Psych (Season 2) Quiz Questions

The MMR vaccine refers to measles, mumps, and rubella. This vaccine is used to protect against these three contagious diseases. Measles is a highly infectious viral illness that can cause severe complications. Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects the salivary glands and can lead to complications such as meningitis. Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral infection that can cause birth defects if contracted during pregnancy. The MMR vaccine is typically given in two doses to provide long-lasting immunity against these diseases.

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breaths during sleep. The correct answer states that the person experiencing sleep apnea may stop breathing for half a minute or more, which is true. During these episodes, the oxygen levels in the body decrease, and the brain eventually triggers a brief awakening to resume breathing. This can happen multiple times during the night, leading to disrupted sleep and potential health complications.

Puberty begins about 2 years after the beginning of the growth spurt. This is because the growth spurt is one of the first physical changes that occur during puberty. It is characterized by a rapid increase in height and weight as the body prepares for the changes that will occur during adolescence. The growth spurt typically starts around the age of 9-11 in girls and 11-13 in boys, and is followed by the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development in girls and deepening of the voice in boys.

Cognitive reserve refers to the brain's capacity to create additional neural connections, including new neurons and the connecting axons and dendrites. This ability allows the brain to adapt and compensate for any damage or decline in function, thereby maintaining cognitive abilities and preventing cognitive decline. In other words, cognitive reserve is what enables individuals to remain intellectually sharp and resilient, even in the face of aging or neurological disorders.

Avoidant mothers are unresponsive, insensitive, and coldly rejecting towards their babies' needs. They tend to distance themselves emotionally from their infants, often ignoring their cues for affection, comfort, or attention. This can result in a lack of emotional bonding and attachment between the mother and child.

Menopause refers to the natural process in a woman's life when her menstrual cycles stop permanently, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55. It is caused by a decline in hormone production, particularly estrogen, by the ovaries. This cessation of ovulation and the menstrual cycle marks the end of a woman's reproductive years. Symptoms of menopause can include hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and vaginal dryness.

The ultrasound report describes the developing infant as having specific features such as eyes, nose, lips, arms, legs, and a beating heart. These features indicate that the infant is in the early stages of development, where the major organs and body structures are forming. This period of prenatal development is known as the embryonic period.

Immediately after birth, an infant's respiratory system begins to function. This is because the baby transitions from receiving oxygen through the placenta to breathing air on their own. The lungs expand, and the baby takes their first breath, filling their lungs with air. This initiates the process of oxygen exchange and allows the baby to start receiving oxygen through their own respiratory system.

Integrity refers to the quality of being honest, having strong moral principles, and adhering to one's values. It involves the integration of one's thoughts, actions, and beliefs into a consistent and harmonious whole. The final completion of the ego can be understood as the culmination of personal growth and development, where one has achieved a sense of wholeness and alignment between their inner self and external behavior. Therefore, integrity can be seen as the ultimate manifestation of a mature and fully developed ego.

Conjoined twins Abby and Brittany Hensel cannot be separated because they share a lower body. Conjoined twins are born physically connected to each other, and in the case of Abby and Brittany, they are connected from the waist down. This means that they share vital organs, including their reproductive system, and have a complex network of blood vessels and nerves that cannot be safely separated. The lower body is a crucial area where their bodies are fused, making separation impossible.

The search for personal identity is the central theme in adolescent social and personality development. During adolescence, individuals strive to develop a sense of self and establish their own unique identity. This involves exploring various aspects of themselves such as their values, beliefs, interests, and goals. Understanding who they are and their place in the world is crucial for adolescents to form healthy relationships, make decisions, and navigate through life. Sexual identity, on the other hand, refers specifically to an individual's sexual orientation or attraction, which is just one aspect of personal identity.

Algorithms will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. This means that if there is a problem that can be solved, an algorithm can be designed to solve it and provide the correct solution. However, if there is no correct solution possible for a problem, no algorithm can guarantee a correct solution.

The view of most psychologists is that our development is determined by the interaction between nature (our genetic makeup) and nurture (our environmental factors). This means that both our genetic predispositions and our experiences and environment play a role in shaping who we are and who we become. It is not solely determined by one factor or the other, but rather the combination of both.

Kanzi, the chimp, has demonstrated four consistent sounds to represent bananas, grapes, juice, and the word "yes". This suggests that Kanzi has learned to use vocalizations to communicate specific meanings for these items or concepts. This ability to associate sounds with specific objects or ideas indicates a level of cognitive understanding and communication skills in Kanzi.

This scenario demonstrates functional fixedness, which refers to the tendency to only see objects or tools in their traditional or intended use. Erik was fixated on finding a flashlight in the glove compartment because he associated it with providing light. However, he failed to consider the alternative solution of using his cell phone as a source of light, indicating a limited perspective and a lack of creative problem-solving.

Brainstorming, keeping a journal, and concept mapping are all strategies to become a more divergent thinker. These activities encourage creative and out-of-the-box thinking by promoting the exploration of different ideas, perspectives, and connections. Brainstorming allows for the generation of multiple solutions or possibilities, keeping a journal helps in organizing thoughts and reflecting on experiences, and concept mapping visually represents relationships between concepts. By engaging in these strategies, individuals can enhance their ability to think divergently, which is essential for problem-solving, innovation, and critical thinking.

According to Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through the language acquisition device. This device is a hypothetical structure in the brain that enables individuals to acquire and process language effortlessly. Chomsky argues that this innate ability is universal to all humans, regardless of the language they are exposed to, and serves as the foundation for language development and acquisition. Through the language acquisition device, individuals can internalize the rules and structures of their native language, allowing them to comprehend and generate meaningful speech.

Fertility drugs can stimulate the ovaries to release multiple eggs, increasing the chances of multiple pregnancies. Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, occur when two separate eggs are fertilized by two different sperm. Therefore, taking fertility drugs can increase the chances of giving birth to dizygotic twins.

Children raised with an authoritarian style of parenting are often insecure and resentful because this parenting style is characterized by strict rules, high expectations, and little room for autonomy or individuality. The emphasis on obedience and control can lead to a lack of self-confidence and feelings of insecurity in children. Additionally, the lack of warmth, understanding, and open communication in authoritarian parenting can cause children to feel resentful and develop negative attitudes towards authority figures.

People would most likely use a mental image to determine the number of televisions they have in their house. This means that they would visualize their house and mentally count the number of televisions they have. This method allows them to visually recall the locations and quantities of televisions, making it easier to provide an accurate answer. A mental image is a powerful cognitive tool that aids in memory and recall, making it a likely choice for this scenario.

Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to favor information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses while disregarding or downplaying contradictory evidence. In this scenario, the teachers exhibit confirmation bias by actively seeking out evidence that supports their teaching method and dismissing studies that prove the effectiveness of other approaches. They are selectively interpreting information to confirm their existing beliefs, which can hinder their ability to objectively evaluate different teaching methods.

In genetics, the term "dominant" refers to a gene that is able to control the expression of a trait in an individual. This means that if an individual has one copy of the dominant gene, it will be expressed in their phenotype, regardless of whether they have a second copy of a different gene. Most psychologists agree on this definition, making "dominant" the correct answer in this context.

REM behavior disorder is a rare disorder where the mechanism that inhibits the movement of voluntary muscles during REM sleep fails. This results in the individual acting out their dreams, which can include thrashing around and even getting up and physically acting out their nightmares. This disorder is different from night terrors, which are characterized by intense fear and screaming during sleep, but no actual physical movement or acting out of dreams.

Jonathan frequently experiences unsettling and distressing dreams, commonly known as nightmares. Nightmares are vivid and realistic dreams that evoke negative emotions, such as fear, anxiety, or sadness. These dreams can disrupt sleep and cause significant distress upon waking. As Jonathan is described as being a victim of bad dreams, it implies that he frequently experiences nightmares rather than the alternative statement that suggests bad dreams do not exist.

The correct answer is conception. Conception refers to the exact moment when a female becomes pregnant, typically occurring when a sperm fertilizes an egg. It marks the beginning of pregnancy and the formation of a new life.

During the twenties, oil glands in the neck and around the eyes start to malfunction, leading to the development of wrinkles in those areas. This is because as people age, the production of oil by these glands decreases, causing the skin to become drier and less elastic. The lack of oil can contribute to the formation of wrinkles, particularly in areas that are more prone to dryness and fine lines, such as the neck and around the eyes.

During REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, 90 percent of dreams occur. This stage of sleep is characterized by the rapid movement of the eyes, increased brain activity, and vivid dreaming. It is believed to be essential for cognitive function, memory consolidation, and emotional regulation. While it is true that REM sleep is a deeper and more restful kind of sleep compared to non-REM sleep, the specific characteristic mentioned in the answer choice is the most accurate explanation.

Infants spend nearly 50 percent of their sleep in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which is characterized by active brain activity and dreaming. In contrast, a normal, healthy adult spends about 20 percent of their sleep in REM sleep. This difference in REM sleep percentage between infants and adults may be attributed to the rapid brain development and learning that occurs during infancy. REM sleep is essential for cognitive development, memory consolidation, and overall brain function. As adults age, the amount of time spent in REM sleep decreases.

The given correct answer is "syntax". Syntax refers to the arrangement of words and phrases to create grammatically correct sentences. In this case, both sentences have the same meaning but differ in their word order, demonstrating a difference in syntax.

When adolescents move into Piaget's final stage of formal operations, abstract thinking becomes possible. This stage is characterized by the ability to think hypothetically and consider multiple perspectives. Abstract thinking involves reasoning and problem-solving beyond concrete, tangible objects and experiences. It allows individuals to understand and analyze complex concepts, make connections between ideas, and think critically. This cognitive ability enables adolescents to engage in advanced reasoning, plan for the future, and engage in more sophisticated decision-making processes.

In some languages, changing the intonation of a word can indeed change its entire meaning. This is known as tonal languages, where the pitch or tone used when pronouncing a word can alter its definition. Examples of tonal languages include Mandarin Chinese, Thai, and Yoruba. In these languages, the same sequence of sounds can have multiple meanings depending on the pitch contour used while speaking. Therefore, the statement "In some languages, changing the intonation of a word can change its entire meaning" is true.

At birth, infants show a preference for sweet tastes. This is because sweetness is associated with the taste of breast milk, which is the primary source of nutrition for infants. The preference for sweet tastes is believed to be innate and helps ensure that infants consume enough calories for growth and development. Additionally, sweet tastes are generally more pleasurable and rewarding, which may also contribute to the preference for sweetness in infants.

A holophrase is a single word or phrase that is used by a child to convey a complete thought or idea. In this case, the child saying "Juice!" is using a holophrase to express their desire for some juice. They are using a single word to communicate a complete thought, indicating their specific want or need.

The child who criticizes his parent for speeding because it is against the law is demonstrating conventional morality. This is because conventional morality is based on following societal rules and norms, such as laws. The child's understanding of right and wrong is shaped by the external standards set by society, in this case, the law against speeding.

A person's schema for a library would most likely include books and bookshelves because these are the fundamental elements commonly associated with a library. Books are the primary resource found in libraries, and bookshelves are the typical storage units used to organize and display books. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that when thinking about a library, one would naturally think of books and bookshelves as essential components of its schema.

The chess program Deep Blue is an example of artificial intelligence because it is designed to mimic human thinking and decision-making processes. It uses algorithms and advanced computing power to analyze chess positions, evaluate possible moves, and make strategic decisions, just like a human chess player would. This demonstrates the ability of artificial intelligence to replicate human-like intelligence and problem-solving abilities in specific domains.

The correct answer is "Little Jenny's mother works one-on-one with her on a new task but gradually helps less and less and Jenny becomes more skilled and capable." This is an example of Vygotsky's concept of scaffolding because it involves a more knowledgeable person (Jenny's mother) providing support and guidance to help Jenny learn a new task. As Jenny becomes more competent, her mother gradually reduces the amount of assistance provided, allowing Jenny to develop her skills independently. This process of gradually removing support is a key aspect of scaffolding, as it helps learners to gradually take on more responsibility and become more skilled.

The circadian rhythm is a biological process that regulates various physiological and behavioral processes over a 24-hour cycle. It is primarily associated with sleep-wake patterns, hormonal secretion, body temperature, and other bodily functions. However, it does not specifically describe the changes in a person's heartbeat throughout the stages of sleep. Heartbeat changes during sleep are more closely related to other factors, such as sleep stages and sleep disorders.

Natural concepts are "fuzzy" concepts because they are not precisely defined and can vary from person to person. These concepts are developed through experiences in the real world, as individuals encounter different examples and instances of the concept. This allows for a more flexible understanding of natural concepts, as they are not rigidly defined and can encompass a range of characteristics and variations. Therefore, the statement that natural concepts are "fuzzy" concepts developed through real-world experiences is true.

Researchers do not agree that almost everyone experiences a single "stream of consciousness". There is ongoing debate and different theories about the nature of consciousness and whether it is a singular continuous stream or composed of multiple processes. Therefore, the statement that almost everyone experiences a single "stream of consciousness" is false.

Our bodies have internal clocks known as biological rhythms that regulate various physiological processes, including sleep. These rhythms are responsible for the timing and duration of our sleep patterns. They dictate when we feel tired and when we wake up, ensuring that we get enough rest to function properly. Therefore, it is our biological rhythms that ultimately determine the need for sleep in everyone.

This statement is false because language does have an influence over problem solving, cognition, and memory. Language provides a means for individuals to think, reason, and communicate. It shapes how we understand and interpret information, and it plays a crucial role in memory formation and retrieval. Different languages may also have different structures and concepts that can impact problem-solving approaches. Therefore, language does have an influence on these cognitive processes.

This researcher's study uses a cross-sectional design because it involves observing and comparing two different age groups (nine-year-olds and thirteen-year-olds) at a single point in time. The purpose is to assess changes in play group preference between these two ages. A cross-sectional design allows for the examination of different groups at the same time, providing a snapshot of their characteristics or behaviors at that specific moment. It is commonly used to study developmental changes or differences between groups at different stages of life.

David's experience of "sleep seizures" during the day suggests that he suffers from narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep. These episodes can occur at any time, even during activities like eating or talking. Sleep seizures are a common symptom of narcolepsy, where individuals may experience sudden loss of muscle control or a temporary paralysis called cataplexy. Epilepsy, on the other hand, is a different neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, which are not specific to sleep.

During the formal operations stage, according to Piaget, children develop the ability to think abstractly and logically. This stage typically occurs during adolescence, around the age of 11 or 12, and continues into adulthood. In this stage, children are able to understand and manipulate abstract concepts, think hypothetically, and use deductive reasoning. They can also consider multiple perspectives and engage in complex problem-solving. Therefore, the formal operations stage is when children become capable of effectively dealing with abstract concepts.

Most parent/teen conflicts are over trivial issues such as hair, clothing, and taste in music. This suggests that the conflicts between parents and teenagers often arise from differences in personal preferences and choices rather than more serious and consequential matters. It implies that parents and teenagers may have disagreements and arguments over these trivial issues, but they are less likely to have conflicts over more significant issues like drugs, alcohol, and sex.

The phenomenon described in the question refers to the fact that infants have a greater ability to understand language than they do to produce it. This is known as receptive-productive lag. It means that infants can comprehend and understand words and sentences before they are able to speak or produce them themselves. This lag between understanding and production is a normal part of language development in infants.

During middle adulthood, individuals experience the generativity versus stagnation developmental crisis. This stage, according to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, typically occurs between the ages of 40 and 65. During this time, individuals strive to contribute to society and leave a lasting impact through their work, relationships, and personal achievements. They may also experience feelings of stagnation if they feel unproductive or unfulfilled. Therefore, middle adulthood is the correct stage for the generativity versus stagnation crisis.

Todd's fuzzy and disorganized thoughts after taking medication for his back indicate a change in his normal state of consciousness. This alteration in consciousness could be a result of the medication affecting his brain function and cognitive abilities. It is not an adverse reaction because adverse reactions typically refer to negative physical symptoms, whereas Todd's symptoms are related to his mental state.

Convergent thinking is not the best way to measure or capture one's level of creativity. Convergent thinking refers to the ability to find the single correct solution to a problem, while creativity involves thinking outside the box and generating multiple innovative solutions. Therefore, convergent thinking alone cannot accurately assess a person's level of creativity.