Quiz No. 1 (I.T. Fundamentals)

The correct answer is hardware. Hardware refers to the physical electronic data processing devices and tangible parts that constitute the computer system. It includes components such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and other peripherals. These physical components are necessary for the computer to function and process data. Software, on the other hand, refers to the programs and instructions that run on the hardware to perform specific tasks.

Data processing refers to the manipulation and transformation of raw data into a more meaningful and useful format. This involves various tasks such as data entry, validation, sorting, summarizing, and analysis. By processing the data, it becomes easier to extract insights and make informed decisions. Therefore, data processing is the correct answer as it accurately describes the process of transforming data into the desired output.

The term "procedure" refers to a set of instructions or steps that need to be followed in order to achieve a desired outcome. It is a systematic way of doing something and provides a structured approach to accomplish a task. In the context of the given options, "procedure" best fits the description of how things are done and the steps required to achieve a result.

Sorting is the process of arranging data in a specific order, such as from first to last, biggest to smallest, or oldest to newest. It involves rearranging the elements of a collection in a logical sequence based on a certain criterion. This can be useful for organizing and analyzing data, making it easier to search for specific information or identify patterns. Therefore, sorting is the correct answer as it accurately describes the process of arranging data in a logical sequence.

Software refers to the program or set of instructions that enable the computer system to operate effectively. It is the non-tangible part of a computer system that includes the operating system, applications, and other programs that are necessary for the computer to perform specific tasks. Unlike hardware, which refers to the physical components of a computer system, software is intangible and can be easily modified or updated. Liveware refers to the human operators or users of the computer system, and procedure refers to a series of steps or instructions to accomplish a specific task. Therefore, the correct answer is software.

Real-time processing refers to a method of data processing that immediately responds within a matter of seconds. Unlike batch processing, which processes data in large batches at scheduled intervals, real-time processing allows for immediate processing and response to incoming data. This is particularly useful in applications where immediate action or feedback is required, such as online transactions or monitoring systems. Real-time processing ensures that data is processed and acted upon in real-time, allowing for timely decision-making and efficient operations.

A manual system refers to a type of data processing where all the operations, including data gathering and output preparations, are performed by humans without the assistance of any machine. In this system, tasks are carried out manually, such as writing, calculating, and organizing data. This approach may be used when the volume of data is small, or when technology is not available or not cost-effective.

The correct answer is "input". In the context of data processing, "input" refers to the act of capturing or obtaining original data and placing it into the data processing system. This step is essential as it provides the raw data that will be processed and transformed into meaningful information. Without proper input, the data processing system would have nothing to work with.

Liveware refers to the people involved in data processing operations. In the context of this question, hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, procedure refers to a sequence of steps to be followed, and software refers to the programs and applications that run on a computer. However, liveware specifically focuses on the human element, highlighting the importance of individuals in the data processing process.

A computer engineer is responsible for designing computer systems that incorporate the latest technology and development practices to ensure fast and efficient use. They work on various aspects of computer systems, including hardware and software, to create systems that meet the needs of users. They may also be involved in researching and developing new technologies to improve computer systems. Overall, a computer engineer plays a crucial role in designing and optimizing computer systems for optimal performance.

A personal computer can be automatic, digital, and high speed, but being complex is not a characteristic that defines a personal computer. Personal computers can range from simple to complex depending on their specifications and capabilities.

Batch processing is a method of data processing where a series of jobs or tasks are grouped together and processed as a batch. It is also known as stacked job processing and is the most basic and simplest method of data processing. In batch processing, data is collected over a period of time and processed in bulk at a later time. This method is commonly used for tasks that do not require immediate processing or real-time interaction with users.

The abacus is one of the earliest devices used for arithmetic calculations. It has been historically used by the Chinese, Japanese, and Romans. However, there is no evidence to suggest that Malaysians used the abacus in ancient times. Therefore, the correct answer is Malaysians.

A system analyst is responsible for studying the requirements of the company's computer-based applications, specifying their design, and developing appropriate systems documentation. They analyze the existing systems and processes, gather user requirements, and propose solutions to improve efficiency and effectiveness. They work closely with stakeholders, including end-users and developers, to ensure that the system meets the needs of the organization. System analysts also play a crucial role in identifying and resolving any issues or problems that may arise during the development and implementation of computer-based applications.

Distributed processing is the correct answer because it involves remote terminals connected to a central computer. This method allows users to conduct inquiries and perform data processing operations. It is considered the most complex method as it involves the coordination and communication between multiple devices and systems.

Batch processing is a method of processing data where multiple computer programs are executed sequentially without the need for human intervention. This allows for efficient processing of large volumes of data as the programs can be scheduled to run automatically, one after another. Unlike online processing or real-time processing where immediate response is required, batch processing is suitable for tasks that can be completed in the background without the need for immediate user interaction. Distributed processing, on the other hand, refers to the use of multiple computers or processors to perform a task simultaneously, which is different from the sequential nature of batch processing.

The given statement is incorrect because computers can process jobs expressed in an infinite number of steps. Computers are capable of executing complex algorithms and calculations that can involve a large number of steps. They can handle tasks that require repetitive calculations or iterations, making them capable of processing jobs expressed in an infinite number of steps.

The given description mentions that the person reviews and analyzes software, determines the best configuration for installation, evaluates and changes existing systems, and designs programming standards and operating procedures. This role involves working with systems software and programming, which aligns with the responsibilities of a System Programmer.

A key driven system is the correct answer because it suggests that the work is primarily done by humans, with some assistance from a machine. The term "key driven" implies that humans are using keys or buttons to input information or control the machine, indicating a manual process with limited automation. This aligns with the description provided in the question where the majority of work is performed by humans and only some assistance is provided by a machine.

A key driven system refers to a method of data processing where input is provided by pressing specific keys or buttons on a keyboard or keypad. This type of system is commonly used in devices such as cash registers, ATMs, or point-of-sale systems. It is considered another name for mechanical data processing because it involves the manual input of data through physical keys or buttons, rather than using electronic or automated methods.