The Restored Philippine Congress and EDSA Revolution

Proclamation 3, issued by President Aquino, aimed to provide a provisional constitution to restore democratic governance in the Philippines following the tumultuous period of martial law. This document served as a temporary framework for the government, ensuring the continuity of state functions while paving the way for the establishment of a new constitution. It was a crucial step in transitioning from authoritarian rule to a more democratic system, reflecting Aquino's commitment to uphold civil liberties and democratic principles after years of oppression.

The Freedom Constitution, enacted in 1986 following the People Power Revolution in the Philippines, aimed to restore democratic governance after years of martial law. One of its key reforms was the abolition of the Batasang Pambansa, the legislative body established under the previous regime. This move was intended to dismantle the authoritarian structures and replace them with a more representative and accountable government. By abolishing the Batasang Pambansa, the Freedom Constitution paved the way for the establishment of a new Congress, thus reinforcing democratic principles and ensuring greater public participation in governance.

According to the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, the House of Representatives is composed of a maximum of 250 members. This includes both district representatives and party-list representatives. The provision aims to ensure adequate representation while maintaining effective governance. The number is set to balance the interests of various regions and sectors within the country, reflecting the democratic principle of representation in the legislative process.

Members of Congress enjoy immunity from arrest while Congress is in session to ensure that they can perform their legislative duties without fear of interference or coercion. This privilege allows them to engage in debate and decision-making freely, safeguarding the legislative process. However, this immunity does not apply to cases of treason, felony, or breach of the peace, ensuring that it is not abused. This protection is vital for maintaining the independence and integrity of the legislative branch.

The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution, was a pivotal event in the Philippines that led to the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986. It was a peaceful uprising fueled by widespread public discontent over corruption, human rights abuses, and electoral fraud during the snap elections. Millions of Filipinos gathered in a show of unity and nonviolent resistance, effectively pressuring Marcos to flee the country. This movement demonstrated the power of collective action and civil disobedience, ultimately restoring democracy in the Philippines.

The Freedom Constitution, enacted in the Philippines in 1986, is notable for its concise structure, comprising seven articles. This document was established to restore democracy following the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos and aimed to outline the fundamental rights and principles guiding the new government. Each article addresses different aspects of governance, civil liberties, and the responsibilities of the state, reflecting the aspirations of the Filipino people for a more just and equitable society.

Senators serve a term of 6 years as stipulated by the 1987 Constitution. This duration was established to ensure that senators can effectively represent their constituents while maintaining a balance between continuity and accountability in the legislative process. The 6-year term allows for sufficient time to address complex issues and contribute to long-term policy-making, while also providing opportunities for voters to reassess their representatives through regular elections.

In the context of the House of Representatives, the party-list system is designed to ensure proportional representation for various political parties. In many legislative frameworks, a specific percentage of seats is allocated to candidates from party lists, allowing smaller parties to gain representation. In this case, 20% of the House is chosen through this system, reflecting a balance between traditional district representation and proportional representation. This approach aims to enhance democratic participation by enabling a wider range of political voices to be heard in the legislative process.

In the Philippines, the Constitution mandates that a person must be at least 35 years old to qualify for the position of senator. This age requirement is intended to ensure that candidates possess a certain level of maturity and life experience, which is deemed important for the responsibilities and decision-making involved in legislative duties. By setting the minimum age at 35, the law aims to strike a balance between youthful perspectives and the wisdom that often comes with age.

In 1987, the Liberal Party emerged as the dominant political force in the Philippines, following the restoration of democracy after the Marcos regime. The party gained significant support and representation in the Senate, reflecting the public's desire for reform and a break from authoritarian rule. This surge in popularity was bolstered by the party's alignment with the pro-democracy movement and its leadership, which resonated with voters seeking change. As a result, the Liberal Party secured the most Senate seats during that period, establishing its influence in the post-revolution political landscape.