Pterygopalatine And IT Fossa-Lecture

1. Which of the following are not considered one of the muslces of mastication?

Temporalis

Masseter

Buccinator

Medial Pterygoid

Lateral Pterygoid

Muscles of Mastication (all innervated by V3)
• Temporalis
• Masseter
• Medial pterygoid
• Lateral pterygoid

Explanation

Muscles of Mastication (all innervated by V3)
• Temporalis
• Masseter
• Medial pterygoid
• Lateral pterygoid

2. Which of the following is not considered one of the contents of the PT Fossa?

Pterygopalatine Ganglion

Maxillary Artery

V-2

Otic Ganglion

The Otic Ganglion is in the IT Fossa

Explanation

The Otic Ganglion is in the IT Fossa

3. A patient comes into your office complaining of loss of motor function during mastication. You believe the loss of motor function is because of a nerve block. Which nerve would most likely be affected?

V-1

V-2

V-3

VII

Motor function of the muscles of mastication are in V-3 Mandibular Nerve

Explanation

Motor function of the muscles of mastication are in V-3 Mandibular Nerve

4. Which correctly shows the parasympathetic nerve path to the Lacrimal Gland?

CN V > Tigeminal Ganglia > V-2 (Zygomatic Branch) > Lacrimal Nerve (V-1) > Lacrimal Gland

CN V > V-2 > Pterygopalatine Ganglia > Lacrimal Nerve (V-1) > Lacrimal Gland

CN VII > Greater Petrosal Nerve > Trigeminal Ganglia > V-2 (Zygomatic Branch)> Lacrimal Nerve (V-1) > Lacrimal Gland

CN VII > Greater Petrosal Nerve > Pterygopalatine Ganglia > V-2 (Zygomatic Branch) > Lacrimal Nerve (V-1) > Lacrimal Gland

Remember, the parasympathetic innervation of the Lacrimal Gland is a little complicated since it uses branch of different cranial nerves. Know this path.

Explanation

Remember, the parasympathetic innervation of the Lacrimal Gland is a little complicated since it uses branch of different cranial nerves. Know this path.

5. The temporomandibular joint has a unique feature for being a synovial joint. Which of the following is the unique feature?

Bony articular surfaces covered by fibrocartilage

Bony articular surfaces covered by elastic cartilage

Bony articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage

Bony articular surfaces covered by intervertebral discs

The correct answer is bony articular surfaces covered by fibrocartilage. The temporomandibular joint is unique because it is the only synovial joint in the body that has bony articular surfaces covered by fibrocartilage. This fibrocartilage helps to absorb shock and provides a smooth surface for the bones to glide against each other during jaw movement.

Explanation

The correct answer is bony articular surfaces covered by fibrocartilage. The temporomandibular joint is unique because it is the only synovial joint in the body that has bony articular surfaces covered by fibrocartilage. This fibrocartilage helps to absorb shock and provides a smooth surface for the bones to glide against each other during jaw movement.

6. The Ophthalmic Vein drains into the Pterygoid Venous Plexus through which of the following?

Pterygopalatine Fissure

Foramen Ovale

Sphenopalatine Foramen

Inferior Orbital Fissure

The Ophthalmic Vein drains into the Pterygoid Venous Plexus through the Inferior Orbital Fissure. The Pterygoid Venous Plexus is a network of veins located in the pterygopalatine fossa, which is a space in the skull. The Inferior Orbital Fissure is a small opening located in the orbital wall, and it provides a pathway for the Ophthalmic Vein to drain into the Pterygoid Venous Plexus.

Explanation

The Ophthalmic Vein drains into the Pterygoid Venous Plexus through the Inferior Orbital Fissure. The Pterygoid Venous Plexus is a network of veins located in the pterygopalatine fossa, which is a space in the skull. The Inferior Orbital Fissure is a small opening located in the orbital wall, and it provides a pathway for the Ophthalmic Vein to drain into the Pterygoid Venous Plexus.

7. The Inferior Alveolar Nerve enters the Oral Cavity from the IT Fossa through which of the following?

Mandibular Foramen

Mental Foramen

Sphenopalatine Foramen

Pterygopalatine Fissure

This is where it enters the mandable.

Explanation

This is where it enters the mandable.

8. The Maxillary Artery enters the PT Fossa from the IT Fossa from which of the following?

Pterygopalatine Fissure

Foramen Ovale

Sphenopalatine Foramen

Inferior Orbital Fissure

The Maxillary Artery enters the Pterygopalatine Fossa from the Pterygopalatine Fissure. The Pterygopalatine Fissure is a narrow slit-like opening located between the sphenoid and maxilla bones. It is an important anatomical structure through which several structures pass, including the maxillary artery. The maxillary artery is one of the main branches of the external carotid artery and supplies blood to the structures of the face, including the maxillary teeth, nasal cavity, and palate. Therefore, the correct answer is the Pterygopalatine Fissure.

Explanation

The Maxillary Artery enters the Pterygopalatine Fossa from the Pterygopalatine Fissure. The Pterygopalatine Fissure is a narrow slit-like opening located between the sphenoid and maxilla bones. It is an important anatomical structure through which several structures pass, including the maxillary artery. The maxillary artery is one of the main branches of the external carotid artery and supplies blood to the structures of the face, including the maxillary teeth, nasal cavity, and palate. Therefore, the correct answer is the Pterygopalatine Fissure.

9. A patient comes to your ER with a deep laceration on the side of his face. You notice that it is in the area of the IT Fossa, which one of the following structures would not be affected?

Sphenomandibular Ligament

Branches of CN V, VII & IX

Otic Ganglion

Pterygoid Venous Plexus

Ciliary Ganglion

Inferior Portion of Temporalis, Medial and Lateral Pterygoids

Contents:
• Inferior portion of temporalis, medial & lateral pterygoids (muscles of mastication in IT fossa)
• Sphenomandibular ligament (looks like a nerve) – medial to TMJ
• Maxillary a & branches
• Pterygoid venous plexus
• V, VII & IX branches
• Otic ganglion

The Ciliary Ganglion is between CN III and Lateral Rectus Muscle, not in the IT Fossa

Explanation

Contents:
• Inferior portion of temporalis, medial & lateral pterygoids (muscles of mastication in IT fossa)
• Sphenomandibular ligament (looks like a nerve) – medial to TMJ
• Maxillary a & branches
• Pterygoid venous plexus
• V, VII & IX branches
• Otic ganglion

The Ciliary Ganglion is between CN III and Lateral Rectus Muscle, not in the IT Fossa

10. The preganglionic and postgoanglionic parasympathetic fibers innvervating the Parotid Gland are respectively the:

Lesser Petrosal N. and Greater Temporal N.

Greater Petrosal N. and Auriculotemporal N.

Lesser Petrosal N. and Auriculotemporal N.

Greater Petrosal N. and Greater Temporal N.

The pathway is as follows:

CN IX > Lesser Petrosal N. > Otic Ganglion > Auriculotemporal N. (Branch of V-3) > Parotid Gland

Explanation

The pathway is as follows:

CN IX > Lesser Petrosal N. > Otic Ganglion > Auriculotemporal N. (Branch of V-3) > Parotid Gland

11. Which of the following nerves is not a branchiomotor nerve branch of the Mandibular Nerve CN V-3?

Nerve to Medial Pterygoid

Nerve to Lateral Pterygoid

Buccal Nerve

Deep Temporal Nerve

Masseteric Nerve

Although the Buccal Nerve is a branch of V-3, it is a sensory nerve of the cheek.

Explanation

Although the Buccal Nerve is a branch of V-3, it is a sensory nerve of the cheek.

12. In the temporomandibular joint, the upper joint cavity is involved in which of the followin?

Retraction Only

Protrusion and Elevation

Elevation and Retraction

Protrusion and Retraction

• Upper joint cavity: protrusion & retraction
• Lower joint cavity: elevation & retraction

Explanation

• Upper joint cavity: protrusion & retraction
• Lower joint cavity: elevation & retraction

13. A patient presents to you with a lesion in the Greater Petrosal Nerves. Which of the following would you expect to be functioning even with the lesion?

Submandibular Mucous Gland

Lacrimal Gland

Mucous Glands in Nasal Cavity

Mucous and Salivary Glands in hard and soft palate

The Greater Petrosal Nerve is the preganglionic parasympathetic fiber for:
1. Lacrimal Gland
2. Mucous Glands in Nasal Cavity
3. Mucous and Salivary Glands in hard and soft palate

The Chorda Tympani is the preganglionic parasympathetic fiber of the submandibular mucous glands

Explanation

The Greater Petrosal Nerve is the preganglionic parasympathetic fiber for:
1. Lacrimal Gland
2. Mucous Glands in Nasal Cavity
3. Mucous and Salivary Glands in hard and soft palate

The Chorda Tympani is the preganglionic parasympathetic fiber of the submandibular mucous glands

PterygopALATine And IT Fossa-lecture