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The correct answer is "Tester, Test manager, Test leader, None of the above". This is because all of these roles are involved in the testing of a component or system. A tester is responsible for executing test cases and reporting defects. A test manager oversees the testing process and ensures that it is carried out effectively. A test leader leads a team of testers and coordinates testing activities. "None of the above" is also a valid answer as there may be other roles or titles that are involved in testing but are not listed in the options provided.

The correct answer is "Test manager." The test manager is the individual who is responsible for directing, controlling, administering, planning, and regulating the evaluation of the test object. They oversee the entire testing process and ensure that it is carried out effectively and efficiently. They coordinate with the testers, who are responsible for executing the tests, and may also work in collaboration with other stakeholders such as developers and project managers. The test manager plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality of the test object and the success of the testing effort.

The correct answer is "All above". This means that all of the mentioned roles (test leader, tester, and test manager) are responsible for estimating the testing to be done and negotiating with management to acquire the necessary resources. Each role plays a different part in the testing process and contributes to the overall success of the testing effort.

The correct answer is "Test leader, Tester, a & b, None of the above." This answer suggests that the summary report on test status can be written by the test leader, the tester, both the test leader and the tester, or none of the above. It implies that there are multiple possible roles or combinations of roles that can be responsible for writing the summary report on test status.

The correct answer is Tester, Test manager, Test leader, None of the above. This is because all of these roles are involved in executing and logging the test, evaluating the result, and documenting any problems found. The tester is responsible for actually performing the test, while the test manager and test leader oversee the testing process and ensure that it is carried out effectively. None of the above refers to the possibility that none of these roles are involved in the given activities.

The test strategies that you choose will have a significant impact on testing effort, test plan, quality, and entry criteria. The selection of appropriate test strategies will determine how much effort is required for testing, the effectiveness of the test plan, the overall quality of the product being tested, and the criteria that need to be met for the product to be considered ready for testing or release.

The answer is "All above" because all the options mentioned (Test level, Test plan, Test strategy) are linked to the responsibilities in a project. Test level refers to the level at which testing is performed (e.g., unit testing, integration testing, system testing). Test plan outlines the approach, objectives, and scope of testing. Test strategy defines the overall testing approach and techniques to be used. Therefore, all these components are interconnected and contribute to the responsibilities in a project.

The given question is asking for a high-level description of the test level to be performed. The options provided are test strategy, test approach, test plan, and test data. All of these options are relevant to describing the test level. Test strategy refers to the overall approach and objectives of testing. Test approach refers to the specific methods and techniques used for testing. Test plan outlines the scope, schedule, and resources for testing. Test data refers to the input values used for testing. Therefore, any of these options can be considered a high-level description of the test level to be performed.

The given question does not provide enough information to determine the correct answer. It is unclear what type of technique involves analyzing metrics from past projects and industry data. Without further context, it is not possible to provide an explanation for the correct answer.

The choice of test approaches or strategies is a powerful factor in the success of test effort, test execution, test data, and test item. This means that selecting the right approach or strategy for these aspects of testing can greatly impact the overall success of the testing process. It is important to carefully consider and plan these factors to ensure that the testing is effective and efficient.

Exploratory testing is both a static and dynamic strategy. Static because it involves analyzing the software without executing it, such as reviewing the code or documentation. Dynamic because it also involves executing the software and observing its behavior in real-time. This combination allows testers to uncover both obvious and hidden defects, making it a comprehensive approach to testing.

Writing a test plan is essential because it helps us identify potential challenges and problems that may arise during the testing process. By outlining the plan, we are forced to think critically about the project, consider different scenarios, and prioritize important topics. This ensures that we are well-prepared and focused on addressing any issues that may arise, ultimately leading to a more efficient and effective testing process.

The test plan includes the scope of the testing, which defines what will be tested and what will not be tested. It also includes the approach, which outlines the testing techniques and strategies to be used. The resources and schedule section of the test plan specifies the necessary resources, such as tools and personnel, and the timeline for executing the testing activities. Therefore, all of the given options - scope, approach, resources, and schedule - are included in the test plan.

Non-functional quality characteristics refer to the aspects of a system that are not directly related to its functionality, such as performance, reliability, usability, and security. These characteristics are crucial for ensuring that the system meets the expectations and requirements of its users. Testing efforts are influenced by these non-functional quality characteristics because they require specific testing techniques and strategies to evaluate and verify them. Therefore, it is true that the importance of non-functional quality characteristics influences the testing efforts.

The statement suggests that people play a crucial role in executing the testing process, and therefore their factors have an impact on the effort required for testing. This implies that the skills, experience, and involvement of individuals involved in testing can influence the effectiveness and efficiency of the testing effort. Therefore, the statement is true.

The statement is true because performance test environment acquisition & configuration is indeed an activity that takes place in the test implementation phase. During this phase, the necessary hardware, software, and network resources are acquired and configured to create the performance test environment. This environment is crucial for conducting performance tests and evaluating the system's performance under different conditions. Therefore, it is an important activity in the test implementation phase.

The statement suggests that an independent tester does not report their results honestly to senior management. The correct answer is False because an independent tester is expected to provide unbiased and objective feedback, regardless of their reporting structure. It is essential for testers to communicate their findings accurately to ensure the quality and reliability of the product being tested.

Dynamic test strategies do focus on the test execution period. These strategies involve executing tests, analyzing the results, and making adjustments to the testing approach based on the feedback received during the execution phase. The goal of dynamic testing is to identify defects and validate the behavior of the system under test, which requires active involvement during the test execution period. Therefore, the statement that dynamic test strategies do not focus on the test execution period is incorrect.

An independent tester can bring a different set of assumptions to testing and reviews. This is because an independent tester is not influenced by the biases or preconceived notions of the development team. They can approach the testing process with a fresh perspective and question the assumptions made by the team, which can lead to uncovering new issues or improving the overall quality of the product.

IEEE 829 is the correct answer because it is a standard that includes a test plan template. The other options, IEEE 729, IEEE 1027, and ISO 9126, do not specifically mention a test plan template in their respective standards. Therefore, IEEE 829 is the most appropriate choice.

An entry criteria refers to a set of generic and specific conditions that allow a process to proceed. These conditions act as checkpoints or requirements that need to be met before the process can move forward. They ensure that the necessary prerequisites are in place and that the process can be executed effectively. The entry criteria may be agreed upon with the stakeholders to ensure their involvement and agreement. It helps in preventing a task from being considered completed prematurely and helps in planning when to stop testing.

Time pressure can significantly impact test effort. When there is a tight deadline or limited time available for testing, it can result in rushed and inadequate testing. Testers may not have enough time to thoroughly test all the features and functionalities, leading to potential bugs and issues being missed. Additionally, time pressure can also increase stress levels and affect the overall quality of the testing process. Therefore, time pressure is a crucial factor that can affect the effectiveness and efficiency of test effort.

In the context of the given statement, it is stated that performance testing training of staffing is an activity in the test planning phase. This implies that during the test planning phase of a project, one of the activities involved is providing training for staffing members on performance testing. Therefore, the statement is true as it suggests that performance testing training is a part of the test planning phase.

The statement is true because the tester to developer ratio is indeed an example of a top down estimation technique. In top down estimation, the overall project is divided into smaller components, and the estimation is done based on the high-level understanding of the project. The tester to developer ratio is a high-level estimation that helps determine the number of testers required in relation to the number of developers. This ratio is often used to estimate the testing effort and resources needed for a project.

The given correct answer, "Test approach," is a component of the test strategy. The test approach refers to the overall plan or method that will be used to perform testing activities for a specific project. It outlines the types of testing that will be conducted, the testing techniques that will be used, and the resources required for testing. The test approach is an important part of the test strategy as it guides the testing process and ensures that the project's testing objectives are met.