1.
Who is person in a town who collects taxes?
Correct Answer
B. Receiver of taxes
Explanation
The person in a town who collects taxes is known as the receiver of taxes. This individual is responsible for receiving and processing tax payments from the residents of the town. They ensure that the taxes are collected in a timely manner and accurately recorded. The receiver of taxes may work for the local government or be an elected official. Their role is essential in maintaining the financial stability of the town and funding various public services and infrastructure projects.
2.
Which of these groups is made up of persons who are elected to their positions
Correct Answer
A. City council
Explanation
The city council is made up of persons who are elected to their positions. They are elected by the residents of the city to represent their interests and make decisions on behalf of the community. The other groups mentioned, such as the town board of health, planning board, and historic preservation commission, may also have members who are appointed or selected in other ways, rather than being elected by the public.
3.
Who provides the guidelines for septic system installation?
Correct Answer
C. Dep of health
Explanation
The Department of Health provides the guidelines for septic system installation. They are responsible for ensuring that septic systems are installed properly to prevent any health hazards or environmental issues. By setting guidelines, the Department of Health helps to maintain the safety and functionality of septic systems, which are crucial for waste management in residential and commercial buildings.
4.
What is an important function of a city engineer?
Correct Answer
D. Estimate costs of road and sidewalk construction
Explanation
A city engineer plays a crucial role in estimating the costs of road and sidewalk construction. This involves conducting detailed assessments and calculations to determine the materials, labor, and equipment required for the project, as well as estimating the overall expenses. This information is vital for budgeting and planning purposes, allowing the city to allocate resources effectively and ensure that construction projects are completed within budget constraints. By accurately estimating costs, the city engineer helps to ensure that infrastructure development projects are financially viable and sustainable in the long run.
5.
Your buyers want to purchase one of your listings and add a second story to it. Who should they consult?
Correct Answer
C. Building department
Explanation
Buyers who want to purchase a listing and add a second story to it should consult the building department. The building department is responsible for enforcing building codes and regulations, issuing permits, and ensuring that construction projects meet safety standards. They will be able to provide guidance and information on the necessary permits and approvals required for adding a second story to the property. The building department will also be able to advise on any specific regulations or restrictions that may apply to the property or the proposed construction project.
6.
What is one of the most important docs for a planning board?
Correct Answer
A. Master plan
Explanation
A master plan is one of the most important documents for a planning board because it provides a comprehensive and long-term vision for the development and growth of a community or region. It outlines goals, policies, and strategies for land use, transportation, infrastructure, and other aspects of urban planning. The master plan serves as a guide for making informed decisions about zoning, development projects, and public investments. It helps ensure that future development is coordinated, sustainable, and aligned with the community's vision and values.
7.
What does a town assessor do?
Correct Answer
D. Determines a property's tax value
Explanation
A town assessor is responsible for determining the value of properties within a town for tax purposes. They assess the market value of properties by considering factors such as location, size, condition, and recent sales of similar properties. This assessment is used to calculate the property taxes that owners must pay. The assessor's role is crucial in ensuring that property taxes are fair and accurately reflect the value of each property.
8.
What does the conservation advisory council oversee
Correct Answer
B. Environemntal projects
Explanation
The conservation advisory council oversees environmental projects. This means that they are responsible for monitoring and managing initiatives that aim to protect and preserve the natural environment. This could include projects related to wildlife conservation, habitat restoration, pollution control, and sustainable development. By overseeing these projects, the council plays a crucial role in ensuring the long-term health and sustainability of the environment.
9.
Which statement about a town board is not true?
Correct Answer
C. The town council must create a planning board
Explanation
The statement "the town council must create a planning board" is not true. While many towns may choose to create a planning board, it is not a requirement for every town to have one. The creation of a planning board is a decision that is made at the discretion of the town council, but it is not mandatory.
10.
What is the main purpose of the zoning board of appeals?
Correct Answer
B. To interpret zoning ordinances
Explanation
The main purpose of the zoning board of appeals is to interpret zoning ordinances. This means that they are responsible for determining the meaning and application of the regulations and rules set forth in the zoning ordinances. They play a crucial role in resolving any disputes or conflicts that may arise regarding the interpretation of these ordinances. Their goal is to ensure that the zoning regulations are applied fairly and consistently, and that any decisions made regarding land use and development are in accordance with the established ordinances.
11.
Which of these describes a policy that has several types of coverage in one policy?
Correct Answer
C. Package
Explanation
A policy that has several types of coverage in one policy is referred to as a "package" policy. This means that multiple coverages, such as property, liability, and auto insurance, are bundled together into a single policy. This can be beneficial for individuals or businesses as it simplifies the insurance process and often provides cost savings compared to purchasing separate policies for each type of coverage.
12.
In what areas does the C-MAP program help homeowners find insurance
Correct Answer
D. Coastal
Explanation
The C-MAP program helps homeowners find insurance in coastal areas. This means that the program specifically focuses on providing insurance options for individuals who live near the coast. It is likely that these areas have unique insurance needs due to the increased risk of coastal hazards such as hurricanes, storm surges, and flooding. The C-MAP program aims to assist homeowners in finding suitable insurance coverage that addresses these specific risks and challenges associated with living in coastal regions.
13.
Who must pay the deductible
Correct Answer
B. Policyholder
Explanation
The policyholder is responsible for paying the deductible. The deductible is the amount that the policyholder must pay out of pocket before the insurance company will cover the remaining expenses. This is a common practice in insurance policies to ensure that the policyholder has some financial responsibility and to prevent excessive claims.
14.
Under current NY state law, an insurance company may cancel a homeowner's or tenant's policy by issuing a cancellation notice within how many days after it is in effect?
Correct Answer
C. 60
Explanation
Under current NY state law, an insurance company has the right to cancel a homeowner's or tenant's policy by issuing a cancellation notice within 60 days after it is in effect. This means that within the first two months of the policy being active, the insurance company has the authority to terminate the policy if they deem it necessary.
15.
Which of these policies is the most common for a residential property
Correct Answer
B. HO-3
Explanation
HO-3 is the most common policy for a residential property. This policy provides coverage for the structure of the home and personal belongings against a wide range of perils, such as fire, theft, and vandalism. It also includes liability coverage in case someone is injured on the property. HO-3 policies typically have higher coverage limits and offer more comprehensive protection compared to other policies like HO-1, HO-5, or HO-8.
16.
What kind of policy is a Business Owner's Policy BOP?
Correct Answer
A. Package
Explanation
A Business Owner's Policy (BOP) is a type of insurance policy that combines multiple coverages into a single package. This package typically includes property insurance, liability insurance, and business interruption insurance. By bundling these coverages together, a BOP offers convenience and cost savings for small businesses.
17.
What does a liability policy cover?
Correct Answer
D. Bodily injury
Explanation
A liability policy covers bodily injury, which means it provides coverage for any harm or injury caused to another person as a result of the insured's actions or negligence. This coverage helps protect the insured from legal and financial consequences that may arise from such injuries, including medical expenses, legal fees, and potential settlements or judgments.
18.
Insurers are required to offer premium discounts if a policyholder has installed which of these?
Correct Answer
C. Hurricane/storm shutters
Explanation
Insurers are required to offer premium discounts if a policyholder has installed hurricane/storm shutters. This is because hurricane/storm shutters provide added protection to the property against severe weather conditions, reducing the risk of damage and potential insurance claims. By installing these shutters, the policyholder demonstrates proactive measures to safeguard their property, which makes them eligible for premium discounts as a reward for mitigating risks.
19.
What type of coverage is always excluded from homeowners and tenants policies?
Correct Answer
A. Flood
Explanation
Flood coverage is always excluded from homeowners and tenants policies. This is because flood damage is typically covered by separate flood insurance policies, as it is considered a high-risk and costly type of damage. Homeowners and tenants policies generally do not provide coverage for flood-related damages, so individuals need to purchase additional flood insurance to protect their property from flood damage.
20.
Which of these policies is a modified version of the basic policy, providing actual cash value coverage in place of replacement cost coverage for a building
Correct Answer
D. HO-8
Explanation
HO-8 is a modified version of the basic policy that provides actual cash value coverage instead of replacement cost coverage for a building. This means that in the event of a covered loss, the insurance company will pay the actual cash value of the damaged property, taking into account depreciation, rather than covering the full cost of replacement. HO-8 policies are typically used for older homes or homes with unique features that may be difficult or expensive to replace.
21.
What does a tax certificate do?
Correct Answer
B. Entitles its holder to apply for a tax deed after a certain period
Explanation
A tax certificate entitles its holder to apply for a tax deed after a certain period. This means that if a property owner has paid all ad valorem taxes on the property for the calendar year, they can obtain a tax certificate which gives them the right to apply for a tax deed. This allows the property owner to potentially gain ownership of the property if the taxes remain unpaid after a specific period of time.
22.
What can a homeowner do who receives a tax bill that she feels is outrageous?
Correct Answer
C. File a complaint with the local board of assessment review
Explanation
If a homeowner receives a tax bill that she feels is outrageous, she can file a complaint with the local board of assessment review. This is a common course of action for homeowners who believe that their property has been overvalued or that the tax assessment is incorrect. By filing a complaint, the homeowner can request a reassessment of the property value or challenge the accuracy of the tax bill. This allows for a fair review of the situation and the possibility of a reduced tax bill if the complaint is successful.
23.
What is the role of local tax districts?
Correct Answer
C. To impose property taxes for specific municipal services
Explanation
Local tax districts have the role of imposing property taxes for specific municipal services. This means that they are responsible for levying taxes on properties within their jurisdiction in order to generate revenue that will be used to fund specific services provided by the municipality. These services can include things like road maintenance, garbage collection, parks and recreation, and public safety. By imposing property taxes, local tax districts are able to collect the necessary funds to meet the budget requirements for these services and ensure their proper functioning.
24.
What is a unique characteristic of a special assessment tax?
Correct Answer
A. It only applies to properties which will benefit from the public improvement
Explanation
A unique characteristic of a special assessment tax is that it only applies to properties which will benefit from the public improvement. This means that only properties that will directly benefit from the improvement, such as a new road or park, will be required to pay the tax. Properties that are not affected by the improvement will be exempt from the tax. This ensures that the tax burden is distributed fairly among the property owners who will benefit from the improvement.
25.
What is the purpose of a homestead tax exemption?
Correct Answer
B. To offer some amount of tax relief on an owner's principal residence
Explanation
The purpose of a homestead tax exemption is to offer some amount of tax relief on an owner's principal residence. This exemption is designed to reduce the property taxes that homeowners have to pay on their primary residence, providing them with financial relief. It is not intended to encourage multiple property investment or to exempt owners of principal residences who rent their properties.
26.
Which of these entities does not receive revenue from property taxes
Correct Answer
D. The state
Explanation
The state does not receive revenue from property taxes. Property taxes are typically collected by local governments such as cities, towns, and school districts to fund local services and infrastructure. The state government, on the other hand, relies on other sources of revenue such as income taxes, sales taxes, and corporate taxes to fund its operations and services.
27.
What are ad valorem taxes based on
Correct Answer
B. The assessed value of property
Explanation
Ad valorem taxes are based on the assessed value of property. This means that the tax amount is calculated based on the value assigned to the property by the local government for tax purposes. The assessed value is usually determined by considering factors such as the property's market value, location, and any improvements made to it. By using the assessed value, the government can levy taxes that are proportional to the value of the property, ensuring that property owners contribute their fair share towards public services and infrastructure.
28.
Who has the burden of proof for an assessment change when a homeowner appeals an assessment?
Correct Answer
C. The homeowner
Explanation
When a homeowner appeals an assessment, the burden of proof falls on the homeowner. This means that the homeowner is responsible for providing evidence and arguments to support their claim that the assessment should be changed. The homeowner must demonstrate that the original assessment was incorrect or unfair in some way. The assessor, tax appraiser, and board of assessment review are not responsible for proving or disproving the homeowner's claim; it is up to the homeowner to present a compelling case for an assessment change.
29.
How is a homeowner's total tax bill derived?
Correct Answer
B. Multiplying each district's tax rate times the assessed value of the owner's property
Explanation
The homeowner's total tax bill is derived by multiplying each district's tax rate by the assessed value of the owner's property. This calculation takes into account the specific tax rates set by each district and the assessed value of the property to determine the amount of taxes owed by the homeowner.
30.
As part of the assessment process, tax entities in NY use an equalization process to do what?
Correct Answer
D. Smooth out wide discrepancies of assessed values within the district
Explanation
The correct answer is to smooth out wide discrepancies of assessed values within the district. This means that the equalization process is used to make sure that properties are assessed fairly and consistently across the district, reducing any significant differences in assessed values. This helps to ensure that property owners are treated fairly and that tax bills are distributed more equitably.
31.
What is the main difference between a condo and a co-op
Correct Answer
B. The form of ownership
Explanation
The main difference between a condo and a co-op is the form of ownership. In a condo, individuals own their individual units and have shared ownership of common areas. In a co-op, individuals own shares in a corporation that owns the entire building, and they lease their individual units from the corporation. This difference in ownership structure affects the rights and responsibilities of the owners and the level of control they have over the property.
32.
Great has owned several condos in the last three years. She lives in them for a couple of months and then sells them for a profit. What is this called?
Correct Answer
C. Flipping
Explanation
The correct answer is "flipping". Flipping refers to the practice of buying a property, usually at a lower price, and then quickly selling it for a profit. In this case, Great buys condos, lives in them for a short period, and then sells them at a higher price, making a profit. This is a common strategy in real estate investing.
33.
Which doc is used to reserve a condo for purchase?
Correct Answer
A. Letter of intent
Explanation
A letter of intent is used to reserve a condo for purchase. This document is typically a non-binding agreement between the buyer and the seller, outlining the buyer's intention to purchase the condo. It serves as a preliminary step before a formal purchase agreement is created. The letter of intent allows the buyer to express their interest in the condo and secure it temporarily while negotiations and due diligence are conducted.
34.
Which of the following is not a possible condo closing cost for a buyer?
Correct Answer
C. Fee for preparing a stock certificate
Explanation
A fee for preparing a stock certificate is not a possible condo closing cost for a buyer because stock certificates are not typically associated with the purchase of a condominium. Condo closing costs typically include expenses such as mansion tax, real property tax put in escrow, and move-in fees, which are more relevant to the purchase of a property. However, the preparation of a stock certificate is more commonly associated with the purchase of stocks or shares in a company, rather than a real estate transaction.
35.
What is a black book?
Correct Answer
D. Offering plan
Explanation
An offering plan refers to a document that outlines the details of a real estate project, including the terms and conditions of the sale, the property's features, and any potential risks or liabilities. It is used to provide potential buyers with all the necessary information to make an informed decision about purchasing a property. The other options mentioned, such as a proprietary lease, an agent's list of clients, or bylaws of a condo, do not accurately describe what a black book is.
36.
What do we call a building that includes condo and coop ownership in the same structure
Correct Answer
C. Condop
Explanation
A condop refers to a building that combines both condominium and cooperative ownership within the same structure. In a condop, some units are individually owned as condominiums, while others are owned as cooperative shares. This means that some residents own their units outright, while others own shares in a cooperative corporation that grants them the right to occupy a specific unit. This hybrid ownership structure allows for different types of ownership and financing options within the same building.
37.
Who approves a prospective purchaser's purchase in a cooperative
Correct Answer
B. Board of directors
Explanation
The board of directors approves a prospective purchaser's purchase in a cooperative. This is because the board of directors is responsible for managing the affairs of the cooperative, including approving new shareholders. They review the prospective purchaser's application and determine if they meet the requirements and qualifications set by the cooperative. The board of directors has the authority to accept or reject the prospective purchaser's application based on their evaluation.
38.
What is the process by which an existing residential property becomes a cooperative or a condominium?
Correct Answer
D. Conversion
Explanation
Conversion is the process by which an existing residential property becomes a cooperative or a condominium. This typically involves changing the ownership structure of the property from a single owner to multiple owners. The conversion process may include legal and financial steps, such as creating a homeowners' association, drafting and filing necessary documents, obtaining approval from local authorities, and transferring ownership to individual unit owners. This allows the property to be divided into separate units that can be individually owned and sold.
39.
Condo common elements can include which?
Correct Answer
A. Elevator
Explanation
Condo common elements refer to the shared areas or facilities within a condominium complex that are owned and maintained by all unit owners collectively. These elements typically include common spaces like hallways, lobbies, and recreational areas, as well as shared utilities and infrastructure. An elevator is a common element because it is a shared amenity that provides access to different floors for all residents. On the other hand, a closet, kitchen equipment, and personal property are not considered common elements as they are typically owned and maintained by individual unit owners.
40.
What is the agreement that outlines the responsibilities between the cooperative cooperation and the lender?
Correct Answer
B. Recognition agreement
Explanation
A recognition agreement is a document that outlines the responsibilities and obligations between a cooperative cooperation and a lender. It establishes the terms and conditions of the relationship between the two parties, including the rights and responsibilities of each party. This agreement is important in ensuring that both the cooperative cooperation and the lender understand their roles and obligations in the financial arrangement.
41.
When dealing with a fixer-upper, which principle of value will not have an effect on the property?
Correct Answer
B. Progression
Explanation
Progression is the principle of value that refers to the increase in value of a property due to the presence of higher-priced properties in the area. In the case of a fixer-upper, the property is typically in a state of disrepair and requires significant renovations. Therefore, the value of the property is not influenced by the progression principle, as it does not have any higher-priced properties in the immediate vicinity to contribute to its value.
42.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of liquidity
Correct Answer
C. Lull in the regularly traded market
Explanation
A "lull in the regularly traded market" is not a characteristic of liquidity because liquidity refers to the ability to buy or sell an asset quickly and easily without significant impact on its price. A lull in the regularly traded market implies a lack of activity or low trading volume, which would make it difficult to quickly buy or sell assets. The other characteristics listed - rapid conversion, minimal loss of value, and ready and willing buyers at all times - all align with the concept of liquidity.
43.
With a 2-to-4 family dwelling as an investment, which of the following expenses would the owner probably not pay for?
Correct Answer
D. Gas
Explanation
The owner of a 2-to-4 family dwelling would probably not pay for gas expenses. This is because gas expenses are typically the responsibility of the tenants, who would be responsible for paying their own gas bills. The owner may be responsible for other expenses such as outside lights, laundry room costs, and water, but gas expenses would likely be the responsibility of the individual tenants.
44.
The government is most likely to pass rental control laws on which kind of property?
Correct Answer
D. Apt building
Explanation
The government is most likely to pass rental control laws on apartment buildings because they are commonly rented out to individuals or families for residential purposes. Rental control laws aim to regulate and protect tenants by setting limits on rent increases, ensuring fair rental agreements, and preventing unjust evictions. These laws are typically implemented in areas where there is a high demand for housing and limited affordable options, which is often the case in urban areas where apartment buildings are prevalent.
45.
Which of the following best defines risk?
Correct Answer
B. The chance of experiencing a loss
Explanation
The correct answer is "the chance of experiencing a loss." This definition accurately captures the concept of risk, which refers to the possibility or probability of facing negative outcomes or losses. It acknowledges that risk involves uncertainty and the potential for adverse consequences.
46.
Which type of retail center is anchored by three or more full-line department stores
Correct Answer
C. Mega mall
Explanation
A mega mall is a type of retail center that is anchored by three or more full-line department stores. This means that the mall has multiple large department stores as its main attractions, which helps draw in a large number of customers. These department stores typically offer a wide range of products and brands, making the mega mall a popular destination for shopping.
47.
Why is investment in land riskier than other forms of investment?
Correct Answer
A. Since there are no improvements, the property cannot be depreciated for tax purposes
Explanation
Investing in land is riskier than other forms of investment because land cannot be depreciated for tax purposes. Depreciation allows investors to deduct the decrease in value of an asset over time, reducing their taxable income. Since land does not have any improvements, such as buildings or structures, it cannot be depreciated. This means that investors cannot take advantage of this tax benefit, potentially reducing their overall returns on the investment.
48.
All of the following are residential properties except?
Correct Answer
C. Motel
Explanation
A motel is not considered a residential property because it is primarily designed for short-term stays, typically for travelers or tourists. In contrast, a duplex, condo, and cooperative are all types of residential properties where people live on a more permanent basis.
49.
What is the concept of using other people's money for investing?
Correct Answer
B. Leverage
Explanation
The concept of using other people's money for investing is known as leverage. Leverage involves borrowing funds or using borrowed capital to make an investment in order to potentially increase the returns. By using leverage, an investor can amplify the potential gains or losses on their investment. This strategy is commonly used in real estate, business acquisitions, and financial markets, where borrowed funds are used to make larger investments and potentially generate higher profits.
50.
Which of these is an advantage of investing in a single-family home
Correct Answer
D. The market for a single family investment home will not be inundated with competitive rentals
Explanation
Investing in a single-family home has the advantage of not facing competition from a large number of rental properties in the market. This means that there will be less competition for tenants, allowing the investor to potentially secure higher rental rates and have a lower risk of vacancies.