A Practice Test On Chemistry! Trivia Questions Quiz

Barium is found in period 6 and group 2 of the periodic table. The period number indicates the energy level of the outermost electrons, and the group number represents the number of valence electrons. Barium, with an atomic number of 56, has its outermost electrons in the 6th energy level and 2 valence electrons, placing it in period 6 and group 2.

The three subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, while neutrons are neutral particles also found in the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus. These three particles together make up the structure of an atom.

Oxygen actually has 6 valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom, and for oxygen, the electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p4. The 2s and 2p orbitals in the second energy level are considered the valence orbitals, and there are a total of 6 electrons in these orbitals for oxygen. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods. Each period represents a different energy level or shell in an atom. The elements within a period have the same number of electron shells.

The atomic number of an atom represents the number of protons in its nucleus. Since an atom is electrically neutral, it also has the same number of electrons as protons. Therefore, by knowing the atomic number, a physical science student can determine both the number of protons and electrons in an atom. Hence, the statement is true.

The region around the nucleus occupied by the electrons is actually called the electron cloud or electron shell. This is because the electrons are not confined to a specific path or orbit, but rather exist in a probability cloud around the nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

This statement is false because losing 4 neutrons would result in a decrease in the atomic mass of Tellurium - 127, not a decrease to mass 122. The new mass would be 123, not 122.

The noble gases are stable because they have a full outer shell of electrons. This means that their outermost energy level is completely filled with electrons, which makes them less likely to react with other elements and form chemical bonds. As a result, noble gases tend to exist as individual atoms rather than forming compounds. This stability is due to the fact that having a full outer shell satisfies the octet rule, which states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve a full outer shell.

Nuclear fusion is the process by which two or more atomic nuclei come together to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy in the process. This process is the main source of energy in stars, including our sun. Therefore, it is true that nuclear fusion occurs naturally in the sun.

Metalloids are elements that fall along the "staircase" on the periodic table. They have properties that are intermediate between metals and non-metals. They exhibit characteristics of both metals and non-metals, such as being able to conduct electricity like metals but being brittle like non-metals. Therefore, metalloids are the correct answer to this question.

The statement is true because the mass of an electron is indeed very small compared to other particles. The mass of an electron is approximately 9.1 x 10^-31 kilograms, which is about 1/1836th the mass of a proton. This small mass allows electrons to move easily and participate in various chemical reactions and electrical currents. Therefore, it is common to refer to the mass of an electron as negligible in many contexts.

An atom found in period 4, group 7 would not be considered a non-metal. In the periodic table, group 7 is known as the halogens, which are non-metals. Therefore, an atom in this group would be a non-metal.

The mass number of an atom is the sum of its protons and neutrons. In this case, the atom has 38 protons and 50 neutrons, so the sum is 38 + 50 = 88. Therefore, the correct answer is 88.

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, which results in a difference in their atomic mass. This variation in the number of neutrons does not affect the element's chemical properties but can impact its stability and radioactive behavior. Isotopes are commonly used in various fields, such as medicine, archaeology, and environmental studies, for tracing, dating, and analyzing different processes.

The elements on the modern Periodic Table are arranged by increasing atomic number. This means that as you move from left to right across a period or from top to bottom down a group, the atomic number of the elements increases. The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, and it determines the element's identity. Therefore, the statement that the elements are arranged by decreasing atomic number is incorrect.

The correct answer is protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are the particles that make up the nucleus of an atom. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge. Electrons, on the other hand, are found outside the nucleus and have a negative charge. Ions and isotopes are not particles of matter that make up the nucleus of an atom.

Non-metals are the elements that are gases, brittle, and poor conductors at room temperature. Non-metals have properties opposite to metals, as they do not have the ability to conduct heat and electricity efficiently, and tend to be brittle rather than malleable. Examples of non-metals include oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon.

The statement is true because electrons that are farther from the nucleus have a higher energy level. This is due to the fact that the energy levels of electrons in an atom are quantized, meaning they can only exist at specific energy levels. The energy levels closer to the nucleus are lower, while the energy levels farther away are higher. Electrons in higher energy levels have more potential energy and are therefore farther from the nucleus.

Sodium has 11 electrons in total, and according to the electron configuration, the first energy level can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. Therefore, it is true that sodium has only 2 electrons in its first energy level.

The correct answer is nucleus. The nucleus is the central part of an atom that contains almost all of its mass. It is made up of protons and neutrons, which are the subatomic particles that contribute to the mass of the atom. Electrons, on the other hand, are much smaller in mass and are found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. Therefore, the majority of the mass of an atom is concentrated in its nucleus.

The stability of an atom is determined by the arrangement of its electrons. In the case of argon, it has 8 electrons in its outer shell, which is a full shell. This full outer shell gives argon a stable electron configuration, making it non-reactive and therefore considered a noble gas. The presence of a full outer shell means that argon does not need to gain or lose electrons to achieve stability, which is why it is such a stable atom.

When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged. However, in this question, it states that the atom has gained 2 electrons and is now positively charged. This indicates that the atom has actually lost 2 electrons, resulting in a positive charge. In chemistry, an atom that has lost electrons and has a positive charge is called a cation. Therefore, the correct answer is cation.

When an atom gains two additional electrons, it becomes negatively charged because electrons have a negative charge. The negative charge is indicated by the minus sign. Therefore, the correct answer is -2, indicating that the atom has gained two electrons and has a charge of -2.

The atomic number of iodine is 53, which represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an iodine atom. Since atoms are electrically neutral, the number of electrons in an atom is also equal to the atomic number. Therefore, there are 53 electrons present in an iodine atom.

The statement is false because the isotopes of hydrogen, hydrogen-2 and hydrogen-3, differ from one another by one neutron, not one proton. Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.