser is commonly used in air conditioning systems and industrial cooling processes.

In a centrifugal three-stage compressor, the pressure increases with each stage. This is because each stage adds more energy to the gas being compressed, resulting in a higher pressure output. Additionally, the impellers in each stage are of the same size, which allows for consistent compression and pressure increase throughout the stages. Therefore, both statements A and B are correct.

A stuffing box is a type of shaft seal that prevents vapor from leaking out of a compressor. It is a traditional type of seal that uses packing material, such as braided rope or graphite, to create a tight seal around the shaft. This packing material is compressed against the shaft, preventing any vapor from escaping. Therefore, the correct answer is "STUFFING BOX."

In an induced draft cooling tower, the lowest temperature attainable is when the dry bulb temperature is higher than the wet bulb temperature. The wet bulb temperature represents the lowest temperature that can be achieved through evaporative cooling. When the dry bulb temperature is higher than the wet bulb temperature, it means that the cooling tower is not able to cool the water to a lower temperature than the surrounding air. Therefore, the dry bulb temperature must be higher than the wet bulb temperature for an induced draft cooling tower.

The compression ratio of a centrifugal chiller can be calculated by dividing the discharge pressure by the suction pressure. In this case, the discharge pressure is given as 6 PSIG and the suction pressure is given as 18" HG vacuum. To convert the suction pressure from inches of mercury to PSIG, we need to use a conversion factor. The conversion factor is approximately 0.491, so the suction pressure in PSIG is calculated as 18" HG vacuum * 0.491 = 8.938 PSIG. Therefore, the compression ratio is 6 PSIG / 8.938 PSIG = 0.671.

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A centrifugal compressor generates high volume, low pressure inside. This means that it takes in a large volume of gas or air and compresses it to a lower pressure. This is achieved by converting the kinetic energy of the gas into potential energy through the use of rotating impellers. The gas is accelerated and then decelerated, causing an increase in pressure and a decrease in velocity. This type of compressor is commonly used in applications where a high flow rate is required, such as in HVAC systems or gas turbines.

The heat that boils off in a condenser is latent heat. This is because latent heat refers to the heat energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature. In the case of a condenser, the heat energy is used to convert a vapor or gas into a liquid state, without changing the temperature of the substance. Therefore, the correct answer is latent heat.

Bubbles in the sight glass are most likely caused by a partially plugged filter/drier. The sight glass is used to observe the refrigerant flow in the system. If there are bubbles present, it indicates that there is a problem with the refrigerant flow, such as a restriction or blockage. A partially plugged filter/drier can cause the refrigerant to not flow smoothly, leading to the formation of bubbles in the sight glass.

The state of the refrigerant as it leaves the compressor is superheated vapor, meaning it is in a gaseous state but at a temperature higher than its saturation temperature. As it leaves the condenser, the refrigerant is in a warm sub-cooled liquid state, which means it is in a liquid form but at a temperature slightly below its saturation temperature.

Shell and coil condensers have the advantage of having less chance of developing leaks. This means that compared to other types of condensers, shell and coil condensers are less likely to experience leaks, which can be beneficial in terms of maintenance and overall efficiency.

If a low-pressure refrigeration system has a pinhole in the evaporator, the most likely result would be high head pressure. This is because the pinhole allows refrigerant to escape, leading to a decrease in the amount of refrigerant in the system. As a result, the compressor has to work harder to maintain the desired pressure, leading to an increase in head pressure.

When running three compressors, the refrigerant leaving the third evaporator coil would be in the state of superheated vapor. This means that the refrigerant has absorbed enough heat to completely vaporize, and then some additional heat has been added to raise its temperature above the saturation point. As a result, the refrigerant leaving the coil is in a gaseous state and is hotter than the saturation temperature for that particular pressure.

The correct answer is "ALL THE ABOVE". Compressor motors that operate inside the refrigerant atmosphere must use materials compatible with the system refrigerants. They must also be assembled in a clean atmosphere and kept dry. Additionally, these motors are not worked on in the field. Therefore, all of the given statements are true for compressor motors operating inside the refrigerant atmosphere.

The most likely cause for the chiller water pump cavitation in a refrigerating system employing R-123 is the malfunctioning of the water make up float valve. A malfunctioning float valve can result in insufficient water supply to the chiller, causing low water levels and increased turbulence in the pump. This turbulence can lead to the formation of vapor bubbles, which collapse when they reach higher pressure areas, causing cavitation.

Recovery is the process of retrieving or extracting valuable materials or substances from waste or discarded products. It involves collecting and reusing materials that would otherwise be disposed of, reducing waste and conserving resources. This can include recovering materials such as metals, plastics, paper, and glass through methods like sorting, shredding, and melting. Recovery plays a crucial role in sustainable waste management and helps to minimize the environmental impact of waste disposal.

This question is asking for an example of an "inline" refrigerant cleaning system that can be used with a centrifugal compressor containing R-123 refrigerant. The correct answer is "REFRIGERANT RECYCLING." Refrigerant recycling is the process of removing impurities and contaminants from used refrigerant so that it can be reused. This is typically done through filtration and chemical treatments to remove moisture, acids, and other contaminants. This process helps to conserve resources and reduce waste by allowing the refrigerant to be reused instead of disposed of or reclaimed.

The clearance volume refers to the volume of space in a compressor cylinder that is not swept by the piston during the compression stroke. This volume affects the compressor capacity because it determines the amount of refrigerant that can be compressed and delivered by the compressor. A larger clearance volume will result in a lower compression ratio and lower compressor capacity, while a smaller clearance volume will result in a higher compression ratio and higher compressor capacity. Therefore, the clearance volume directly affects the compressor's ability to compress and deliver refrigerant.

The correct answer is 66 PSIG. The suction pressure in an R-22 system should be measured in PSIG (pounds per square inch gauge). PSIG refers to the pressure above atmospheric pressure. Since the question states that the evaporator temperature is 38°F, which corresponds to a saturation pressure of 66 PSIG on the R-22 pressure-temperature chart, the suction pressure should be 66 PSIG.

Faulty compressor valves can cause the crankcase and compressor discharge temperatures to drop significantly and the suction line pressure to be high. When the compressor valves are faulty, they may not be closing properly, leading to a decrease in compression efficiency and a decrease in temperature. This can result in a drop in crankcase and compressor discharge temperatures. Additionally, the faulty valves can cause a restriction in the flow of refrigerant, leading to an increase in suction line pressure. Therefore, faulty compressor valves are the most likely cause of this set of conditions.

A sudden drop in crankcase pressure can cause oil foaming in the crankcase of an R-12 reciprocating system. When the pressure in the crankcase drops suddenly, it can cause the oil to vaporize and create foam. This can be caused by factors such as a malfunctioning crankcase pressure regulator or a leak in the system. The foaming oil can lead to reduced lubrication and potential damage to the system.

The accessory pointed out by the arrow is a pressure gauge and globe valve. This can be determined by looking at the options given and identifying the correct combination. The arrow is pointing to a gauge-like instrument, indicating that it is a pressure gauge. The accompanying valve is a globe valve, as it is the only valve mentioned in the options. Therefore, the correct answer is pressure gauge and globe valve.

When a compressor is running fine at full flow and you throttle down the flow causing the compressor to stop running normally (short cycle), this could happen due to a low pressure cut out. The low pressure cut out is a safety feature in the compressor that shuts off the compressor when the pressure drops below a certain threshold. Throttling down the flow reduces the pressure, causing the cut out to activate and stop the compressor from running normally.

When charging a centrifugal system, the position of the valve is "back seated." This means that the valve is fully closed, with the disk pressed against the back seat. This position ensures that no fluid can pass through the valve, allowing for proper charging of the system without any leakage.

The correct answer is "WATER VALVE STUCK OPEN". If the water valve is stuck open, it means that too much water is entering the condenser, which can cause the head pressure to be high. This can lead to inefficient cooling and potential damage to the chiller.

Superheating refers to the process of heating a vapor above its saturation temperature. While superheated vapor is beneficial for protecting compressor parts against liquid intake, one of the problems associated with superheat is that it will decrease the capacity of the compressor and the refrigeration machine. This is because superheated vapor has lower density and specific heat compared to saturated vapor, resulting in reduced cooling capacity and efficiency.

When a hermetic compressor is operating with a low refrigerant charge, it means that there is not enough refrigerant in the system. This can lead to inadequate cooling and lubrication of the compressor. As a result, the compressor would have to work harder to maintain the desired cooling capacity, causing it to operate at a higher temperature. Therefore, the most likely effect of a low refrigerant charge on the compressor is that it would operate at a higher temperature.

The BTUs absorbed by the condensing water will be the greatest when the condenser temperature is high and the condenser water temperature is low. This is because a high condenser temperature means that the refrigerant is transferring more heat to the condensing water, while a low condenser water temperature allows the water to absorb more heat from the refrigerant. Therefore, the combination of high condenser temperature and low condenser water temperature maximizes the heat transfer and results in the greatest amount of BTUs absorbed by the condensing water.

The volume of a cylinder can be calculated using the formula V = πr^2h, where r is the radius and h is the height. In this case, the radius is half of the diameter, so it is 6/2 = 3 feet. The height is given as 20 feet. Plugging these values into the formula, we get V = π(3^2)(20) = 180π cubic feet. Since 7.48 gallons is equal to 1 cubic foot, we can convert the volume to gallons by multiplying by 7.48. Therefore, the volume in gallons is 180π * 7.48 ≈ 4241.71. The closest answer choice to this value is 4227.

The operating force on a water regulating valve installed in a water-cooled condenser is responsive to the high side pressure. High side pressure refers to the pressure on the high-pressure side of the refrigeration system, which includes the condenser. The water regulating valve adjusts the flow of water through the condenser to maintain the desired high side pressure. By controlling the flow of water, the valve helps to regulate the condenser's cooling capacity and maintain optimal operating conditions for the system.

R-744, also known as carbon dioxide (CO2), is a natural refrigerant with a GWP of 1. It is considered an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional refrigerants with high GWP, such as R-22 and R-134a. R-410A is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant with a moderate GWP, but it is still being phased out in favor of more sustainable options like R-744.

Unraveling of the insulation on the thermal bulb would result in a flooded evaporator. The thermal bulb is responsible for sensing the temperature of the suction pipe, and if the insulation is removed, the bulb will be exposed to the warmer ambient temperature in the machine room. This will cause the bulb to sense a higher temperature than the actual suction pipe temperature, leading to incorrect control of the expansion valve. As a result, the expansion valve will remain open for longer periods, causing an excessive amount of refrigerant to enter the evaporator, leading to a flooded evaporator condition.

If the external equalizer line disconnects when there is a 5 lb pressure drop across the evaporator, the evaporator would starve. This means that there would be a lack of refrigerant flow into the evaporator, leading to insufficient cooling and potentially causing the system to malfunction.

Removing the insulation on the suction line with the engine temperature at 85°F will result in excessive superheat. Superheat refers to the temperature of the refrigerant vapor above its boiling point. In this scenario, removing the insulation will cause the suction line to absorb more heat from the surrounding environment, resulting in higher temperatures and excessive superheat. This can lead to decreased cooling efficiency and potential damage to the system.

The excessive cycling of the temperature control for the reciprocating compressor refrigeration unit, along with the high crankcase temperature, low compressor discharge temperature, and high suction line temperature, suggests a problem with the condenser operation, dirty tubes, or cooling water control. If the condenser is not operating properly, such as having dirty tubes or inadequate cooling water control, it can lead to inefficient heat transfer and poor refrigerant condensation. This can cause the compressor to work harder, resulting in the observed temperature conditions.