Quiz 4/5: Cognitive Distortions And Stress
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The last quiz of the course- congratulations!
- 1.Cognitive distortions are said to especially affect which mental condition?
- A.
Schizophrenia.
- B.
Clinical Depression.
- C.
Bipolar Disorder.
- D.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
- E.
Anorexia Nervosa.
- 2.Choose the distortion that is best exemplified by this statement:"I forgot to put a period in that essay; I will never get a passing grade!"
- A.
Magnification.
- B.
Personalization.
- C.
Emotional reasoning.
- D.
Disqualifying the positive.
- E.
Mind reading.
- 3.Overton, Taggart and Bagshaw add to Dr. Burns' cognitive distortion theory by offering a hypothetical model for the development of depressive symptoms. The suggested pathway is:
- A.
Cognitive distortion> Self-disgust> Depression
- B.
Pessimism> Negative thinking> Period of acceptance> Negative thinking> Depression
- C.
Self-disgust> Negative interpretive bias> Maintain cognitive distortions> Further cognitive distortions > Negative thinking cycle> Depression
- D.
Negative interpretive bias> Cognitive distortions developed> Depression
- E.
Negative thinking cycle> Negative interpretive bias> Cognitive distortions> Depression
- 4.There are a large number of cognitive distortions associated with perfectionism. These distortions are said to contribute most to which disorder?
- A.
Panic Disorder.
- B.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.
- C.
Bipolar Disorder.
- D.
Somatization Disorder.
- E.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
- 5.
- A.
Individual thought, thoughts in a group, changing behaviour, changing cognitive distortions and group therapy.
- B.
Cognitive distortions, destructive thinking, changing thoughts, changing attitude and reflection.
- C.
Identification of the disorder, management of symptoms, pharmaceuticals, modifying behaviour and modifying thoughts.
- D.
Practical problems, maladjusted thinking, changing the emotions of the patient, changing physical symptoms and modifying behaviour.
- E.
Cognitive distortions, management of symptoms, changing the emotions of the patient, pharmaceuticals and reflection.
- 6.Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is often tied to cognitive distortions. In a study by Rheaume, Freeston, Dugas, Letarte and Ladouceur, they examined the relationship between OCD and a number of constructs. Which of these constructs was/were found to be moderately related to OCD?
- A.
Responsibility.
- B.
Perfection.
- C.
Conscientiousness.
- D.
Both A and C.
- E.
Both A and B.
- 7.
- A.
Overgeneralization.
- B.
Mental filter.
- C.
Magnification.
- D.
Emotional reasoning.
- E.
Personalization.
- 8.
- A.
Labeling.
- B.
Mental filter.
- C.
Emotional reasoning.
- D.
Personalization.
- E.
Jumping to conclusions.
- 9.Multiple cognitive distortions can come into play in one scenario but for the following scenario, please choose ONE cognitive distortion that best describes the person's thinking.Paul was meeting a new group of people that were friends of his current friends. They went out for a couple of hours to watch a basketball game and go bowling. One person from the group commented that Paul was one of the nicest people he had ever met and everyone agreed. Paul became uncomfortable and kept repeating, "Stop it you guys. I am not that nice!"
- A.
Mental filter.
- B.
Labeling.
- C.
Magnification.
- D.
Minimization.
- E.
Emotional reasoning.
- 10.
- A.
Magnification.
- B.
Minimization.
- C.
Should statements.
- D.
Mental filter.
- E.
Labeling.
- 11.
- A.
Overgeneralization.
- B.
Personalization.
- C.
Emotional reasoning.
- D.
Minimization.
- E.
Mental filter.
- 12.Stress is defined as:
- A.
A state of mind where a person worries excessively.
- B.
A physiological response to an acute and harmful situation.
- C.
The failure to respond to an event appropriately.
- D.
A feeling induced by the inability to cope with cognitive distortions.
- E.
The process that organisms go through as they perceive and respond to events that are seen as harmful, threatening or challenging.
- 13.The flight or flight response model of stress was suggested by Walter Cannon. He reasoned that exposure to prolonged stress could cause physiological and emotional problems. What biological system did Cannon believe to be responsible for the physiological and emotional responses?
- A.
Sympathetic nervous system.
- B.
Parasympathetic nervous system.
- C.
Endocrine system.
- D.
Both A and C.
- E.
All of the above.
- 14.The General Adaptation Syndrome process conceptualized by Hans Selyes has been criticized because:
- A.
It does not consider the relationship between environmental factors and physiology.
- B.
It is limited in its inclusion of psychological factors.
- C.
It fails to explain the non-uniform nature of stress responses between individuals.
- D.
Both B and C.
- E.
All of the above.
- 15.Adrian is a single parent trying to raise 3 children after his wife died last year. He noticed money was getting difficult to budget after his wife’s passing and tried to cope by taking on an additional part-time job. Adrian was out of the house from 7:30 A.M. to 7:00 P.M. when he was working double shifts. He coped well for 6 months by keeping organized and planning his weeks so that he would have one whole day to spend with his children and so that his breaks coordinated with his children's pick up time from school. Lately, he has been feeling run down and is starting to worry that he won’t be able to maintain this lifestyle for much longer. He notices that he is catching a lot more colds this season.Adrian is currently at what stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
- A.
Alarm.
- B.
Resistance.
- C.
Exhaustion.
- D.
Adrian currently exhibits all 3 stages.
- E.
His stressor was acutely induced, therefore this model is inappropriate.
- 16.In the Cognitive Transactional Model there are three kinds of appraisal. In primary appraisal you can subdivide appraisals into 3 possible meanings. Which of these possible meanings is appropriate to Joan’s situation?Joan is delivering flowers to her friend who just had a baby. When she arrives she is told that the hospital does not allow any plant material into the building in order to remain allergen free. Joan is unfazed by this information and tosses the bouquet. She whips out her wallet and buys a stuffed animal in the gift shop instead.
- A.
Irrelevant.
- B.
Positive.
- C.
Stressful.
- D.
All of the above.
- E.
None of the above.
- 17." The mind is its own place and in itself can make a Heav'n of Hell, a Hell of Heav'n." - John Milton, Paradise Lost"[...] for there is nothing ever good or bad but thinking makes it so." - William Shakespeare, Hamlet (II, ii, 1350)These above quotations reflect which concept?
- A.
Walter Cannon's flight or fight response.
- B.
The subjective experience of stress and how it is affected by individuals' appraisal of their environment.
- C.
Han Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome in explaining how a physiological response is organized in response to a stressor.
- D.
The idea that people who take on too many tasks feel more stress than those that abstain from such activity.
- E.
Resilience describes a "class of phenomena characterized by good outcomes in spite of serious threats to adaptation or development."
- 18.According to Lazarus and Folkman, the level of stress that a person experiences will depend on:
- A.
The effort used to cope with the stress.
- B.
The level of physiological arousal.
- C.
The level of psychological arousal.
- D.
The individual's cognitive appraisal.
- E.
All of the above.
- 19.A famous study about stress had college students watching a film that showed gruesome tribal initiation rites. Students were divided into groups before watching the film. One group heard an intellectual anthropological description of the rites. This groups experienced significantly less stress than another group that heard a description which emphasized the pain and trauma experienced during the rites.What stress concept is being illustrated by the group differences in this study?
- A.
The flight or fight response.
- B.
Alarm.
- C.
Primary appraisal.
- D.
Secondary apprasal.
- E.
Reappraisal.
- 20.Five thousand years ago a human hunter walked around a hill and encountered a large wolf feasting on a freshly killed deer. The wolf assumed an aggressive stance. Without the opportunity to flee, the hunter's heart beat faster, his pupils dilated and his blood pressure rose. The hunter gripped his spear tightly and held it aimed at the wolf. "My ancestors will watch over me," he thought. Suddenly 'the wolf turned and walked away. Perhaps it was intimidated? Relieved, the hunter slumped to the ground in exhaustion.Which of the following was not illustrated by the above vignette?
- A.
Walter Cannon's flight or fight response.
- B.
The General Adaptation Syndrome's alarm phase.
- C.
The General Adaptation Syndrome's exhaustion phase.
- D.
The primary appraisal process.
- E.
The secondary appraisal process.
- 21.Selye would like consider the problems of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, bronchial asthma and increased risk of infection to be:
- A.
Diseases of exhaustion.
- B.
Diseases of survival.
- C.
Diseases of adaptation.
- D.
Diseases of resistance.
- E.
Diseases of the psyche.
- 22."Coping consists of efforts, both action-oriented and intrapsychic, to manage environmental and internal demands and conflicts among them."What are the implications of this definition of coping?
- A.
The definition encompasses a great many actions and reactions to stressful circumstances.
- B.
Coping is an ability that is infrequently possessed by the few individuals who can exert both actions and reactions.
- C.
As the phrase "conflicts among them" suggests, the relationship between coping and a stressful event is a dynamic process.
- D.
A and C are correct.
- E.
All of the above are correct.
- 23.Masten wrote that current research about resilience (especially in development) suggests that:
- A.
Individuals can be considered resilient if there has never been a significant threat to their development.
- B.
Resilence emerges from ordinary processes and adaptive systems, such as good parenting.
- C.
Children who overcome adversity are remarkably special.
- D.
Options A and B are correct.
- E.
Options A and C are correct.
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