Quarter 4 Assessment Review

This food chain is correct because plants are the primary producers in the food web, rabbits are herbivores that eat plants, and hawks are carnivores that eat rabbits. This sequence follows the flow of energy and nutrients in an ecosystem, starting from the producers and moving up the food chain to the top predators.

The most likely consequence of allowing polluted water to flow into the Missouri River is that the fish population will decrease. Pollution in water bodies can have detrimental effects on aquatic life, including fish. Pollutants such as chemicals and toxins can contaminate the water, making it difficult for fish to survive and reproduce. This can lead to a decline in the fish population over time.

In pulmonary circulation, blood flows through two organs, the lungs and heart. This is because the lungs are responsible for oxygenating the blood and removing carbon dioxide, while the heart pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The lungs receive deoxygenated blood from the heart through the pulmonary artery, and after oxygenation in the lungs, the blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins. Therefore, the correct answer is lungs and heart.

The raccoon is considered the predator in the relationship between a raccoon and a fish. Predators are organisms that hunt and consume other organisms for food, and in this case, the raccoon preys on the fish.

A hinge joint allows for backward and forward motion. This type of joint is similar to a door hinge, allowing movement in only one plane. It enables flexion and extension, such as bending and straightening of the knee or elbow.

The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into simpler substances. It includes organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines, which work together to digest food and absorb nutrients. The circulatory system transports these nutrients to the cells, the nervous system controls and coordinates the digestive process, and the respiratory system is responsible for breathing and supplying oxygen, but they do not directly break down food. Therefore, the correct answer is the digestive system.

Snakes are the animals that directly consume toads according to the food web. This means that snakes feed on toads as a part of their diet.

Cardiac muscle is found in the heart because it is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the heart, allowing it to pump blood throughout the body. Unlike skeletal muscle, which is attached to bones, or smooth muscle, which is found in internal organs such as the intestines, cardiac muscle is specifically designed to meet the demands of the heart's continuous pumping action. Therefore, it is uniquely located in the heart to fulfill its vital function of circulating blood.

A skeletal muscle is responsible for moving bones. It is attached to the bones via tendons and contracts to generate force, allowing for movement of the bones. This movement is essential for various activities such as walking, running, and lifting objects. The other options listed do not accurately describe the function of a skeletal muscle.

When all of the coyotes in a region are killed, it can lead to an increase in the deer population. Coyotes are natural predators of deer, and their absence allows the deer population to grow unchecked. With fewer predators hunting them, the deer population can expand rapidly, potentially causing imbalances in the ecosystem. This increase in the deer population can also impact other aspects of the ecosystem, such as vegetation and other animal species that rely on similar resources.

The skull is an example of an immovable joint because the bones of the skull are fused together and do not allow for any movement. This enables the skull to protect the brain and provide structural support to the head. Unlike the shoulder, knee, and wrist joints, which are all movable and allow for a wide range of motion, the joints in the skull are fixed and do not allow for any movement.

The muscular system plays a crucial role in movement. Muscles are responsible for generating force and enabling the body to move and perform various activities such as walking, running, and lifting objects. The contraction and relaxation of muscles allow for voluntary and involuntary movements, including the movement of limbs, organs, and other body parts. Without the muscular system, the body would be unable to perform any physical movements or actions.

A biotic factor refers to a living component in an ecosystem that has an impact on other organisms. In this case, a rotting log is an example of a biotic factor because it is composed of decaying organic matter, which provides nutrients and habitat for various organisms such as insects, fungi, and bacteria. The log's decomposition process plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling and supports the overall biodiversity of the ecosystem.

Mushrooms are decomposers that obtain their food by breaking down dead organic matter, such as dead leaves. They secrete enzymes that break down the complex molecules in dead leaves into simpler substances that the mushrooms can absorb and use for energy. This process of decomposition helps to recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem, making mushrooms and dead leaves an example of a decomposer and its food.

Oil is a nonrenewable resource because it is formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals over millions of years. The process of oil formation is very slow, and it cannot be replenished within a human lifespan. Once oil reserves are depleted, they cannot be easily replaced by nature. Therefore, oil is considered a nonrenewable resource.

Driving automobiles less often would decrease the occurrence of acid rain because automobile exhaust is one of the main causes of acid rain. By reducing the amount of driving, there would be less exhaust emissions released into the atmosphere, resulting in a decrease in the pollutants that contribute to the formation of acid rain.

The respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body. Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration, the process by which cells produce energy. It is inhaled through the nose or mouth, passes through the airways, and reaches the lungs where it is exchanged with carbon dioxide. The oxygen is then transported by red blood cells to different parts of the body to fuel cellular processes.

Smooth muscle is responsible for the movement in the stomach and intestines. Unlike skeletal muscle, which is voluntary and under conscious control, smooth muscle is involuntary and contracts and relaxes automatically. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of the digestive system and helps to propel food through the digestive tract, allowing for the process of digestion and absorption to occur. Therefore, smooth muscle is the correct answer for this question.

Competition occurs when multiple organisms compete for the same limited resources. In this scenario, more than one organism is seeking the same resource at the same time, leading to competition. This competition can be for resources such as food, water, shelter, or mates. Organisms that are better adapted or more efficient in utilizing the resources will have a competitive advantage over others. Competition plays a crucial role in shaping the population dynamics and can influence factors like population density and carrying capacity.

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting materials such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body's tissues and organs, while deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart to be reoxygenated. This continuous circulation ensures that all cells receive the necessary materials for their proper functioning and removes waste products from the body. Therefore, the primary job of the circulatory system is to transport materials in the body.

The small intestine is the correct answer because it is the primary site for digestion and absorption of nutrients in the body. It is where the breakdown of food into smaller molecules occurs, and where the majority of nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. The large intestine primarily functions in the absorption of water and electrolytes, while the pancreas and liver play important roles in producing digestive enzymes and releasing them into the small intestine.

The number of predators in the forest can affect the survival of a rabbit. If there are a high number of predators, such as wolves or coyotes, the rabbit's chances of being hunted and killed increase. On the other hand, if there are fewer predators, the rabbit's chances of survival improve. Therefore, the presence or absence of predators is a biotic factor that directly impacts the rabbit's survival in forests.

Parasitism is the most appropriate term to describe a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits (the parasite) and the other is harmed (the host). In parasitism, the parasite relies on the host for survival, often by feeding off its nutrients or using it as a habitat. This relationship is one-sided, as the parasite benefits while the host suffers negative effects, such as reduced fitness or even death.

Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of organisms that an ecosystem can sustainably support over a period of time. It takes into account the available resources such as food, water, and habitat, as well as the interactions between different species. When the population exceeds the carrying capacity, there is a strain on the resources, leading to competition, scarcity, and potential decline in the population. Therefore, carrying capacity is the appropriate term to describe the highest number of organisms that an ecosystem can support.

The temperature of the water is an abiotic factor that can affect the survival of a dolphin in the ocean. Dolphins are warm-blooded mammals and they rely on the surrounding water temperature to regulate their body temperature. If the water temperature becomes too cold or too hot, it can negatively impact the dolphin's metabolic rate, immune system, and overall health. Therefore, the temperature of the water is crucial for the survival of dolphins in their natural habitat.

This relationship between the bacteria in your digestive system and yourself is an example of mutualism. Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit from each other. In this case, the bacteria break down and utilize the food you ingest, helping them survive, while you receive necessary nutrients from the bacteria, which is essential for your well-being.

The given food web consists of various organisms such as squirrels, mice, rabbits, seed-eating birds, and herbivorous insects. These organisms primarily consume plants or other producers for their energy and nutrients, making them examples of primary consumers. Primary consumers are the organisms that directly feed on producers and form the second trophic level in a food chain or web.

The skeletal system is responsible for producing new blood cells in the body. This process occurs in the bone marrow, which is found within the bones. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all produced in the bone marrow. These blood cells are crucial for various functions in the body, such as carrying oxygen, fighting infections, and aiding in blood clotting. Therefore, the skeletal system plays a vital role in forming new blood cells and maintaining a healthy blood supply.