How Much Do You Know About Software Development Life Cycle?

Having testers involved during test basis documents review is a good practice because it allows them to provide their expertise and insights into the testing process. Testers can identify potential issues or gaps in the test basis documents, ensuring that they are comprehensive and accurate. Their involvement also helps in aligning the testing activities with the requirements and objectives of the project. Additionally, testers can contribute their knowledge of different testing techniques and approaches, which can improve the overall quality of the test basis documents and the testing process.

The work product prepared by developers and business analysts, such as requirements documents, design documents, and code, serve as the foundation for testing activities in one or more test levels. These artifacts provide the necessary information and specifications for testers to create test cases, execute tests, and verify the system's functionality. Without these work products, it would be challenging to effectively and efficiently conduct testing activities. Therefore, the statement is true.

The software life cycle model adopted for a project can have a serious impact on the process of testing. This is because different life cycle models have different approaches and phases, such as requirements gathering, design, coding, and testing. The chosen life cycle model can determine when testing activities start, what types of testing are performed, and how testing is integrated into the development process. For example, in an Agile model, testing is typically integrated throughout the development process, while in a Waterfall model, testing is performed at the end of the development cycle. Therefore, the choice of life cycle model can significantly affect the testing process.

The V-model is a software development model that emphasizes the importance of testing throughout the entire software development life cycle (SDLC). It provides a framework for integrating testing activities into each phase of the SDLC, ensuring that testing is not an afterthought but an integral part of the development process. By following the V-model, organizations can ensure that the deliverable is fit for its purpose and that feedback is not passed backward, as testing activities are performed in parallel with development activities. Therefore, the correct answer is "How testing activities can be integrated into each phase of SDLC."

Non functional tests are designed to evaluate the attributes of a system that are not directly related to its functionality. These tests focus on aspects such as performance, usability, portability, and reliability. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" because all of these attributes are included in non functional tests.

The correct answer is that in an incremental model, a series of increments deliver just a part of the overall functionality. This means that the development process is divided into multiple iterations or increments, with each increment delivering a specific set of features or functionality. This allows for continuous feedback and improvement throughout the development process. Testing is not necessarily done at the end, as each increment can be tested individually. Defects are also detected close to the live implementation, as each increment is implemented and tested separately. The statement about there being only four test levels is not related to the incremental model.

The V-model is a software development model that demonstrates how verification and validation can be integrated into each phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). It follows a sequential approach, where each phase is completed before moving on to the next. The V-model emphasizes the importance of testing and quality assurance throughout the development process, ensuring that the software meets the specified requirements and is thoroughly validated before deployment. This integration of verification and validation at every stage helps in reducing errors and improving the overall quality of the software.

The correct answer is "Big bang." Big bang integration testing refers to a testing approach where all the software and hardware components are combined together simultaneously, without any prior stages or incremental integration. This approach allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the entire system's functionality and interoperability. It is typically used when the individual components are readily available and stable enough to be integrated all at once.

Acceptance testing is a type of testing that determines whether a system meets the specified requirements and is acceptable for delivery to the end-users. Non-functional features refer to aspects of a system that are not directly related to its functionality but are important for its overall performance, such as reliability, usability, performance, and security. Since acceptance testing aims to ensure that the system meets all the requirements, it includes testing these non-functional features as well. Therefore, the statement that acceptance testing includes non-functional features is true.

The statement is true because a purchaser can only integrate commercial off-the-shelf software products into their existing infrastructure. This means that they cannot integrate custom-built software or other types of software that are not commercially available. Integration refers to the process of combining different software systems or components to work together seamlessly, and in this case, it is limited to only commercial off-the-shelf software products.

The correct answer is "All of the above". This means that the test levels of a typical V-model include component and integration testing, as well as system testing and acceptance testing. In the V-model, each level of testing is aligned with a corresponding phase of the development process, ensuring that all aspects of the software are thoroughly tested before being accepted and deployed.

In the conventional waterfall model, testing is typically conducted at the end of the project life cycle. This means that testing activities are performed after all other development activities, such as requirements gathering, design, and implementation, have been completed. This approach allows for a thorough evaluation of the entire system once it is fully developed, ensuring that any defects or issues are identified and addressed before the final product is delivered to the customer.

The term "robust" refers to the ability of a system to handle and recover from errors or unexpected inputs. In this context, if the system is able to handle invalid input conditions without crashing or malfunctioning, it can be considered robust. This means that the system is designed to handle various scenarios and is resilient in the face of errors, making it reliable and dependable.

The integration sequence depends on the high risk interface location. This means that when integrating different components or systems, the ones with higher risk interfaces should be prioritized and integrated first. This is because high risk interfaces may have more complex interactions and dependencies, and addressing them early on can help identify and resolve any potential issues or conflicts. By focusing on high risk interface locations during integration, it ensures that critical components are properly integrated and tested before moving on to less critical ones.

The objective of system testing is to check the entire behavior of the whole product against the scope defined. This means that system testing aims to ensure that the product functions as intended and meets the requirements and expectations set out in the scope. It involves testing all components and interfaces to ensure they work together seamlessly and that the system can be accepted for use. System testing goes beyond verifying each module's functioning and focuses on the overall behavior and performance of the entire product.

Component testing can include performance, robustness, and structural testing. Component testing focuses on testing individual components or units of a software system in isolation to ensure that each component functions correctly. This type of testing can involve evaluating the performance of a component to ensure it meets the required specifications, testing the robustness of a component to handle unexpected inputs or conditions, and conducting structural testing to verify the internal structure and design of the component. Therefore, the statement that component testing cannot include performance, robustness, or structural testing is false.

The statement "All the software development life cycles have to be sequential" is false. Software development life cycles, such as the Waterfall model or the Agile model, can be sequential or iterative depending on the project requirements and development approach. Sequential life cycles follow a linear process, where each phase is completed before moving on to the next. However, iterative life cycles involve repeating phases and continuously refining the software based on feedback. Therefore, not all software development life cycles have to be sequential.

Test driven development (TDD) is a software development approach where test cases are written before the actual coding takes place. This ensures that the code is developed to fulfill the requirements of the test cases. TDD follows a cycle of writing a failing test case, writing the minimum amount of code to pass the test, and then refactoring the code to improve its design. By automating test cases before coding, extreme programming aligns with the principles of TDD, making "Test driven development" the correct answer.

The given statement describes a sequential process where each phase flows into the next one. This is characteristic of the Waterfall model, where the development process follows a linear and sequential approach. In the Waterfall model, each phase is completed before moving on to the next one, with no overlapping or iteration between phases. Therefore, the correct answer is the Waterfall model.

Validation is the process of determining whether the requirements for a specific application have been fulfilled. It is not just about determining whether any requirements have been fulfilled, but specifically focuses on the requirements for a particular application. Validation is an important step in the development process as it ensures that the application meets the intended goals and functions as expected. It is linked to project responsibilities as it is the responsibility of the project team to validate the application against the specified requirements.

In Rapid Application Development (RAD), the project is developed in small increments or iterations. This allows the customer to continuously evaluate the progress and value being delivered. If the customer finds that the project is not meeting their expectations or delivering the expected value, they have the flexibility to halt the project at any point. This is because RAD emphasizes customer involvement and feedback throughout the development process, ensuring that the final product aligns with their requirements and goals.

The correct answer is "Involves regression testing of existing functionality". In the iterative model, regression testing is performed to ensure that any changes or additions to the components do not affect the existing functionality. This helps in identifying and fixing any potential issues or bugs that may arise due to the modifications made during the iterative development process. Regression testing is an important part of the iterative model as it ensures the stability and reliability of the software throughout the development cycle.

Component testing involves testing individual components or units of a system to ensure they function correctly on their own. In the context of software development, classes are the building blocks of a program, representing a blueprint for creating objects. Testing classes involves verifying that each class performs its intended functionality and behaves as expected. This may include testing methods, properties, and interactions between different classes. Therefore, component testing may include testing of classes to ensure their correctness and proper integration within the system.

The correct answer is System Engg. CMMi (Capability Maturity Model Integration) is a process improvement framework that provides organizations with guidelines and best practices for developing and managing their systems engineering processes. It helps organizations to assess their current processes, identify areas for improvement, and establish a roadmap for achieving higher levels of maturity in system engineering.

Regression testing is the process of retesting a modified software system to ensure that the existing functionalities are still working correctly after the changes have been made. Software development activities such as bug fixing, code refactoring, or adding new features can introduce new bugs or cause existing features to break. Therefore, regression testing is necessary to identify and fix any issues that may have been introduced during the development process. Installation testing and complete testing are not specifically related to software development activities, while "None of the above" is not a valid explanation as it does not provide any information about the relationship between software development activities and regression testing.

The statement is false because V-model test levels can be combined depending on the project nature or system architecture. The V-model is a software development model that suggests testing activities should be carried out in parallel with each corresponding development stage. However, the specific combination of test levels may vary based on the project requirements and constraints. Therefore, it is possible to combine different test levels in the V-model based on the specific needs of the project.

A stub would replace a called component.

In Agile Development, components test scripts have to be written even before the code is written. This is because Agile Development follows an iterative and incremental approach, where the development and testing activities are performed simultaneously. By writing test scripts early in the development process, the team can ensure that the code meets the desired functionality and quality. This allows for quick feedback and continuous improvement throughout the development cycle.

In parallel development life cycles, it is necessary to keep track of configuration management of changes. This means that any modifications or updates made to the software or system being developed need to be carefully managed and documented. This ensures that all changes are properly tracked, versioned, and controlled, minimizing the risk of conflicts or errors when multiple development teams are working simultaneously. This is important in parallel development to maintain consistency and coordination among the different development efforts.

Rapid Application Development (RAD) is the correct answer because RAD is a software development approach that emphasizes rapid prototyping and iterative development. It involves placing the project under formal controls to ensure that it progresses smoothly and meets the desired objectives. RAD focuses on quick development cycles and frequent feedback from stakeholders, allowing for flexibility and adaptability throughout the project. This approach is particularly suitable for projects that have tight time constraints and require a fast delivery of working software.