Psychology Chapter 4
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Psychology in action (9th edition) (huffman)chapter 4 questions
- 1.______ starts at the "bottom" with raw sensory data that are sent "up" to the brain for higher leve analysis.
- A.
Perception
- B.
Bottom-up processing
- C.
Sensation
- D.
Integration
- 2.Converting a receptor's energy into a neural impulse is called _____.
- A.
Reduction
- B.
Conduction
- C.
Transduction
- D.
Neural stimulation
- 3.The ____ is the lowest or quietest sound people can hear.
- A.
Threshold of excitation
- B.
Absolute threshold
- C.
Difference threshold
- D.
Low point
- 4.The ____ of light determines its hue, whereas the _____ determines its brightness.
- A.
Wavelength, amplitude
- B.
Pitch, wavelength
- C.
Timbre, amplitude
- D.
Wavelength, frequency
- 5._____ are involved with color vision, whereas ____ are responsible for dim or night vision.
- A.
Rods, cones
- B.
Hair cells, cilia
- C.
Lens, cornea
- D.
Cones, rods
- 6.______ results when the cornea and lens focus an image in front of the retina.
- A.
Presbyopia
- B.
Hyperopia
- C.
Myopia
- D.
None of these options
- 7.The _______ amplifies sound and sends italong to the cochlea's oval window.
- A.
Pinna
- B.
Middle ear
- C.
Inner ear
- D.
Outer ear
- 8.Airborne chemicals released from one individual that affect another individual's behavior are known as __________.
- A.
Olfactory attractants
- B.
Sexual odorificants
- C.
Pheromones
- D.
Olfactory hormones
- 9.The skin senses include pressure, pain and ______.
- A.
Posture
- B.
Movement
- C.
Balance
- D.
Temperature
- 10.The ______ sense is located in the inner ear and is responsible for our sense of balance.
- A.
Auditory
- B.
Gustatory
- C.
Kinesthetic
- D.
Vestibular
- 11.Filtering out and attending only to important sensory messages is the definition of _________.
- A.
Love-at-first sight
- B.
Selective attention
- C.
Transduction
- D.
Habituation
- 12.Which of the following is the most fundamental Gestalt principle of organization?
- A.
Roundness
- B.
Isolation
- C.
Symmetry
- D.
Figure and ground
- 13.Monocular and binocular are two cues for __________.
- A.
Depth perception
- B.
Size adaptations
- C.
Perceptual constancies
- D.
Visual corrections
- 14.The neuromuscular cue to distance cause be both eyes turning in or out to focus on an object is called ___________.
- A.
Binocular rivalry
- B.
Retinal disparity
- C.
Convergence
- D.
Accommodation
- 15.When an observer moves, near objects seem to pass quickly, intermediate objects seem to pass rather slowly, and far objects seem to stand almost still. The name of this monocular cue is __________.
- A.
Linear perspective
- B.
Accommodation
- C.
Relative size
- D.
Motion parallax
- 16.The readiness to perceive in a particular manner based on expectations is called _______.
- A.
Perceptual bias
- B.
Selective attention
- C.
the self-fulfilling prophecy
- D.
Perceptual set
- 17.Thanks to _____, an elephant is perceived as much larger when it is standing next to a mouse than it is when it stands next to a giraffe.
- A.
Telekinesis
- B.
Hallucinations
- C.
Illusions
- D.
Frame of reference
- 18.The supposed "psychic" ability to predict the future is called _______.
- A.
Telekinesis
- B.
Telepathy
- C.
Precognition
- D.
None of these options
- 19.Scientists sometimes find that one person will demonstrate ESP in one laboratory but not in another. This suggests that _________.
- A.
Replication of studies is useless
- B.
The studies were probably not valid
- C.
The researcher or the participant was biased against ESP
- D.
ESP is not reliable phenomenon
- 20.Concerning ESP (extrasensory perception), research suggests that people should be ______.
- A.
Believers
- B.
Doing more research to support ESP
- C.
Very skeptical of ESP claims
- D.
Developing their own ESP
- 21.________ involving a mixing of sensory experiences.
- A.
Sensation
- B.
Perception
- C.
Transduction
- D.
Synesthesia
- 22.Subliminal messages, those messages presented below conscious awareness, can affect behavior in which of the following ways?
- A.
They can help you learn while asleep
- B.
They can cause you to chance your behavior to comply with the message
- C.
They can improve your memory for things that you learn while awake.
- D.
None of these options
- 23.Sensory adaptation occurs when ________.
- A.
One sensory system takes over for another that has been damaged.
- B.
Information from several sensory systems are organized together in the brain
- C.
A sensory system becomes less responsive to continuous stimulation
- D.
A stroke or other brain damage prevents full sensory capability
- 24.Light travel through the cornea on to the ________.
- A.
Pupil, lens and retina
- B.
Lens, pupil and retina
- C.
Vitreous humor, aueous humor, and retina
- D.
Retina on the back of the lens
- 25.
- A.
Trichromatic
- B.
Opponent-process
- C.
Tri-receptor
- D.
Lock-and-key
- 26.______ are people who perceive only two colors.
- A.
Monochromats
- B.
Dual-processors
- C.
Dichromats
- D.
Trio-processors
- 27.Which of the following is an example of pitch?
- A.
You switch the lever on your telephone from soft to loud
- B.
Your mother raises the volume of her voice when you ignore her
- C.
You can barely hear your television because of the traffic noise outside
- D.
Your neighbor's car alarm alternates between high and low tones
- 28.Tock concerts, blaring radios, and raucous pep rallies are _______.
- A.
Adolescent rites of passage
- B.
Signs of a good time
- C.
Damaging to auditory receptor cells
- D.
The reasons parents lose their sanity by age 50
- 29.Smell and taste can be adversely affected by the _________.
- A.
Trichromatic theory
- B.
Common cold
- C.
Opponent-process theory
- D.
All of these options
- 30.______ results from stimulation of receptor cells in the nose.
- A.
Audition
- B.
Pheromones
- C.
Olfaction
- D.
Gustation
- 31.Children are picky about food because _______.
- A.
Their taste buds are replaced quickly
- B.
Of childhood experiences and cultural influences
- C.
Of evolutionary preference
- D.
All of these options
- 32.Light stimulation of both pressure and pain receptors results in the sensation of ________.
- A.
Itching
- B.
Tickling
- C.
Vibration
- D.
All of these options
- 33.The ________ provide the brain with balance information, particularly information about the rotation of the head.
- A.
Hairs in the nasal cavity
- B.
Myelinated fibers in the olfactory system
- C.
Semicircular canals
- D.
None of these options
- 34.________ are false impressions of the environment. ______ are sensory perceptions that occur without external stimulus.
- A.
Hallucinations; delusions
- B.
Delusions; illusions
- C.
Illusions; delusions
- D.
Illusions; hallucinations
- 35.Specialized cells in the brain that respond only to certain sensory information are known as ________.
- A.
Visual constancies
- B.
Reinal disparity
- C.
Convergence
- D.
Feature detectors
- 36.The tendency for the environment to be perceived as remaining the same even with changes in sensory input is known as __________.
- A.
Habituation
- B.
Sensory adaptation
- C.
Perceptual constancy
- D.
Sensory sensitivity
- 37.When you look as a chair from the back or front, it looks like a rectangle. However, when you see it form the side, it has an "h" shape, but you still recognize it as a chair because of _______.
- A.
Sensory adaptation
- B.
Shape constancy
- C.
Size constancy
- D.
Sensory habituation
- 38.The _______ is an apparatus used by scientists to study depth perception.
- A.
Trichromatic blender
- B.
Opponent-process dicer
- C.
Visual cliff
- D.
Ames Room
- 39.Which of the following is responsible for depth perception?
- A.
Thalamus
- B.
Binocular cues
- C.
Retinal disparity
- D.
All but one of these options
- 40._________ is a monocular depth cue that occurs when parallel lines converge in the distance.
- A.
Aerial perspective
- B.
Relative size
- C.
Linear perspective
- D.
Interposition
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