RCDD Chapter 16 Data Network Design

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  • 1/137 Questions

    The abbreviation for rack unit is sometimes given as:

    • RA
    • RU
    • UR
    • UofR
Please wait...
About This Quiz

This RCDD Chapter 16 quiz assesses key aspects of data network design, focusing on routing criteria, frame processing, and the role of routers. It evaluates understanding of metrics, datagram processing, and common hardware-software networking components, crucial for network design professionals.

RCDD Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    The software associated with general-purpose servers on a network is called Network Operating System (NOS) software.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because Network Operating System (NOS) software is indeed the software associated with general-purpose servers on a network. NOS software provides the necessary tools and functionalities to manage and control network resources, such as file sharing, printer sharing, security, and user management. It allows multiple computers to communicate and share resources efficiently, making it an essential component of a network infrastructure.

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  • 3. 

    A router may be configured to use both static and dynamic tables

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    A router can be configured to use both static and dynamic tables. Static routing involves manually configuring the routing table, where the network administrator specifies the routes. Dynamic routing, on the other hand, uses protocols such as RIP, OSPF, or BGP to automatically update the routing table based on network changes. By using both static and dynamic tables, the router can have a combination of manually configured routes and routes that are dynamically learned and updated. This allows for more flexibility and control over the routing process.

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  • 4. 

    The objective of the OSI model is to provide a ____________ approach for the development of all types of networks.

    • Structured

    • Practical

    • Varied

    • Efficient

    Correct Answer
    A. Structured
    Explanation
    The objective of the OSI model is to provide a structured approach for the development of all types of networks. This means that the model aims to organize and categorize the different functions and protocols involved in networking in a systematic and logical manner. By providing a structured approach, the OSI model helps ensure that networks are designed and implemented in a consistent and standardized way, making them easier to understand, manage, and troubleshoot.

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  • 5. 

    Video conferencing is bandwidth intense.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Video conferencing requires a significant amount of bandwidth because it involves transmitting and receiving live audio and video data in real-time. This data needs to be sent and received quickly to maintain a smooth and uninterrupted video conference experience. The higher the quality of the audio and video, the more bandwidth is required. Additionally, video conferencing often involves multiple participants, each requiring their own stream of data, further increasing the bandwidth demands. Therefore, it is true that video conferencing is bandwidth intense.

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  • 6. 

    Servers can be classified according to their physical form and size as follows:

    • Tower servers

    • Rack-mount servers

    • Appliance servers

    • Blade servers

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above" because the question is asking for the classification of servers based on their physical form and size. The options provided - tower servers, rack-mount servers, appliance servers, and blade servers - cover all the possible classifications. Therefore, all of these options are correct as they represent different types of servers based on their physical form and size.

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  • 7. 

    What are the three types of messages that most network devices are capable of issuing:

    • Unicast

    • Omnicast

    • Broadcast

    • Narrowcast

    • Multicast

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Unicast
    A. Broadcast
    A. Multicast
    Explanation
    Most network devices are capable of issuing three types of messages: unicast, broadcast, and multicast. Unicast refers to a message sent from one device to another specific device on the network. Broadcast is a message sent from one device to all devices on the network. Multicast is a message sent from one device to a specific group of devices on the network.

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  • 8. 

    Linking the networks located at two or more sites within a city (50 miles) creates a:

    • Wide Area Network (WAN)

    • Local Area Network (LAN)

    • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

    • City Area Network (CAN)

    • Campus Area Network (CAN)

    Correct Answer
    A. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
    Explanation
    A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a network that connects multiple local area networks (LANs) within a city or metropolitan area, typically spanning up to 50 miles. It provides high-speed connectivity and allows for the sharing of resources and data between the connected LANs. In this case, linking the networks located at two or more sites within a city would create a MAN, as it involves connecting LANs within a metropolitan area.

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  • 9. 

    A port on a switch can be described as a ___________ connection

    • Shared

    • Dedicated

    • Balanced

    Correct Answer
    A. Dedicated
    Explanation
    A port on a switch can be described as a dedicated connection because it is exclusively assigned to a single device. This means that the bandwidth and resources of the port are dedicated solely to that device, ensuring a consistent and reliable connection without any interference or competition from other devices.

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  • 10. 

    Email resides at which layer of the OSI model

    • Layer 7

    • Layer 6

    • Layer 5

    • Layer 4

    Correct Answer
    A. Layer 7
    Explanation
    Layer 7 of the OSI model is the application layer. This layer is responsible for providing network services to applications, such as email, file transfer, and web browsing. It interacts directly with the end-user and provides a means for applications to access the network services. Since email is an application that relies on network services, it resides at layer 7 of the OSI model.

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  • 11. 

    Which type of frame processing is the most reliable, but slowest.

    • Cut-through

    • Store-and-forward

    • Modified cut-through

    Correct Answer
    A. Store-and-forward
    Explanation
    Store-and-forward frame processing is the most reliable but slowest method. In this method, the switch receives the entire frame before forwarding it to the destination. It checks the frame for errors, discards any corrupted frames, and only forwards error-free frames. This process ensures that the destination receives the complete and error-free frame, making it the most reliable method. However, because the switch has to wait for the entire frame before forwarding, it introduces additional latency, making it the slowest method compared to cut-through and modified cut-through processing.

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  • 12. 

    Lower layers of the OSI model provide services to upper layers.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The lower layers of the OSI model, such as the physical layer, data link layer, and network layer, are responsible for providing services to the upper layers. These services include establishing and maintaining network connections, managing data transfer, and addressing and routing data packets. The upper layers, such as the transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer, rely on the services provided by the lower layers to ensure efficient and reliable communication across a network. Therefore, the statement that the lower layers of the OSI model provide services to upper layers is true.

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  • 13. 

    A port on a hub is referred to as a ___________ connection

    • Dedicated

    • Shared

    Correct Answer
    A. Shared
    Explanation
    A port on a hub is referred to as a shared connection because in a hub, all the ports are connected to a single shared network. This means that the bandwidth and resources of the network are shared among all the devices connected to the hub. Any data transmitted through one port is broadcasted to all other ports, which can lead to collisions and slower transmission speeds. Therefore, a port on a hub is considered a shared connection.

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  • 14. 

    For an organizational network to support voice applications it must be:

    • Packet switching capable

    • Quality of service (QoS) capable

    • VLAN capable

    • Convergent capable

    Correct Answer
    A. Quality of service (QoS) capable
    Explanation
    For an organizational network to support voice applications, it must be capable of providing quality of service (QoS). QoS ensures that voice traffic is prioritized and given sufficient bandwidth, low latency, and minimal packet loss to maintain a high level of call quality. Without QoS capabilities, voice applications may suffer from poor audio quality, delays, and dropped calls, making it essential for the network to prioritize voice traffic over other types of data. Packet switching, VLAN capability, and convergence are also important for efficient network communication, but QoS is specifically required for supporting voice applications.

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  • 15. 

    A __________ covers an area generally associated with an individual workspace. (33 ft)

    • Personal Area Network (PAN)

    • Local Area Network (LAN)

    • Small Area Network (SAN)

    • Office Area Network (OAN)

    Correct Answer
    A. Personal Area Network (PAN)
    Explanation
    A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a network that covers an area generally associated with an individual workspace. This type of network is designed for personal use and typically includes devices such as computers, smartphones, and tablets that are connected wirelessly or through a wired connection. A PAN allows for communication and data sharing between these devices within a limited range, usually up to 33 feet. This range ensures that the network is confined to the immediate vicinity of the individual's workspace, making PAN the correct answer.

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  • 16. 

    In the OSI  model, each layer provides ________ to the layer above.

    • Communication

    • Services

    • Applications

    • Transportation

    Correct Answer
    A. Services
    Explanation
    In the OSI model, each layer provides services to the layer above. This means that each layer performs specific functions and tasks to support the layer above it in the communication process. These services include protocols, error handling, data encryption, and other functionalities that ensure reliable and secure communication between the layers. By providing services, the layers in the OSI model work together to enable effective communication and data transfer between network devices.

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  • 17. 

    What term is used to describe the device with which a user accesses an organizational network.

    • Switch

    • Station

    • Provider

    • Scanner

    Correct Answer
    A. Station
    Explanation
    A station is the term used to describe the device with which a user accesses an organizational network. This can refer to a computer, laptop, or any other device that allows a user to connect to and access the network. The station acts as an interface between the user and the network, providing access to resources and allowing communication within the organization.

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  • 18. 

    A switch operates at what layer of the OSI model:

    • Physical Layer

    • Transport layer

    • Session layer

    • Data link layer

    Correct Answer
    A. Data link layer
    Explanation
    A switch operates at the data link layer of the OSI model. This layer is responsible for the reliable transmission of data between adjacent network nodes. Switches use MAC addresses to forward data packets within a local area network (LAN). They examine the destination MAC address in the incoming packet and forward it to the appropriate port based on the MAC address table. Therefore, switches operate at the data link layer to provide efficient and reliable data transmission within a network.

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  • 19. 

    Modified versions of desktop PCs have been developed to make networks more secure and easier to administer. A variety of terms are used to describe such stations, including:

    • Thin client

    • Network appliance

    • Managed PC

    • Network computer or Net PC

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The given answer, "All of the above," is correct because all the terms mentioned (thin client, network appliance, managed PC, network computer or Net PC) refer to modified versions of desktop PCs that have been developed to enhance network security and administration. These terms are used interchangeably to describe these stations, indicating that they all fall under the category of modified desktop PCs designed for these purposes.

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  • 20. 

    Which type of design is referred to as a top down design

    • Physical design

    • Functional design

    Correct Answer
    A. Functional design
    Explanation
    Functional design is referred to as a top-down design because it starts with the overall system or product and then breaks it down into smaller components or modules. This approach focuses on understanding the desired functionality and requirements of the system before diving into the details of how it will be implemented. It allows for a systematic and structured approach to designing complex systems, where the high-level design decisions are made first and then refined and detailed at lower levels. This helps ensure that the final design aligns with the intended functionality and goals of the system.

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  • 21. 

    In unicast messaging, each message is addressed to how many recipients:

    • 1

    • All devices

    • A select number of devices

    Correct Answer
    A. 1
    Explanation
    In unicast messaging, each message is addressed to only one recipient. Unicast is a one-to-one communication model, where a message is sent from a sender to a specific receiver. Unlike broadcast or multicast messaging, unicast messaging ensures that the message is delivered to a single device or recipient. Therefore, the correct answer is 1.

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  • 22. 

    The layers in the OSI model are commonly described as being connected to each other in vertical form, also called a _____________.

    • Patch

    • Protocol sleeve

    • Protocol stack

    • Protocol layer

    Correct Answer
    A. Protocol stack
    Explanation
    The layers in the OSI model are commonly described as being connected to each other in vertical form, also called a protocol stack. A protocol stack refers to a set of protocols that work together to provide network services. Each layer in the stack performs specific functions and interacts with the layers above and below it to ensure efficient communication between network devices.

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  • 23. 

    What approach does the OSI model use to illustrate and explain the message exchange process?

    • Filtering

    • Signaling

    • Layering

    • Dividing

    Correct Answer
    A. Layering
    Explanation
    The OSI model uses the approach of layering to illustrate and explain the message exchange process. Layering involves dividing the communication process into different layers, each responsible for specific functions. This allows for a modular and organized approach to network communication, where each layer builds upon the services provided by the layer below it. Layering helps in understanding and troubleshooting the communication process by isolating and addressing issues at specific layers, making it easier to comprehend and manage complex network systems.

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  • 24. 

    IETF stands for

    • International Engineering Task Force

    • Internet Engineering Task Force

    • Internal Electrical Task Force

    Correct Answer
    A. Internet Engineering Task Force
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Internet Engineering Task Force." The IETF is an open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers that develops and promotes Internet standards. It is responsible for the development and maintenance of protocols, such as TCP/IP, that are fundamental to the functioning of the Internet. The organization focuses on creating and improving standards through a consensus-driven process that involves working groups, meetings, and discussions among its members.

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  • 25. 

    What is the objective of the OSI model?

    • Provide a group of protocols that make communications between computers possible.

    • Provide a framework for the development of protocols

    • Provide a series of tests that must be passed for network communication

    • Provide a structured approach for the development of all types of networks

    Correct Answer
    A. Provide a structured approach for the development of all types of networks
    Explanation
    The objective of the OSI model is to provide a structured approach for the development of all types of networks. This means that the model serves as a guideline or framework for designing, implementing, and maintaining network architectures. It helps in organizing the various components of a network, such as protocols, hardware, and software, into distinct layers, which simplifies the process of network development and allows for interoperability between different systems. The OSI model does not directly provide protocols or tests for network communication, but rather offers a conceptual framework for their development.

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  • 26. 

    Who oversees internet naming and addressing

    • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

    • Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)

    • Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

    • Internet Research Steering Group (IRSG)

    Correct Answer
    A. Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
    Explanation
    ICANN is responsible for overseeing internet naming and addressing. They manage and coordinate the Domain Name System (DNS), which is the system that translates domain names into IP addresses. ICANN also plays a crucial role in assigning unique identifiers and managing the allocation of IP addresses and top-level domains. They work to ensure the stability and security of the internet's naming and addressing systems, as well as promote competition and choice in the domain name market.

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  • 27. 

    The technologies used in switching have also been applied to ________, resulting in devices called layer 3 switches.

    • Hubs

    • NICs

    • Routers

    • Gateways

    Correct Answer
    A. Routers
    Explanation
    The technologies used in switching, such as packet switching and routing, have also been applied to routers. Routers are devices that connect multiple networks and make decisions on how to route data packets between them. They operate at the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI model and use routing tables to determine the best path for data transmission. Layer 3 switches, on the other hand, combine the features of both switches and routers, allowing for efficient and fast data forwarding based on IP addresses.

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  • 28. 

    Which type of message is sent to all devices:

    • Unicast

    • Broadcast

    • Multicast

    Correct Answer
    A. Broadcast
    Explanation
    Broadcast messages are sent to all devices on a network. This means that the message is broadcasted to every device in the network, regardless of their location or specific address. It is a one-to-all communication method, where the sender does not need to know the specific address of each device. Broadcast messages are commonly used for tasks such as network discovery, updates, or announcements that need to reach all devices simultaneously.

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  • 29. 

    In video conferencing what is the role of the gatekeeper

    • Manage videoconferencing sessions involving 3 or more participants

    • Manage videoconferencing-related operations on a network

    • Manage videoconferencing applications

    Correct Answer
    A. Manage videoconferencing-related operations on a network
    Explanation
    The gatekeeper in video conferencing is responsible for managing videoconferencing-related operations on a network. This includes tasks such as controlling access to the network, managing bandwidth allocation, and ensuring the quality of the video conferencing sessions. The gatekeeper acts as a central point of control and coordination, facilitating the smooth operation of video conferencing sessions and optimizing network resources.

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  • 30. 

    Which type of frame processing is the fastest, but least reliable.

    • Store and forward

    • Cut-through

    • Modified cut-through

    Correct Answer
    A. Cut-through
    Explanation
    Cut-through frame processing is the fastest method as it starts forwarding the frame as soon as the destination address is received, without waiting for the complete frame. However, it is also the least reliable method as it doesn't perform any error checking before forwarding the frame. This means that if there are any errors in the frame, they will be propagated to the destination, potentially causing data corruption.

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  • 31. 

    A standard equipment rack with 42U capacity can contain how many servers

    • 150

    • 168

    • 172

    • 178

    Correct Answer
    A. 168
    Explanation
    A standard equipment rack with 42U capacity can contain 168 servers. Each U (unit) in the rack can accommodate one server, therefore, multiplying the number of U's (42) by the number of servers per U (1), we get a total of 42 servers.

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  • 32. 

    Routers operate at which layer of the OSI

    • Layer 2

    • Layer 3

    • Layer 4

    • Layer 5

    Correct Answer
    A. Layer 3
    Explanation
    Routers operate at Layer 3 of the OSI model, also known as the network layer. This layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing of data packets across different networks. Routers use IP addresses to determine the best path for forwarding data packets from the source to the destination network. They make decisions based on network layer information, such as IP addresses, to direct traffic between different networks. Therefore, routers operate at Layer 3 to facilitate inter-network communication.

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  • 33. 

    What layer of the OSI model do routers operate at:

    • Network layer

    • Data link layer

    • Transport layer

    • Session layer

    Correct Answer
    A. Network layer
    Explanation
    Routers operate at the network layer of the OSI model. The network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing of data packets between different networks. Routers use this layer to determine the best path for forwarding data packets based on the destination IP address. They make decisions about which route to take and how to handle traffic congestion. Therefore, routers operate at the network layer to facilitate communication between different networks.

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  • 34. 

    On a hub, all ports connect to a ________ communication channel.

    • Single

    • Seperate

    Correct Answer
    A. Single
    Explanation
    On a hub, all ports connect to a single communication channel. This means that all the devices connected to the hub share the same channel for communication. Unlike switches or routers, hubs do not have the capability to direct traffic to specific ports based on the destination address. Instead, they simply broadcast all incoming data to all connected devices. Therefore, a hub operates on a single communication channel, allowing all devices to communicate with each other on the same channel.

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  • 35. 

    What distributes all incoming and outgoing message traffic among the aggregated NICs in a server.

    • Load clustering

    • Load switching

    • Load balancing

    • Load maximizing

    Correct Answer
    A. Load balancing
    Explanation
    Load balancing is the process of evenly distributing incoming and outgoing message traffic among the aggregated NICs (Network Interface Cards) in a server. This ensures that the workload is efficiently distributed across multiple network connections, preventing any single NIC from becoming overwhelmed. Load balancing helps to optimize performance, enhance fault tolerance, and improve overall network efficiency.

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  • 36. 

    Which standard associated with VoIP addresses coding and compression and converting speech into a 64 kb/s data stream

    • G.521

    • G.642

    • G.711

    • G.802

    Correct Answer
    A. G.711
    Explanation
    G.711 is the correct answer because it is a standard associated with VoIP that addresses coding and compression. It specifically focuses on converting speech into a 64 kb/s data stream, which is important for maintaining the quality of voice communication over IP networks. G.521, G.642, and G.802 are not relevant to the specific requirements mentioned in the question.

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  • 37. 

    The NIC connects a station to what:

    • HUB

    • Switch

    • Network medium

    • Access point

    Correct Answer
    A. Network medium
    Explanation
    The NIC (Network Interface Card) connects a station to the network medium. The network medium refers to the physical infrastructure that allows data to be transmitted between devices, such as cables or wireless signals. The NIC acts as the interface between the station and the network medium, enabling the transmission and reception of data. It provides the necessary hardware and software components to establish a connection and communicate with other devices on the network.

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  • 38. 

    ONU stands for:

    • Outside Network Unit

    • Optical Networking Unit

    • Original Network Unit

    • Optical Network Unit

    Correct Answer
    A. Optical Network Unit
    Explanation
    ONU stands for Optical Network Unit. This is a device used in fiber optic communication systems to convert optical signals into electrical signals. It is typically used in passive optical networks (PONs) to connect end-user devices to the network. The ONU receives the optical signal from the central office and converts it into an electrical signal that can be used by the connected device. Therefore, Optical Network Unit is the correct answer.

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  • 39. 

    The hardware component that connects a station to the network medium is called:

    • Tap

    • NIC

    • Modem

    • Switch

    Correct Answer
    A. NIC
    Explanation
    A NIC (Network Interface Card) is the hardware component that connects a station (such as a computer or device) to the network medium. It allows the station to send and receive data over the network. A NIC is typically installed inside the station and provides the necessary physical connection to the network medium, such as Ethernet cables. It acts as an interface between the station and the network, enabling communication and data transfer.

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  • 40. 

    MAC addresses are ______ bits in length ( ____ hex digits)

    • 24 bits, 6 hex digits

    • 48 bits, 12 hex digits

    • 36 bits, 9 hex digits

    • 12 bits, 3 hex digits

    Correct Answer
    A. 48 bits, 12 hex digits
    Explanation
    MAC addresses are unique identifiers assigned to network devices. They consist of 48 bits in length, which is equivalent to 12 hex digits. Hex digits are used to represent the 16 possible values (0-9, A-F) in a single digit, making it a convenient way to express the MAC address. Therefore, the correct answer is 48 bits, 12 hex digits.

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  • 41. 

    A _______ covers an area generally associated with some or all of the space within a building.

    • Personal Area Network (PAN)

    • Local Area Network (LAN)

    • Small Area Network (SAN)

    • Building Area Network (BAN)

    Correct Answer
    A. Local Area Network (LAN)
    Explanation
    A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that covers an area generally associated with some or all of the space within a building. It is a network that connects computers and devices within a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or school building. LANs are commonly used to share resources, such as files and printers, and to provide internet access to multiple devices.

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  • 42. 

    What two types of design processes are required to produce a comprehensive set of designs for a proposed network.

    • Functional

    • Fundamental

    • Active

    • Physical

    • Hardware

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Functional
    A. Physical
    Explanation
    To produce a comprehensive set of designs for a proposed network, two types of design processes are required: functional and physical. The functional design process involves determining the network's requirements, functionalities, and how it will meet the intended purpose. On the other hand, the physical design process focuses on the actual implementation of the network, including the hardware, cabling, and physical layout. Both these design processes are crucial in ensuring that the network meets all the functional requirements while also being feasible and practical to implement.

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  • 43. 

    The higher the latency, the higher the rated performance of the port or switch.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The lower the latency, the higher the rated performance

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  • 44. 

    What can be described as the equivalent of link aggregation using two or more servers.

    • Switching

    • Load balancing

    • Clustering

    • Backing up

    Correct Answer
    A. Clustering
    Explanation
    Clustering can be described as the equivalent of link aggregation using two or more servers. Clustering involves combining multiple servers into a single system, allowing them to work together and share resources. This increases the overall performance, reliability, and availability of the system. Similarly, link aggregation combines multiple network links to create a single, high-bandwidth connection. Both techniques aim to improve performance and redundancy by pooling resources together.

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  • 45. 

    Which architecture standard applies to aWireless LAN (WLAN) Working Groupa

    • 802.11

    • 802.15

    • 802.4

    • 802.6

    • 802.10

    Correct Answer
    A. 802.11
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 802.11. This is because 802.11 is the standard that applies to Wireless LAN (WLAN) technology. It specifies the protocols and procedures for wireless communication in a local area network. The other options, such as 802.15, 802.4, 802.6, and 802.10, are standards that apply to different types of networks or technologies, but not specifically to WLAN.

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  • 46. 

    Which architecture standard applies to aWireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)a Working Groups

    • 802.11

    • 802.15

    • 802.5

    • 802.7

    • 802.16

    Correct Answer
    A. 802.15
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 802.15. The 802.15 standard applies to Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Working Groups. This standard specifically focuses on short-range wireless communication technologies, such as Bluetooth and Zigbee, which are commonly used in personal devices and home automation systems. It defines the physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer specifications for WPANs, ensuring interoperability and efficient communication between devices in a small area.

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  • 47. 

    What are the two types of routing tables used by a router.

    • Administered tables

    • Static tables

    • Variable tables

    • Dynamic tables

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Static tables
    A. Dynamic tables
    Explanation
    The two types of routing tables used by a router are static tables and dynamic tables. Static tables are manually configured by the network administrator and do not change unless modified by the administrator. They are suitable for small networks with stable routes. Dynamic tables, on the other hand, are automatically updated based on information received from neighboring routers using routing protocols. They are suitable for larger networks where routes can change frequently.

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  • 48. 

    What is a combination of hardware and software, typically in the form of a specialized device:

    • Switch

    • Bridge

    • Router

    • Gateway

    Correct Answer
    A. Router
    Explanation
    A router is a combination of hardware and software that is typically in the form of a specialized device. It is used to connect multiple networks together and direct data packets between them. Routers use routing tables and protocols to determine the best path for data transmission. They are commonly used in homes and businesses to connect to the internet and create local area networks (LANs). Routers are essential for efficient and secure data communication between different networks.

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  • 49. 

    Which recommendation (nonzero dispersion shifted optical fiber) was introduced in the early 1990's, optimized for emerging dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM) applications.

    • ITU-T Recommendation G.452

    • ITU-T Recommendation G.655

    • ITU-T Recommendation G.523

    • ITU-T Recommendation G.711

    Correct Answer
    A. ITU-T Recommendation G.655
    Explanation
    ITU-T Recommendation G.655 was introduced in the early 1990s and was optimized for emerging dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM) applications. This recommendation specifically focuses on nonzero dispersion shifted optical fiber, which is designed to minimize the effects of dispersion in high-speed optical communication systems. By reducing dispersion, G.655 fiber allows for higher data transmission rates and increased capacity in DWDM systems, making it an ideal choice for the evolving telecommunications industry in the 1990s.

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